Функции инфинитива в предложении

Функции	Употребление	Перевод
Subject (подлежащее	T о maintain and make more profits is the objective of any private enterprise. It is useless to discuss this question.	инфинитивом, существительным -Сохранение и увеличение (сохранить и увеличить) . . -.. обсуждать....
Predicative (часть ска зуемого)	The aim of the company is to increase its market share. They gradually ceased to talk.	инфинитивом, существительным -...увеличение (увеличить)... -... говорить (разговор).
Object (дополнение)	The employers seek to hold wages.	инфинитивом ...удерживать ...
Attribute (определе ние)	The goods to be delivered have been carefully examined. She has nobody to talk to. I’ve got many things to do.	определительным придат. предложением -которые будут отправлены инфинитивом, существит-м Ей не с кем поговорить. У меня много дел.
Adverbial modifier (обстоятельство)	To finance long term needs the government issues Treasury bonds.	инфинитивом, существительным -для того, чтобы финансировать (для финансирования) ...

Exercise 17. Define the functions of the underlined infinitives.

1. To get there on time was a problem.

a. adverbial modifier b. subject. c. attribute

2. He is too tired to continue the way.

a. attribute b. adverbial modifier c. predicative

3. He was to get to the town before dawn.

a. predicative b. object c. adverbial modifier

4. The man agreed to serve as a witness.

a. object b. attribute c. adverbial modifier

5. To meet the need for increasing demand, producers have to diversify the mix of output.

a. predicative b. adverbial modifier c. subject

6. That was a problem to be settled.

a. attribute b. subject c. object

7. They stopped to have a chat.

a. attribute b. adverbial modifier c. predicative

Exercise 18. Work in pairs.

Student A: Translate into Russian the sentences with the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.

Student B: Translate into Russian the sentences with the infinitive as a subject.

3 To build a new railway line of this length is a very complicated task. 2. To economize on freight we have decided to ship both lots together. 3. To trade on the exchange, a "seat" must be purchased. 4. To prolong the guarantee period is the task of the talks. 5. To draw up the Draft contract on time it is important to work out all the de­tails. 6. To meet the delegation the secretary was to be at the airport at 8 p.m. 7. To meet delegations at the airport was one of his respon­sibilities. 8. To meet the increased demand for industrial goods, new shops have been opened in our town.9. To solve complex prob­lems is the main purpose of the computers. 10. To perform reasonable operations a computer must have a way of accepting data. 11. To de­velop national economy is our main task. 12. To describe the struc­ture of his bank an Assistant Vice-President showed an organiza­tion chart. 13. To analyze market potential is to analyze the demand for a specific type of product at a certain time, under certain market­ing conditions.

Exercise 19. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using “so as/in order” with the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of purpose.

Model: He turned out the light. He didn’t want to waste electricity.

He turned out the light so as/in order not to waste

electricity.

1. I took off my shoes. I didn’t want to make any noise. 2. He was playing very softly. He didn’t want to disturb anyone. 3. I sent them out of the room. I didn’t want to discuss it with anybody. 4. I am learning Greek. I want to read Homer. 5. He sent his children to their aunt’s house. He wanted to have some peace. 6. He read only for short periods each day. He didn’t want to strain his eyes. 7. She got up very early. She didn’t want to miss the train. 8. We must keep our gloves on. We don’t want to get frostbitten.

Exercise 20. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using too/enough with the infinitive as an adverbial modifier of result. Translate the sentence into Russian.

Model 1 : The driver is careful. He doesn't drive fast.

The driver is too careful to drive fast.

Model 2 : The driver is skilful. He can drive fast.

The driver is skilful enough to drive fast.

1. The project is complex. It won't be carried into effect very quickly.

2. Mr. Gold is qualified. He can very well fill the vacancy in our office.

3. He is young. He won't be nominated chief of our department yet.

4. The advertisement was short. I couldn't understand what it meant.

5. The announcement was clear. I could understand it well.

6. His point of view is reasonable. It can be generally accepted.

7. Mr. Male's secretary knows her job well. She will acknowledge the receipt of your message right away.

8. Peter is very cautious. He won't get involved in any risky affair.

9. On the whole your contract is acceptable. I think we can sign it.

10. Our possibilities are small. It won't be possible to carry out design work abroad.

11. Would you be very kind and answer this letter by return?

12. He hadn't much money. He couldn't live on it. (Omit it.)

13. The fire isn't very hot. It won't boil a kettle.

14. Our new car is very wide. It won't get through those gates.

15. I was terrified. I couldn't move.

16. The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake.

17. The river is deep. We can't wade it. (Omit it.)

18. He was extremely rash. He set out up the mountain in a thick fog.

19. He was very snobbish. He wouldn't talk to any of us.

20. The package is very thick. I can't push it through the letterbox. (Omit it.)

21. She was very mean. She never gave to charity.

22. He is very impatient. He never listens to anyone.

23.I was very tired. I couldn't walk any further.

