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The graduates of the faculty work on designing civil, industrial, and public buildings, at construction technology of the buildings, they work as building engineers, architects and managers.

5.	Answer the questions.
1.	What specializations are trained at the faculty?
С
2.	What specialized subjects contribute to the training of building specialists?
3.	What are the most commonly used building materials?
4.	What elements does the house consist of?
5.	What are the supplement facilities by constructing a building?
и
6.	What does construction physics deal with?
7.	Where can the graduates of the faculty work?
6.	Put the verbs in brackets into the required form.

1.The Civil engineering faculty (to train) the students in three qualifications.

2.Three specializations (to give) the students of the faculty.

3.A great number of specialized subjects (to study) by the students of the faculty.

4.The students (to teach) to calculate the loads effecting the buildings.

5.All this (to constitute) such subjects as Building Mechanics and Strength of Materials.

6.Each building (to consist) of various parts.

7.The buildings can (to build) from various materials.

8.The students (to listen) to different courses of lectures.

9.A lot of general educational subjects (to include) in the curriculum of the faculty.

10.Various utilities (to foresee) by constructing any building.

11.The qualification of the manager (to meet) requirements of many enterprises.бАД

7. Learn the following special terms. Find Иthese words in the text «Burj

Khalifa», write out three sentences with them and translate them into Russian.

wing – крыло дома, флигель

setback – уступ фасада, пологий выступ в стене cross section – поперечное сечение

core – сердцевина, остов, ядро spire – шпиль

to sway – качаться, наклоняться bundled tube – пучок труб

buttress – контрфорс, подпорка, опора to reinforce – усиливать, укреплять

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cladding – наружная обшивка, покрытие glazing – глазурование, застекление, лакировка stainless steel – нержавеющая сталь

spandrel panel – подоконная стеновая панель; панель перемычки tubular – трубчатый

fin – ребро

Сantiglare shield – антибликовый фильтр (панель) pile – свая, столб

rebar – арматурный стержень

cure – выдерж вать, пропаривать (бетонные блоки)

и8 Read the text, write out and translate technical terms into Russian.

Prepare rendering the text (look the Appendix I).

бАBURJ KHALIFA

Burj Khalifa ("Khalifa Tower"), known as Burj Dubai before its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the tallest man-made structure in the world, standing at 829.8 m (2,722 ft). Construction began on 6 January 2004. The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer.

The building's design incorporates cultural and historical elements particular to the region such as theДspiral minaret. The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light. As the tower rises from the flat desert base, there are 27 setbacks in a spiralling pattern, decreasing the cross section of the tower as it reaches toward the sky and creating convenient outdoor terraces. At the top, the central core emergesИand is sculpted to form a finishing spire. At its tallest point, the tower sways a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft).

Burj Khalifa uses the bundled tube design. To support the unprecedented height of the building, the engineers developed a new structural system called the buttressed core, which consists of a hexagonal core reinforced by three buttresses that form the ‘Y' shape. This structural system enables the building to support itself laterally and keeps it from twisting.

The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes of structural steel. The cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's extreme summer temperatures, and consists of 142,000 m2 of reflective glazing, and aluminium and textured stainless steel spandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. The architectural glass provides solar and thermal performance as well as an anti-glare shield for the intense desert sun, extreme

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desert temperatures and strong winds. In total the glass covers more than 174,000 m2.

The Burj Khalifa's water system supplies an average of 946,000 L of water per day through 100 km of pipes. An additional 213 km of piping serves the fire emergency system, and 34 km supplies chilled water for the air conditioning system.

СOver 45,000 m3 of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre diameter x 43 m long, buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. Burj Khalifa's construction used 330,000 m3 of concrete and 55,000 иtonnes of steel rebar, and construction took 22 million man-hours.

The consistency of the concrete used in the project was essential. It was difficult to create a concrete that could withstand both the thousands of tonnes bearing down on it and Persian Gulf temperatures that can reach 50 C. To combatбАthis problem, the concrete was not poured during the day. Instead, during the summer months ice was added to the mixture and it was poured at night when the air is cooler and the humidity is higher. A cooler concrete mixture cures evenly throughout and is therefore less likely to set too quickly and crack.

The opening of Burj Khalifa was held on 4 January 2010. A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. The sky lobbies on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools. Floors through to 108 have 900 private residential apartments.

The highest outdoor observationДdeck in the world is on the 148th floor at 555 m (1,821 ft), the second observation deck, named At the Top, is on the 124th floor, at 452 m.

A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed. The elevators have a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin, the fastest rising and descending at up

9.Find English equivalents of the followingИwords and expressions in the previous text.

