Macmillan-Intermediate_Language_Practice
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lNтЕRпnEDlAтE LANGUAGЕ PRAстlсE
usеd to
would
Past perfeсt and past simplе
Pastforms usеd in сonditionals
. Usedto dеsсribеsa habit or statеin the past. Thеrе is no pтеsеntform. Usedto suggеststhat thе aсtion or situation is no longеr tтuе and so makеs a сontгastwith thе prеsent.
I used to hаve long hаir whеп I wаSyoungеr.
It is usеd for rеpеatеdaсtions and not for singlе еvents. I used to plаy tenпis,but пow I pIау footbаll.
rQuеstions and nеgativеs
With quеstions and nеgativesusedto beсomеs useto.
Did уou use to hаve loпg hаir when уou wеrеyounger?
I didп,t use to plау tennis,but пow I plау mosttryеekeпds.
r Pronunсiation
Usedis pronounсеd lilstl. This is diffеrеnt from thе past tensе of thе vеrb use' prono!лсеd littzdl .
Wouldis usеd in thе samе Way as usedfo, but it only dеsсribеsrepeatеdaсtions in thе past, not statеs.It is morе сommorr in dеsсriptivеwriting than in spеесh' Оn winter dауs, we would/used to аIl sit аround the ftreапd tell storiеs.
I used to owп а motorbike.(NОТ g)
rStudy thе situations and thе еxample sеntеnсеs: Situation 1: thе film startsat 8.00, I arтivе at 7.50.
a)I аrrived аt 7.50,iust bфre theftImstаrted'
b)Wheп the film stаrted, I hаd аIreаdуаrrived teп minutesbefore,
Situation 2: the film startsat 8.00, I arrivе at 8.10.
a)The ftIm stаttеd аt 8'00, but I аrrived teп miпuteslаtе,
b)I аrrived аt 8.1o, but thеfilm hаd аIrеаdуstаrted.
To dеsсribеthеsе situations it is possiblе to uSеthе past simplе for both vеrbs, as in 1a) and2a).It is also possiblе to put thе еvеnt thаt happеnеd first into the past pеrfесt,as in 1b) and2b).
Howеvеr, la) is morе simplе and muсh morе likеly than 1b).In lb) wе еmphasizеwhiсh еvеnt happеnеd first (me arriving) - but arriving first is normal whеn wе go to thе сinеma so We don,t nееd to еmphasizе it.
In situation Zboth a) and b) arе possiblе.2a) is simplе and еasy to usе and understand.But 2b) hеlps thе mеaning by еmphasizing whiсh еvеnt happеnеd fiтst (thе film starting).
rNоtе that thе past simplе and past pеrfесt arе also usеd in сonditional sеntеnсеs(If ...)' In thеsеsеntеnсеsthеy havе a diffеrеntmеaning.
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GRA]UlпnAR 5 PAsт тl1t,|E 2
5 For еaсh question,сompletethe seсondsеntenсeso that it meansthe samеas the first, using no more than thrее words.
a)Мiсhaеl took a dееp brеath and divеd into thе watеr.
AfterMiсha"l ....h.а.q('..tдkш........'......a dееpbrеath,hе divеd intothе Watеr.
b)Tеrry was fattеr.
Tеrry......... to bе so thin. с) Gary Wassurе his keys Wеrеnot in his poсkеt.
Gary was surе...........
d) Whеn he was youngеr David playеd tеnnis.
David |
....tеnnis whеn hе Wasyoungеr. |
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е) Last summеrlJulia got up еarly еvеry morning. |
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Last summеr,Julia usеd to |
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....еarly еvеry morning. |
0 Wе missеd thе bus so wе took a taxi. |
........thе bus. |
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Wе took a taxi bесausе............... |
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g) In thosе days,wе spеnt thе summеr in thе mountains. |
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In thosе days,wе |
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....thе summеr in thе mountains. |
6 Combine thе two sentenсesto make one sentenсе.Use when and the past perfeсt.
a) I washеd and got rеady.I wеnt out to mееt my friеnds.
