Vocabulary Exercises

Ex. 1. Match the attribute (A) and the verb (B) on the left with nouns or phrases on the right. Use each word only once.

A smoke-related smokers

addictive smoking

vending absenteeism

high performance at work

second-hand measures

heavy machine

poor diseases

effective substances

B to disseminate child development

to stiffen the habit

to break tobacco use

to reduce penalties

to impede information

to carry health warnings

to smoke productivity

to impair on the job

Ex. 2. Fill in the correct preposition.

1. For the first time in a quarter of a century the number of women smoking is (1) … an increase. Statistics show that it’s the youngest women who are increasingly taking (2) … the habit. The habit is (3) … an increase (4) … teenage girls while it is falling (5) … all other groups of the population. Dr. Charlton said, “The rates are less (6) … those who go to university. The smokers are usually the ones who do not do well (7) … school and show few signs (8) … wanting to. They mistakenly believe it helps to keep their weight (9) … , although they have no weight problem (10) … the first place. One of the most effective methods of getting girls to stop smoking is to point (11) … how much they smell, says Dr. Charlton.

2. Some employers solve their dilemma (12) … prohibiting smoking (13) … company premises. Other employers sympathize (14) … smokers.

3. Would you mind putting (15) … your cigarette?

Ex. 3. Fill in the appropriate form of the word in brackets.

It’s hardly surprising that smokers show (reluctant) to give up the habit. Although a (depend) on cigarettes is (damage) to the health, giving up can be extremely (pain). However, many modern (treat) can help. For example, many find (circle) nicotine patches stuck onto the skin on a (day) basis can help them become less (depend) on the chemicals in cigarettes. If this isn’t (appeal), then consider trying (alternate) methods such as hypnosis or acupuncture. You’ll still need (determine), but it will be easier.

Ex. 4. Complete the following sentences with a word in the correct form from the box below.

A

to go without to fine to quit damage harmful

to advertise evidence to reject tobacco a violator

second-hand non-smoking

1. The new law will require employers to establish … areas if their employees request it. … of the proposed law could … . A similar proposition … two years ago after … companies spent $ 6.3 million on an … campaign against it.

2. A recent report published in the New England Journal of Medicine provided … that working in a roomful of smokers is … to non-smokers. The University of California studied the effects of … smoke on over 2,000 middle-aged men and women. Their report concluded that working next to a person who smokes causes the same lung … as smoking eleven cigarettes a day.

3. Next Thursday smokers in cities and towns all across America will try to … smoking for as many hours as they can on Thursday and many of them will … for good.

B

craving packet antisocial stained harmful

addiction link fatal chain-smoke put out ashtrays

To many people, smoking is not a pleasure, it is an (a) ... They need it, depend on it, can’t stop it. If they haven’t smoked for some hours, they feel a ... for a cigarette. They often … , which means they light another cigarette immediately they have … the one before. Smoking is often considered … since many people don’t like the smell of cigarettes or the sight of the smoker’s … fingers or … full of cigarette-ends. Above all, smoking is … to health and in many countries a warning is printed on every … of cigarettes. Scientists have proved that there is a … between smoking and a disease which can be … , cancer.

Ex. 5. Give the English equivalents of the following words and phrases.

Запретить продажу сигарет подросткам; заядлый курильщик; ухудшать производительность труда; потушить сигарету; ужесточить наказание; вещества, вызывающие привыкание; резкие перемены в настроении; четырехкратное увеличение/уменьшение; увеличить на 5%; запретить рекламу сигарет на рекламных щитах; повысить налоги на продажу сигарет; пристраститься к курению; проверять учеников на наличие наркотиков; запретить табачным компаниям спонсировать спортивные мероприятия; измениться коренным образом.

Ex. 6. Translate into English.