Жилой, наружный, внутренний, фундамент, форма строения (модель), терраса, ваять, сбоку, кручение, отражающий, по всей площади, затвердевать, трескаться, вестибюль, смотровая площадка.

10.Translate the words given and form synonymous pairs.

Wonder, sacred, increase, create, protect, ancient, total, build, amazing, hold, embrace, make up, holy, support, famous, grow, eternal, occupied,

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raise, engaged, miracle, construct, believe, antique, beautiful, prominent, cover, erect, defend, organize, wonderful, form, pharos, everlasting, turn out, back, suppose, found, accomplishment, fine, comprise, masterpiece, complete, lighthouse, achievement, chef d’oeuvre, whole, prove, include, compile.

Сstupidity, come, irrigate.

11. Form pairs of opposites.

Modern, reduce, destroy, famous, equal, drain, leave, armed, wisdom, unlike, increase, ancient, like, disarmed, unknown, construct, unequal,

и12. Read the text Wonders of the ancient world and translate it.

WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD

comprisesбАthe seven most impressive monuments of the ancient world, some of them survived only to the Middle Ages. Six out of the seven Ancient Wonders do not exist now. Only the Pyramids, including that of Cheops, stood the test of time.

Although most people know that there are seven wonders of the ancient world, only a few can name them.

The original list of the Seven Ancient Wonders was compiled around the II century B.C. Unfortunately, it was destroyed with the Alexandria Library.

As to the final list, it was compiled in the Middle Ages. The list

For their builders, the Seven Ancient Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power and science. For us, they reflect the ability of humans to change the surrounding landscape by building those massive, yet

had a practical use. And the Temple of Artemis was recognized the most beautiful of all the ancient wonders.

beautiful structures.	Д
Of all the Wonders the Alexandria Lighthouse was the only one that
	И

The list of the Seven Ancient Wonders comprises:

1) The Pyramids of Cheops (Egypt, III millennium B.C.)

This gigantic structure near the ancient city of Memphis was being raised for 20 years. More than 100,000 workers were engaged in its construction. Its height was about 150 m. The total weight of the pyramid was almost 6.5 million tons.

The pyramid was faced with the snow white limestone plates and served as a tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops). The pyramid was amazing in the sun’s rays. It outshone all the Egypt pyramids built before and ranked as the tallest structure on the earth for more than 43 centuries.

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2) The Semiramis’s Hanging Gardens (Babylon, VI century B.C.) According to the legend, Nebuchadnezzar II, king if Chaldea, arranged

these beautiful hanging gardens on the banks of the Euphrates river (96 km south of Baghdad) for his beloved wife, the Persian tsarevna, to please her.

The gardens rose in terraces, supported by the arches, to the height of 300 feet. They were irrigated from the reservoir built at the top, to which Сwater was lifted from the river Euphrates. The gardens were filled with the

finest flowers and rare plants from different countries of the world. They were very beautiful and had no equals in the world of those days. They were named after Semiramis, a Queen of Assyria and a legendary foundress of Babylon and many other cities, a woman of great wisdom and beauty.

и3) The Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Greece, IV century B.C.)

In 323 B.C. Alexander the Great of Macedonia with his victorious troops entered Babylon on his way to Egypt and further to Europe. But he never left it, because he died in the Hanging Gardens built by the Chaldean

TheбАgrateful Greeks raised the most beautiful temple to Zeus, the Greek Farther of Gods, with his giganticДstatue (12m), carved by the great sculptor Phidias, that was recognized as the third wonder of the world. Its trace has been lost except for the reproduction on coins.

king.

Zeus was the most loved God in the ancient Greece. According to the

legend, he lived on the mountain of Olympus. It was just the place, where the ancient Olympic Games were held. The Greeks believed that it was Zeus himself who left these Games to them. No armed man could invade this sacred land. During the Games all wars stopped, bringing everlasting peace to Olympia.

4) The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus (Greece, IV century B.C.)

It was the most beautiful and largest temple in Asia Minor made of the white marble. The temple was dedicated to Artemis,Иthe Greek goddess of

hunting and wild nature, and was recognized as the fourth wonder of the world.

5) The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (Caria, IV century B.C.)

The famous tomb of the king Mausolus, Persian satrap of Caria, built in Halicarnassus amazed the ancient world’s people with its dimensions and magnificence. It was so much unlike all the tombs built before, that people called it “a mausoleum” (i.e. “massive tomb”) after their satrap Mausolus.

This tomb became the world’s first mausoleum. It was raised by the famous Greek architects Pythius and Satyros. Its construction was finished after the king’s death. The tomb’s total height was 22 m.

