IV. Work in pairs. Choose the correct verb form. Translate the sentences

Into Russian.

1. We (are translating, translate) a technical text now.

2. We usually (are not translating, do not translate) stories.

3. She ( does not look, is not looking) through all the newspapers every evening.

4. He (looked, was looking) through a newspaper when the telephone rang.

5. I (watch, am watching) TV every day.

6. What (were, was) you doing a minute ago? I (was watching, watched) television.

7. He had a late night. He (worked, was working) until midnight.

8. Yesterday he (worked, was working) a lot.

V. Change Simple verb forms into Continuous ones. Use the words now,

when I came, look, yesterday. Translate the sentences in writing and

discuss them with your partner.

1. She prepares her lessons in the evening every day.

2. She prepared her lessons yesterday.

3. She is tired, she will prepare her lessons tomorrow.

4. Students make experiments at the University laboratories.

5. Petrov analyzed the result of his research yesterday.

6. Water boils at 100°C.

7. The assistant wrote down the results of all the experiments yesterday.

VI. Put the sentences into Past Continuous Passive. Translate them into Russian.

Model: A new house is being built in our street.

A new house was being built in the centre.

1. New Metro lines are being constructed in Moscow.

2. This difficult problem is still being solved by him.

3. What questions are being discussed at the meeting now?

4. Who is being examined last?

5. A documentary film is being shown for the first-year students.

6. Can anybody tell me what is being done in room 344?

7. Why isn’t he being asked now?

8. Much is being done to beautify Voronezh.

VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Concrete.

Concrete [`kOnkri:t] - бетон, бетонировать

Hardening [`ha:dniŋ] - твердение

Acid-resistant [`æsid] - кислотостойкий

Fire-resistant [faiƏ] - огнестойкий

Building site [`sait] - строительная площадка

Monolithic = in-situ [in­'saitju:] - монолитный

Precast [pri`kast] - сборный

To influence [`influens] - влиять на, воздействовать

Water-cement ratio [`rei∫iou] - водоцементное отношение

Quality [`kwOliti] - качество

Supporting elements [sƏ`po:tiŋ] - опорные элементы

Slab [slæb] - плита

VIII. Read and translate the text Concrete.

Concrete is one of the constructive building materials, which led to great innovations: reinforced concrete.

It was used by the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans in the construction of roads, tunnels, bridges, town walls and underwater structures. Some of them have survived, for example, the Pantheon. This famous building stands today in the business district of Rome – much as it was built 18 centuries ago.

As cement was not known in those times, concrete was made of clay and later of gypsum and lime. At present concrete is made by mixing water, cement and aggregates usually sand, gravel and crushed stone.

There are four stages in producing concrete: 1) preparing the raw materials. 2) their mixing. 3) forming and 4) hardening. The resulting material is strong, durable, heavyweight or lightweight, acid-, fire- and corrosion-resistant.

There are different kinds of concrete: lightweight, dense, super-heavy, extra-lightweight, high strength etc. The kind of concrete depends on the aggregates used.

Concrete may be prepared at the building site and is called monolithic or in-situ concrete. It may be prepared at a factory and is called precast. Precast concrete elements are manufactured in a variety of sizes, shapes and lengths.

The strength of any concrete is influenced by the following factors:

• the activity of cement; • the quality of aggregates;

• the water-cement ratio; • the hardening conditions.

Prefabrication (сборное строительство) offers the customers:

• opportunities for good architecture;

• reduced energy consumption due to the heat in the concrete mass;

• environmentally friendly way of building;

• cost effective solutions especially when using modular design.

Concrete today is widely used in construction:

1. for residential buildings, hydraulic engineering structures.

2. for bearing elements: beams, floors, slabs, foundation units, sandwich panels, stairs and facades.

In conclusion I’d like to say that concrete is one of the main building materials in construction world.

Besides concrete structures are economic, safe and sound=strong.