Обучение чтению литературы на английском языке по специальности «Обработка металлов давлением» (120

Московский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана

Н.Н. Прозоровская, С.Л. Коновалова

ОБУЧЕНИЕ ЧТЕНИЮ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

НА АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ ПО СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТИ «ОБРАБОТКА МЕТАЛЛОВ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ»

Методические указания

о с к в а
Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана	1
2 0 1 1

УДК

.0

ББК

81802. Англ-923

П79

Рецензент И.В. Стасенко

П79

Прозоровская Н.Н.

языке по

Обучение чтению литературы на

«Обработка материалов дав ен

ем» :

.

во МГТУ м. Н.Э. Баумана, 2011. — 24,английском[4] . : ил.

указания / Н Н.

еобход м й

С.Л. Коновалова. — Мметод.:Из -

специальностияющие овлад ь

минологиейоригинальныеп специальн с и,

Метод ческиеПрозоровская,указан

-техн

че

на анг

ратуры,

лексическиепон

перевода науч

й ли

также усовершеманствовасодержать навыки устной речи.

ийском

языке,

грам атические

ражнения, п зво

Для

старших курсов факультета «Машинотекстытроитель

ныезвитьхно ог и»,

обучающихся по специальности «Обработка ме-

таллов давнавыкистудентовл ем».

Рекомендовано Учебно-методической комиссией НУК ФН МГТУ

им. Н.Э. Баумана.

УДК

.0

ББК 81.802 Англ-923

2	МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2011

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

ми основных разделов

Мет дич ские указания состоят из

(Unit) одного

(Supplement).

тесты на английс

Ос овные разд лы включают

ком языке,

техниче кие

терми ы, ригинальные

хн

ие

упражнения, способдополнительногоующ усвоению

ой

лексики, усовершенств

навыков п ревода

пересказа, раз-

витию

устной ованиюречи,

такжелексическзакр плен ю грамматических

структур.

осто

из двух част й.

Дополнительный раздел Supplement

навыковподаче материала я ляется пред

тавлен

образцов зада

Новымний виде

предв

яющих тексты

для

вая часть),

та же речевые мо ели для презентацспециальной(в ая часть).

Методичесинструкций,ие указания

дресованы

студентампересказаарших (перку

сов, обучающимся по специальности «Обработка металлов давле- нием».

3

Unit 1. METAL WORKING TECHNOLOGIES

I. Remember the following words:

obsolete xDlДлидбWнz — устар вший

reciprocating weight — возвратно-поступательное движение

stem from (v) —

за счет

массы

из

вергать удару

und (v) xé~ìåÇz —

ogress (v) —

протекапроисходитьбивать,происходить

to be am

able xèDãáWå

Ääz — поддавать я

int rmitten

x?áåíèDãáíEèFåíz —

тый, пульсирующий

precipitation — осадкообразован е,

осаждение, оседание

kneading — размешивание, размпрерывинание

xêáDëÉëíz — углубленный

recessedII. Rea and translate the text.

metal

by using localized

c

Forging

is

the

Forgingg

om temp

forc

. C ld

at room

near

ur .

Hotermforging is done

at high

ure, which

tal

asier to shape and leshapilik ly to fracture. Warm

is

at int rmediate

temp rature

room

temperaturesand

ot

forgingmpressivemperatures. Forg

partsbetweencan ra ge in weight from less

er

makesdone

log am to 170 metr c tons. Forged parts us

requireforgingurt

ing to achieve a fin shed part.

oldest k

own

etal

History. Forging

ne of

the

processes. It was done historically by a smith usinuallyg hammerworkingandthan anvil, and though the use of water power in the production and

4

of iron date to the 12

th

century, the hamm

and anvil are not

bsolete.