6) The Lighthouse of Alexandria or the Pharos of Alexandria (Egypt, Alexandria, III century B.C.)

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Among all the towns in the world conquered by Alexander of Macedonia and named after him, the Egypt Alexandria is the most famous one. It was here, on the island of Pharos, where the gigantic lighthouse was built by Ptolemy at the end of the III century B.C.

The lighthouse was faced with the white marble plates and towered over the land for 130 m. It was the world’s first tower with a signal light and

Сwas recognized as one of the wonders of the world.

7) The Colossus of Rhodes (Rhodes, III century B.C.)

In 305 B.C. Demetrius, the tsar of Asia Minor, tried to conquer the island-town of Rhodes. But its people prayed Helios, the God of Sun, to иprotect them and promised to raise his statue.

According to the legend, Helios protected the people of Rhodes and they built his gigantic statue near the harbor of the Mediterranean island. It was a beautiful 40 m statue covered with bronze (12 tons) that was destroyed

13.Find бАEnglish equivalents of the following word combinations in the previous text.

1) Чудеса света; 2) высота, общийДвес; 3) возводить много лет; 4)°заняты строительством; 5) превосходить построенные ранее пирамиды; 6)°устроить «висячие сады»; 7) облицовывать белым мрамором; 8)°орошать из резервуара; 9) поднимать воду; 10)°поддерживать

арками; 11) возвести прекрасный храм; 12)°признавать чудом; 13)°Галикарнасский мавзолей; 14) поражатьИразмерами и величием; 15)°знаменитые архитекторы; 16)°защищать/спасать людей; 17)°возвышаться над землей; 18)°разрушить землетрясением; 19)°выдержать испытание временем; 20)°не сохраниться; 21)°способность людей менять окружающий пейзаж; 22)°создавать уникальные памятники.

14.Complete the following sentences.

1.The ancient historians and travelers described …

2.The gigantic pyramid of Cheops was being raised for many years by …

3.It outshone all the Egypt pyramids …

4.“Hanging gardens” were arranged by the Babylon tsar for his wife and were named after …

5.The ancient Olympic Games were held in …

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6.	The Greeks believed that the Games were left them by …
7.	They raised a beautiful temple to Zeus with his gigantic statue that was
recognized as ….
8.	The largest temple made of white marble in Greece was dedicated to …
9.	The massive tomb raised for the Persian satrap was called by the ancient
people …
С
10.		The world’s first lighthouse was built on …
11.		The gigantic statue of Helios, the God of Sun, built by the people of
Rhodes, is known as …
12.		The original list of the Seven Ancient Wonders was compiled in …
и
13. Six out of the seven wonders didn’t …
14.		The only ancient wonder that stood the test of time is …
15.		All the ancient wonders reflect the ability of humans to change …
15.		Answer the questions.

1.How many wonders of the ancient world do you know?

2.What country does the Cheops pyramid belong to?

3.How many years was it being built?

4.And what about the number of workers engaged in its construction?

5.What were the pyramid’s height and weight?

6.Who arranged “the Hanging gardens”?

7.Who was Zeus?

8.Why was the Greek temple of Artemis recognized as the world’s wonder?

9.What do you know about the world’s first lighthouse?

10.What statue did the people of Rhodes raise?

11.Which of the ancient wonders stood the test of time?

12.What did the wonders mean for the ancient people?

13.And what about us?

14.What made these creations “wonders”?бАД

		И
16. Translate these related words and define their part of speech by their
word-forming elements.
1.	accomplish – accomplished – accomplishment;
2.	arrangement – arrange – arranger;
3.	characterization – characterize – characteristically;
4.	conscious – consciousness – unconsciously;
5.	create – creator – creative – creation – created – creatively;
6.	dedicate – dedicated – dedication – dedicatory;
7.	describe – descriptive – description – described;
8.	determination – determine – determinative – determined;
9.	dimensional – dimension – one-dimensional;

10. favour – favourable – favourite – favoured;

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11.	founder – found – foundress – foundation – founded;
12.	grateful – gratefulness – gratefully;
13.	hanging – hang – hangar;
14.	invade – invasion – invaded – invader;
15.	magnificent – magnificence;
16.	promise – promised – promising;
С
17.	recognize – recognition – recognizable;
18.	similar – similarity – similarly;
19.	weight – weightless – weigh – weightlessness;
20.	wonder – wonderful – wonderment – wonderfully.
17. Become acquainted with the content of the text and give its summary.
	THE MODERN WORLD WONDERS
	Over 2,000 years have passed since the seven wonders of the ancient
иworld were recognized and listed. Now, on the threshold of the third
millennium, our view of the world is characterized by an increasing global
consciousness. That is why it is high time to determine new symbols of the
most outstanding human accomplishments, covering the last two thousand
years.
	Of course, it is impossible to remember or know all of them, but the
most wonderful ones are worth mentioning. They are: the Athens Acropolis
	Д