1. Курение ведет к снижению производительности труда. 2. Медики считают, что курение приводит к заболеванию раком легких. 3. Курение на рабочем месте воспрещается. 4. Курение ведет к увеличению случаев невыхода на ра­боту. 5. Для большинства курящих очень сложно отказаться от вредной при­вычки. 6. Запрет курения на рабочем месте не является дискриминацией. По­литика отказа в найме курящих не является дискриминационной. 7. Про­изво­дительность труда у курящих ниже, чем у некурящих. 8. За последние годы число курящих женщин увеличилось на 5% (отмечается рост числа курящих женщин). 9. Причин, по которым женщины приобщаются к курению, не­сколько. 10. В Великобритании наибольшее число женщин, больных раком, умирают от рака легких. 11. Все больше женщин усваивают мужскую модель поведения. 12. Особое внимание в докладе было уделено проблеме распро­странения курения. 13. Реклама этого сорта сигарет направлена, в первую очередь, на женщин. 14. Несколько миллионов людей умирают ежегодно от болезней, вызванных курением. 15. Дети, в присутствии которых курят, под­вержены респираторным заболеваниям. 16. Следствием курения во время бе­ременности может стать замедленное развитие ребенка. 17. Потребление си­гарет на душу населения за последнее десятилетие увеличилось на 10%. 18. Уровень курения среди подростков в развитых странах в настоящее время ниже, чем 10 лет назад. 19. В соответствии с новым законом о курении будет ужесточено наказание подростков за попытки купить сигареты или их хране­ние. 20. Производители сигарет обязаны помещать на пачках сигарет преду­преждение об опасности курения.

Ex. 7. Read the 13-point plan below to give up smoking. The following phrases have been left out. Put them back in again in the correct places.

1. will have to ask for a cigarette i) it’s raining or very cold

2. and change to a lower-tar brand j) including the times and the places you smoke

3. whom you can call k) alone and do nothing else

4. stress will be minimal l) that is inconvenient and uncomfortable

5. often for accomplishing your goals m) your first smoke of the day

6. how much you smoke and why you smoke

7. switch to your left n) ashtrays and lighters

8. quitting is the goal o) you begin to take control of your habit

How to give up smoking

• Set a target quitting date. Choose a day you think that (1) … and you won’t be around other smokers. Once you’ve set a target date … .

• Keep a record of your smoking habits, (2) … . Keeping a “smoking” diary will help you to recognize (3) … . Did a confrontation with a classmate or co-worker or an upsetting phone-call make you reach for your cigarettes?

• Designate a “smoking place” in your home and at work. Smoke only in those places. Choose a place (4) … . One person chose the corner of his basement, another chose the front lawn. If (5) … , you might decide to stay indoors rather than smoke. And you will look silly standing there smoking on your front lawn.

• Keep (6) … only in this designated smoking place.

• Don’t carry cigarettes with you. Ask nonsmokers (spouse, friend) to hold your cigarettes. You (7) … whenever you want one.

• Smoke (8) … (no watching TV, drinking coffee or talking on the phone) while smoking. Take the pleasure out of the habit. Make smoking a chore.

• Change smoking postures. If you normally hold your cigarette in your right hand, (9) … . If you draw from your cigarette on the left side of your mouth, switch to the right. These changes should make smoking more awkward and uncomfortable for you.

• Buy one packet of cigarettes at a time (10) … .

• Delay (11) … and the first one after a meal. Start with a half-hour delay and work up to an hour.

• When you want a cigarette, put off lighting it for a while. Hold it in your hand and tell yourself: “I don’t need this just yet.” Once (12) … , the urge for a cigarette might pass.

• Set up a support network. Choose sympathetic friends (perhaps ex-smokers) (13) … when you feel the urge for a cigarette.

• Start an exercise programme to help prevent weight gain. But remember: (14) … You can worry about any extra pounds later.

• Reward yourself (15) … . If you cut down smoking before your target date arrives, quitting should be less stressful.

Pro: Con:

1. Smoking is addictive. 1. People smoke because it’s relaxing and enjoyable.

2. Smoking causes cancer. 2. The evidence linking tobacco and cancer is inconclusive.

3. Smoking pollutes the air for 3. Smoking can be restricted to well-ventilated

nonsmokers. areas.

4. It’s a waste of money. 4. People have the right to spend their money as they see fit.

5. The land used to grow tobacco 5. If tobacco were banned people would should be used to grow food. grow it illegally.