10. Why did our country accepte market economy system?

The transition to a regulated market economy provides basic directions:

denationalization of property - exclusion of the monopoly of state ownership and the creation of conditions for normal competition and competitive producers. In Kazakhstan, called for the transformation into joint-stock enterprises, collective, cooperative, state-cooperative, private property;

monopolization and antitrust measures (adoption of antitrust law, the creation of parallel production structures and conditions for free enterprise, organization of joint ventures with the active involvement of foreign capital);

financial recovery and the stabilization of the economy;

pricing policies (prices for consumer goods and services generated by market conditions, with the exception of food).

The concept of transition to a market economy regulated lay down the guidelines:

the rule of law in the territory of the Republic;

free development and competitiveness of various forms of ownership, including private;

implementation of an independent financial, tax and credit policies;

independent pricing policy, free movement of purchase price;

full autonomy in the conduct of foreign policy.

Organization of markets, and the mechanism of their regulation include:

formation of market infrastructure (commercial banks, commodity and stock exchanges, market centers, transport services, business information centers, etc.);

market for consumer goods and services (increasing the production of consumer goods g. "B");

market for capital goods;

labor market - market implies the existence of competition in which the incentive for high performance and efficient work is the value of the workplace;

freedom of choice of economic behavior of the population.

11. Why does economic theory takes special attention to the learning of the production forces?

If we consider the structure of the productive forces, its elements, common to all the socio-economic structures, are the means of production and the people who own production experience and actuating the means of production. The main productive force is human. This is due to the fact that, first, people - the creator of all the other elements of the productive forces, and secondly, no human work they do not turn into the factors of production (eg, cutting-edge technology without human action becomes a pile of metal and non-performing computer systems), in- Third, the needs and interests of the individual - the driving force of social and economic progress of society. Comparison of the means of labor, labor and human subjects suggests an active role in the labor process and the passive role of means and objects of labor. This indicates a failure of the theory of factors of production, which proclaims the equality of capital (which is identified with the means of labor), and human rights.

As the productive forces express the relationship of man to nature, the one side, they turned to the forces of nature, the geographical environment, and the other - the system of public, particularly economic, relations, composed of a technical, economic, organizational, economic, and socio-economic, t . is industrial relations. It follows another important difference between the subject of economic theory from economics.

Since political economy studies the relations of production, in collaboration with the development of the productive forces, the subject matter of economics is a broader objective. The economic theory of industrial relations than pays considerable attention to the study of technical and economic relationships (ie, specialization, cooperation, integration of production. Levels found, etc.), which, together with the industrial and organizational and economic (ie, management, marketing and etc.) are economic relations. Economic theory is focusing more attention on the problems of effectiveness of technical and economic relations, and therefore a greater degree than political economy, should summarize the results of the study of branch economies.