(the sacredбАplace of the gods) with its center – the Parthenon (the temple of the Virgin Athena, Greece); the famous “Leaning Tower” of Pisa and Rome Coliseum (Italy); the beautiful castles on the Loire and the Eiffel Tower

(France); the Panama canal that joined the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans (Panama); the grandiose stone figure of Jesus Christ (the Statue of Christ the Redeemer, Brazil); the Golden Gates Bridge andИthe Statue of Liberty (USA); the Channel Tunnel (Britain/ France); the Suez Canal, that linked the Red and the Mediterranean Seas, and the Egypt sphinxes and pyramids; the Great Wall of China and the amazing Moslem mosques; the magnificent Cathedrals, Kremlins and Palaces of Russia, the famous Tsar-Bell and TsarCannon and the highest Woman Statue in the world known as the Statue of Mother Russia (85m) on the Mamayev Kurgan (Russia); the ancient bathhouses of India and many, many others, plenty of them, created in different periods and by different nations.

They are the masterpieces of human genius and new wonders of the world. But there were only Seven Wonders of the World. That’s why people decided to apply the words “the eighth wonder” to everything they liked best of all, everything that was very beautiful, unusual, unique or amazing. Sometimes they use these words as irony.

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18. Describe one of the new 7 Seven Wonders of the World that was named on the 7th of July 2007 in Lisbon. In 2007 more than 100 million people voted to declare the New Seven Wonders of the World. The following list of seven winners is presented without ranking, and aims to represent global heritage.

1)	The Great Wall of China;
2)	Christ the Redeemer Statue (Rio de Janeiro);
3)	Machu Picchu (Peru);
4)	Chichen Itza (Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico);
5) The Roman Colosseum (Rome);
6)	Taj Majal (Agra, India);
С
7)	Petra (Jordan).

и Use this planбАand prepare its presentation.

1) name;

2) location;

3) historical details;

4) interesting facts;

5) exterior/interior;

6) your impressions.

19. Read the text and perform the tasks.

1.The architect is a person trainedДand experienced in the design of buildings and the coordination and supervision of all aspects of the construction of buildings. When the architect designs a structure,Иhe uses the cumulative knowledge of centuries. There are many consultant experts – structural engineers, services engineers and other sub-contracted specialists working to the architect's design. The architect functions now extend into town planning and work activities that need buildings.

2.Town planning or urbanism is the preparation of plans for the regulated growth and improvement of towns or the organization of land and buildings for group living. It is a cooperative process in which architects, economists, engineers, lawyers, landscape architects, doctors, sociologists, surveyors or topographers and other specialists take part. In town planning there are different street patterns: gridiron, radial, ring and functional (or organic).

3.According to the International Union of Architect (IUA or UIA) at present there are more than 800.000 fully qualified architects in the world. In the highly developed countries there is one architect per two or three thousand

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people. In the developing countries there is only one architect per 500,000 or 1,000,000 people.

4. The architect's sphere of knowledge is constantly expanding. He has to combine art, advanced technology, science and economics in his work. The structure an architect creates should give us pleasure, sense of beauty. The main problem facing the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature

Сand landmarks of bygone days.

1) Define, which statement conforms to the text content.

a) The main task of architecture today is how to combine art, science and

иd) Architects usually fulfill their duties solely in accordance with the knowledge they have.

economics in the work.

b) Urbanism is the elaboration of plans for the development and

modernization of towns.

c) There are more architects in the developing countries than in the highly developed ones.

2) Answer the question: Why is urban design a cooperative elaboration? a) Because a lot of architects from different countries participate in it.

b) Because ordinary people design a future city for themselves.
c) Because a lot of specialists in different fields participate in it.
d) Because a lot of architects participate in this elaboration.
	Д
3) CompleteбАthe statement according to the text.
City planners …
a) conflict with nature and landmarks;		И
b) improve town and regulate its growth;

c) hire specialists working in different fields; d) build constructions for group living.

4) Choose the right wording of the main idea of the text.

a)The architect is a person trained and experienced in the design of buildings and the coordination and supervision of all aspects of the construction of buildings and who uses cumulative knowledge of centuries.

b)The architect is a person who constantly expands his knowledge using information from spheres of science, economics, advanced technology and others to make people’s life comfortable and beautiful.

c)The architect is a person experienced in the design and construction of a building and many other spheres and who works together with other specialists to make people’s life comfortable without any harm to nature.

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