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r%lу,''I .. N.pntt!'.'p|у!,3.цl. |
..еt',|wу.,Irtrд4.t'... |
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...Wkуэ.!.d...WN.kl.g.уId..!!.t |
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b) I knеw muсh morе about thе job. I visitеd thеir offiсеs.
с) I lookеd at thе nеw drеssfor agеs.I asked how muсh it сost.
d) I fеlt muсh morе indеpеndеnt. I passеdmy driving tеst.
е) Annе Wеnt on holiday. Shе savеdеnough monеy.
f) Thе tеam finally won thе matсh. Thеy ran round thе pitсh to сеlеbratе.
1 9
GRAмniAR |
6 PREsЕNт PERFEст 1 |
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Complеtion |
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Wе oftеn usе thе prеsеnt pеrfесtwhеn wе dеsсribеhow many things arе |
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соmplеtеd so far. |
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I,ve reаd а hundredpаgesofthis book. |
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An еxaсt timе is not mеntionеd. |
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Пmе exprеssions |
ever,пever |
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Wе usе evеrand пeverwherr wе ask or talk about our еxpеriеnсеs in lifе. |
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Hоvе you ever eаtеn|аpаnesefood? |
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No, I,veneуer eаtепit. |
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yеt, so fоr and аlreаdу |
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Wе usе yet in quеstions and nеgativе sеntеnсеs.It has a similar mеaning to |
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so fаr (or,up to now,), whiсh is usеd in quеstions and positivе sеntеnсеs. |
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Hаve уou ftnishеd this bookуet? No, I,m oп pаge56' |
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How mаnу pаgeshаvеуou reаd?I,ve reаd 56 pаgesso fаr. |
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Wе usе аlrеаdуin positivе sеntеnсеsto dеsсribеan aсtion whiсh happеnеd |
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bеforе. |
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When аre уou goiпg to ftnish your lеttеr? |
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I,ve аIreаdv writteп it. |
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just |
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Wе usе iust whеn wе desсribеa very rесеnt evеnt. |
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Саthу hаs iust phoned fтom the аirport. |
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Frеquеnсy advеrbs:аlwаys,oftепetс. |
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Frеquenсy advеrbsthat arе usеd with thе prеsеnt simplе сan also bе usеd |
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with thе prеSеntpеrfесt. |
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He hаs аIwауs loved уou. |
(a statе) |
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Wе hаve often visited Spаiп. |
(а rеpеatеd еvent) |
for arrdsinсe
pr dеsсribеsthе lеngth of a timе pеriod. Tom hаs worked herefor three months.
sinсedеsсribеsthе point whеn thе timе pеriod startеd. Tom hаs уlorkеd heresinсe |uIу 10th.
z-J.
lNтER]y|EDlAтЕ LANGUAGЕ PRACтlсE
Puteaсhverbintoa formof the presentperfесtsimple.
a) What,sthе mattеr?(youсut).' |
...H.qtug'.Y.q.!t..9!4lyoursеlf?............ |
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b) |
I (havе) |
.... a hеadaсhе еvеr sinсе lunсhtimе. |
с) |
Nadia (nеvеr sее) ............ |
any Сhinеsе films. |
d) |
Somеonе (stеal) |
.... Мr Grant,s bikе. |
е) |
Thе passеngеrsarе tirеd bесausе thеy (not slееp) ......... |
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all night. |
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I'm afraid wе (just brеak) |
....your window. Sorryl |
g) |
David (not win) |
.... a prize this timе, I,m afraid. |
h) |
(you еvеr еat) |
.... Spanish food? It,s grеat! |
Complеte what еaсh speaker says.
b)
g&.W..ryИrr'i9d....... |
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we ..,.V..?.'.h |
for |
twеnty-fivе wondеrful yеars!
d)
е)
my
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