- •Unit 9 Semiconductors of n-Type and p-Type Language work
- •Fill in the table
- •Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
- •Write a sentence with if … for each situation.
- •Answer the questions in the way shown.
- •Use your own ideas to complete the sentences.
- •Form verbs from the following words using the suffix – en and translate them: strength, broad, wide, tight, rough.
- •Translate the following international words without a dictionary. These words are often used in electronics.
- •Read and translate word-combinations (starting from the first component).
- •Match the following sentences with their translations.
- •Choose as many words from the table of exercise 1 as you can and form sensible sentences.
- •Specialist Reading
- •Read the text “Semiconductors of n-type and p-type”. Mark the following sentences as true or false.
- •Semiconductors of n-Type and p-Type
- •Read the text again and select from multiple choice the only solution to each problem.
- •Refresh the text “Semiconductors of n-type and p-type” in your memory and answer some questions.
- •Complete the sentences with the correct ending according to the text.
- •Translate another text about of n-type and p-type- semiconductors paying attention to new technical terms in writing.
- •The Large Hadron Collider
- •Text b New Mobile Telecommunications Standard
Match the following sentences with their translations.
1. If we add a small amount of arsenic to silicon, several, valence electrons of each arsenic atom will form covalent bonds with the neighboring atoms of silicon. |
a. Рекомбинация происходит когда дырки и электроны иногда встречаются в полупроводнике. |
2. The atom of arsenic has five valence electrons. The fifth electron has no pair and is attached to the arsenic nucleus very loosely. |
b. Каждый атом галлия из III группы вводит одну дырку в кристаллическую решётку. |
3. Each atom of arsenic will add one negative charge carrier to the silicon crystal. Such an impurity is called donor impurity. The resulting semiconductor will be called an N-type semiconductor. |
c. Если мы добавили небольшое количество мышьяка в кремний, несколько валентных электронов каждого атома мышьяка создадут (образуют) ковалентные связи с соседними атомами кремния. |
4.If the holes are in the minority in a semiconductor, we’ll call them minority charge carriers. |
d. Тип примеси с галлием называется акцепторной примесью, и получающийся в результате полупроводник известен как полупроводник P-типа. |
5. Recombination takes place when holes and electrons sometimes meet in the semiconductor. |
e. Эта дырка может двигаться в кристалле таким же образом, как дырка, полученная в результате теплового возбуждения. |
6. Each atom of gallium from a group III introduces one hole into the crystal lattice of silicon. |
f. Если дырки в меньшинстве в полупроводнике, мы будем называть их неосновными носителями заряда. |
7. This hole is able to move about in the crystal in the same way as a hole produced by thermal agitation. |
g. Атом мышьяка имеет пять валентных электронов. Пятый электрон не имеет пары, он очень слабо связан с ядром атома мышьяка. |
8. The type of impurity with gallium is called an acceptor impurity and the resulting semiconductor is known as a P-type semiconductor. |
h. Каждый атом мышьяка добавит один отрицательно заряженный носитель в кристалл кремния. Такая примесь называется донорной примесью. Получившийся в результате полупроводник будет называться полупроводником N-типе. |
Choose as many words from the table of exercise 1 as you can and form sensible sentences.
For example: Each gallium atom will attempt to form a covalent bond with each of its four neighboring silicon atoms.
Specialist Reading
Read the text “Semiconductors of n-type and p-type”. Mark the following sentences as true or false.
If we are interested in creating a conduction of N-type or P-type in a semiconductor material, we will use the chemical elements of group III and V from Periodic Table.
The minority charge carriers of P-type semiconductor are holes.
Each atom of arsenic introduces one hole into the molecular structure of silicon.
Under the special conditions silicon can be the semiconductor either P-type or N-type.
The process of forming the covalent bonds between atoms of the specimen and an impurity requires a great amount of doping material.
Gallium is a donor impurity.
In N-type semiconductor the process of recombination occurs very often.