24. Would you be very kind and turn down the radio a little?

25. He is very selfish. He wouldn't put himself out for anyone.

Exercise 21. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the in­finitive as an attribute.

1. This is the item to pay attention to. 2. Here's a declaration form for you to fill in. 3. He was the only one to accept that responsibility. 4. The first question to be considered is whether the offer of the sellers should be accepted. 5. Mr. Hock will be the next person to be promoted, I believe. 6. He will be just the man to clear up some points. 7. The new vessel to be launched in a few days is equipped with powerful engines. 8. I think Mr. Robert will be the first to be nominated for the chairmanship. 9. The goods to be loaded on this steamer consist of different kinds of machinery. 10. A committee headed by Mr. N. began working out a resolution to be presented to the conference. 11. We have discussed the terms to be included in the letter of credit. 12. The article to be published was written by my brother. 13. There is something to be surprised at. 14. I’ve got nothing important to speak of. 15. He was the first to come.

Exercise 22. Translate these sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the functions of the infinitives.

1. To do the program the programmer must have a good understand­ing of the problem for the computer. 2. To do the program for a computer is the main duty of a programmer. 3. She decided not to take any steps for some days yet. 4. They gradually ceased to talk. 5. The object of business is to make a profit. 6 It is necessary to discuss the terms of delivery during the negotiations. 7. It was useless to argue the question. 8. He continued to insist on changing the terms of payment. 9. Your equipment is reliable and easy to operate. 10. He asked the secretary to type the minutes. 11. He ordered the manager to contact the design organization. 12. The Customer asked to reduce the item prices. 13 The equipment to be delivered has been carefully examined. 14. Many people buy expensive brands to make themselves feel important and to impress others.15. He was the first to offer his hand to the Rus sians. 16. Laws were not made to be broken, laws were made to stay within (подчиняться). 17. The aim of any negotiation is to come to an agreement. 18. He spoke about the plan to increase the production of the plant. 19. It is possible to achieve high distribution by selling a product in only a few stores - those with high sales volume. 20. The secretary was too busy to type all the letters. 21. He found it utterly impossible to leave the spot.

Exercise 23.Complete the following sentences using the infinitive as

a) subject.

1. ... is the aim of any negotiation. 2. ... was impossible. 3. ... is our secretary's responsibility. 4. It was interesting ... 5. It is no easy mat­ter... 6. It was useful... 7. It was impossible...

b) predicative.

1. My advice to you as a manager is... 2. Our plan was... 3. The President's idea was ... 4. To make him do it means... 5. The least we can do is... 6. The task of the talks is... 7. Mr. Price continued...

c) object.

1. Manager instructed the personnel ... 2. He was proud... 3. The principal asked... 4. They promised... 5.I was careful not... 6. I for­got... 7. We were lucky...

d). attribute.

1. He is just the person... 2. David was the first... 3. He always finds something... 4. This girl is the very shop-assistant... 5. Here is the list of restrictions...6. He has many duties…

e). adverbial modifier of result.

1. Alice was too proud... 2. Mr. Higgins was too astonished... 3. The terms were good enough ... 4. She was talented enough... 5. Man­ager was too busy... 6. The story was interesting enough... 7. We were too far...

f). adverbial modifier of purpose.

1. I have to work hard... 2. They stopped... 3. I dropped in at his place... 4. Give him some money... 5. He took the papers... 6. The director did his best... 7. He moved aside...

Exercise 24. Translate these sentences into English.

I. He хотели бы вы посетить наш завод и увидеть оборудование в действии? 2. Я постараюсь удовлетворить ваше требование по cокращению срока поставки до 9 месяцев. 3. В этом году наш директор хочет предложить заказчику большую скидку. 4. Не xотели бы вы ускорить поставку? 5. Его идеей было напечатать новые каталоги на всех европейских языках. 6. Секретарь встретит мистера Ли в вестибюле, чтобы проводить его в наш офис. 7. Каждый розничный продавец гордится тем, что у него есть постоянные покупатели. 8. Было нелегко разрешить все проблемы. 9. Предоставить вам 10% скидку невозможно. 10. Дэвид был первым, кто принял во внимание запрос мистера Блэка.11. Он первым изменил свое отношение к этому вопросу. 12. Вот человек, на которого можно положиться. 13. Это интересный факт, который можно упомянуть в докладе. 14. Заказать билеты по телефону - значит сэкономить время.