Отличия фонетического строя русского и английского языков

1. В английском языке долгота гласного влияет на смысл: live [liv] -жить leave [li:v] – оставлять; pot [pɒt] – котелок, горшок port [pɔ:t] – порт; Долгота гласного обозначается в транскрипции двумя вертикально расположенными точками [:].

2. Английские звонкие согласные на конце слова и перед глухими согласными никогда не оглушаются, оглушение может привести к изменению смысла:

nod [nɒd] – кивать not [nɒt] – нет, не

3. Почти все английские согласные звуки произносятся твёрдо перед любыми гласными звуками.

did [did] ten [ten]

Обратим внимание на правила чтения некоторых английских согласных

c	[s]	перед e, i, y	place, cycle, pencil
	[k]	в остальных случаях	come, can, clock, cut,
	[s]	перед i + гласная (в безударном пол.)	special, social, efficient
g	[dʒ]	перед e, i, y	wage, region,
	[g]	в остальных случаях	glad, got, big
s	[s]	в начале слова, и в конце после глухих согласных	sun, same, its, books, keeps
	[z]	в конце слова после гласных и звонких согласных; между гласными	is, rise, lands, nose, rose, boys, plays
x	[gz]	перед ударной гласной	exam, exist
	[ks]	в остальных случаях	text, six, box
sh	[ʃ]		fresh, shape
ch	[tʃ]	в словах английского происхождения	French, check, bench, much
	[k]	в словах латинского и греческого происхождения	mechanic, chemistry, school
	[ʃ]	в словах французского происхождения	machine
gh		после ударной гласной	night, brought
	[f]	в конце слова	enough, rough,
th	[ð] звонкий [θ] глухой	Чтобы произнести [ð], [θ], положите кончик языка на кромку нижних зубов; между кромкой верхних зубов и поверхностью кончика языка образуется щель, через которую проходит струя воздуха.	В служебных словах и между двумя гласными: this, these, that, with, bathe, mother. В остальных случаях: thick, thin, three, tenth, teeth, depth.
wh	[h]	перед o	whom, whole
	[w]	в остальных случаях	when, why
wr	[r]		write, wrote
qu	[kw]		quite, quick
kn	[n]		knife, knee
nk	[ŋk]		sink, ink, sunk,
ng	[ŋg] [ŋ]	Чтобы произнести [ŋ], довольно широко откройте рот и сделайте вдох через нос, затем, сохраняя это положение органов речи, дайте голос, выдыхая воздух через нос. Кончик языка упирается в нижние зубы.	Перед звуками [l, r, w]: single, language, angry. В остальных случаях: song, long, hang, bring.
tion	[ʃn]		dictation
sion	[ʃn]	после согласной	tension
	[ʒn]	после гласной	division
tch	[tʃ]		switch, pitch
ture	[tʃə]		fracture, future
sure	[ʃ]	после согласной	pressure
	[ʒ]	после гласной	measure, treasure
ph	[f]		physics, phone

Упр. 1. Прочитайте данные пары слов.

Sin – thin; sink – think; wise – with; zip – this; this – myth; that – depth; rice – rise; caps – cabs; wine – vine; went – vent; back – bag; lack – lag.

Упр.2. Прочтите слова, обращая внимание на правила чтения согласных.

Educational center, technical, located, location, national, building, discharge, theory, atmosphere, structure, switching, channel, television, management, further, branch, excellent, lecture, gym, equipment, experiment, journal, region, complex, specialized.

Упр. 3. Прочтите и переведите текст.

The Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications 

The Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications (abbreviation: SPbSUT) is one of the major research and educational centers of Russia as well as a leading technical university located in  Saint-Petersburg. The University developed on the basis of the Leningrad Institute of Communication Engineers founded in 1930. In 1993 it became a university and was named after Professor  Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich.

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich was a great engineer, scientist, and professor. He greatly influenced the pre-radar development of radio-location in Russia. He became the national proponent of radio broadcasting, building 27 stations in various cities.  Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bonch-Bruevich was a doctor of technical sciences, one of the originators of Spark Discharge Theory as well as Theory of Radio wave Transmission in the Upper Atmosphere, and the creator of the first electronic tubes, the radio-telephone transmitter, radio-telephone tube stations, etc.

The University is of complex structure. There are 9 faculties at the University. They are: the Faculty of Telecommunication Networks, Switching Systems and Computer Technology (TN, SS & CT), the Faculty of Multi Channel Telecommunication Systems (MTS), the Faculty of Radio Communication, Television and Multimedia Technology (RC, TV & MT), the Faculty of Economics and Management (FEM), The Faculty of Telecommunication Technology and Biomedical Technical Devices (TT), The Faculty of Information Systems and Technologies (FIS & T), the Faculty of Humanities, the Faculty of Evening and Extra-mural Education and the Faculty of Further Staff Training. There is also the Institute of Military Education and the Department of Fundamental Training.

The University has a preparatory department and post-graduate courses. There are about 15000 students now (including the branches in Arkhangelsk and Smolensk). The University offers excellent facilities and resources for learning in its laboratories, lecture-rooms, study-rooms, libraries and gym. The laboratories are provided with the most up-to-date equipment. The students carry out different experiments there. From the library the students can borrow any book, journal, periodical which they need for their studies.

Today, the university is the region’s biggest training and scientific complex specialized in information technologies and communications.