industrial forging isevolveddone

her wi

or with ham

powereand

by compressed air, elec ricity, hydraulicspresses

team. These

sh

s

The smithy

has

over

centuri

he forge

with

engineered proc sses, production equipme

t, tooling, raw mat

ials

products to

meet the

mands of modern industry. In

od

n tim s

presses

are

common

art

smithies

as

well. Steam

hammers

re

large,

ving reciprocati g

weights

in

usa

ds

of pounds. Smal er

ower hammers, 500 pou ds or less r ciprthocating weight, and hydraulic

stronger than cast or

machined

p rts. This stems from the grain

becoming obsolete.

sults in metal that is

Advantages and disadvantages. Forging

flow caused through

orging. Asmetalthe

tal is pounded the grains deform

he part. Some modern parts take advantage of this for

high strength-

to-weight ratio.

grains are unb oken throughout

follow the shape of the part, thus th

Many metals are

cold, but iron

nd its

alloys

almost

ways forged hot. Thisforgedis

first, if work hardening were

allowed

to

progress,

hard

materialsreasons:uch

as

ir

and

st

would

extremely

difficult

to

work with; secondly,

areel

ble to

becomeomical to

and then

treat

Alloys that

can also

be hot forge d, then hard ned.

Other

materialsamenust

stre gthened by other meanstwo

an

cold

working, thus

it

s

mor

precipitation

, such as

alloys of aluminum

nd titcannium,

Open andhardeninclos forginge operationmostcan be used

forgi

g. In open-dibe

trengthened by

pr cesseati self.

forging dies are either flat

rounded. Large forgings can be formed by

Hydraulic presses and

forging machin s are both employed in

lo

successive appli ations of force on different parts of the material.

impres ions,

which

are machined into the top and bottoms dies. As

Flash,

. In

losed-die

forging

the

metal

is

trapped

in

cessed

excesstogether,metal

is sq

ut

the dies.impressionsCl d

dimensforgingonal

tolerances

can be held with closed shapesdi forgings and

the

dieth dies

press

final

the

is fo ced to fill the

.

forgi .

The

hape

materialueezedthe improvbetweenment

of

metallurgical

propert es

are

dep ndent

on

the

skill

of

the operator.

Closer

can produce parts with

more

compl x

than

op

n-die

operator requires less skills.

5

Forging is divided into three

m thods: hammer, press, and

lled types.

ethod for individu l

Hammer Forging (Flat Die) ismainpref rred

ings. The haping of metal, or

other

m terial,

occurs

y

instantaneous

application

of

p essure

to

relatively

mall

area.

A hammer or a

m, delivering inter

ittent blows to the section to

be

for

ed, applies this pressure. A hammer is dropped from its maximum

height, usually

ra ed by steam or air pressure. Hammer forgi

g can

duce

wide variety of shapes and sizes. The disadvantage of this

process is

be

machining is often req

as close dimensional

tolerances

.

whe

slow continuous

u

is

Press Forgifinish

to

tothat

area to be

. The pressuuired,will extend deep nto th

material andcannotbe cobtainedpletedkneading,ther cold or hot. Press for ing pressmore

ec n mical

than

similarerforgedging

( x

pt

when dealing

with l w

umb rs), and

can be

. A

reater

proappliedrtion of the w rk donecloseris ansmittedtolerancesthe workpi ce, differing from

at uctif

hammeringoperation, where

uch of the work is

absorbedpro

by

th

machine

and

fo

.

method can also be us

larger forgings, as there is no limitation in the size of machin .

n roll forging undationbar stock, round or flat, is placobtainedbe ween ucedi

rollers, which reduces the crossThis-

c

and increases the lengtoh.

III. Answer the following qu

stions.

orging do you know? 3. What

1. What is forging? 2. What types of

are the advantages and disadvantages

f forgin ? 4. How is hammer

done? 5. In what way does hammer

differ from press

forging? 6. What types of presses are employedforgingclosed die forging?

7. Can you compare parts produced by

pen and closed die opera ions?

. Look th ough the text once more and tell about the history of

forging.

Revision).

IV Grammar tasks (Ten

Russian.

A. Translate the following sentences from English

1. During the upward

stroke

the piston of the w

king cylinder

compresses the air in the upper part of the cylinder andintof rces it through

6

the upper channel

the working cylinder. 2. The

of the blow is

controlled by the handle which adjusts the work offorceth v lve system.

great

attent on into

in

micro-system

techno ogy.

4.

manufacturing in Can da.5. When we come to t

laboratoryResearchnew

3. Recently the production

hnology of miniature parts h

been pa d

etallurgical

is being conducted at the cent r for automotiveutomotiveteri

mproveme

te of

um

loys

for

developing

bending process of sheetmagnesital laminate materials.

forgi

machine will have been inst ll d there.6. The non-ferrous metal

castings had

en made when we rriv d. 7. At present scientists are

B. Translate the sentences into English.

часто

1.

При

ковке

в

закрытых

штампах

завод для

с процессом высокоскоростнойзаготовкашт мповки.

обрабатывается за один

абочий ход.2. Вчера нас приг сили на

формах цветныхзнакомствамет ллов. 4. Посм

трите, как рабогочие

3. На лекции студ нты узнали мн го интерес

с ойствах

орячую обработку

металлов.

5.

К

концу

годавыполняютй

гидра лический пресс будет установлен

на нашем за де. 6. Завтра

целый

день

мы

работать

над

производство

чистовых

ручьев. 7. Мы освоибудем

технологию

безоблойной

штамповки

к

концу квартала.

Unit 2. METAL W RKING TECHNOLOGIES.

FIELDS OF APPLICATION

I. Remember the following words.

fitting — арматура

товары, металлические изделия,

hardware —

скобяныеинструм нт

ord ance xDlWЗеиелz — артиллерийские орудия

onnecting rod — шатун

c utch hub — втулка муфты

differential gear — дифференциальная передача, центральная

шестерня

7

fitting industry — сборочная промышленность

— кувалда, молот, сани

sledgewr nchxDéä~áèòzxêÉåíp — гаечный ключ

pli rs

плоскогубцы

off-highw y — вездеход, внедорожник

account for — объяснять

material handling — загрузка материалов

elbow xDЙдДимz — колено трубы

implement of defense — ужие защиты

porosity xélWDêlëáíáz — пористость

block — шкив

missile xDãáë~áäz — ракета, реактивный снаряд

rifle triggers xDнкбЦиz — спусковой крючок винтовки

shell — гильза патрона

II. Read and translate the text.

Common Applications of Forged

applicat ons; off-

ghway/railroad equipment;handComponentstools d hardw re;

Forged components are widely used nowadays in

u

trucks;

co

ultural machinery and eq

valves, fit omobilesgs; oil fiel

pone ts are

ommonly found at points ofaerospock and stres .

generalagricndustrial

quipment;

hipbuildi

g;

ce.

and

The ch racteri tics of forged parts —

gth,

reli bility

economy

ake them ideal for vital

tomotive

nd truck

applications

Anot er

commo

applicationordnance;is in power-strein,

where conne ting

truck applicatiotransmission. Striverngth, toughness and economy are also imputortant

ds,

and

ge rs,

differenti

drive shafts,

clutch hubs and u

joints are

often forged. Although

typic lly

Forgedf

f

carbon or alloyed steel, other materialsgears,uch as aluminum

and micro-alloyed ste l

are seeing great adva ces in forged a

and

sledges, wforgingse ches and

g den

tools,are common

xamples. Surgical

in farm implements.

p operties

freedom from

use

ir uperior

beenBecama k of q

lity inoftenhamechanicald nd hardwar . Pliers, hammers,

porosity,

re

associ ted with

the

high

pressure

pplications

the vshaftslve and fitting industry. F

rg

andhas traditionally

and

dental

instruments

are also often forged. Special hardware

for

8

electrical transmission

distribution li

es are commonly

for

strength, dependability and

heavy

to corrosi .

d

off-

many

uses

of

forgings

uction

variety

of

ars, l vers, shaftresistance,

constrand

ball joints. Forgings of

Strength, toughness,

d ec omy accountforged the

add ion to

a

d tra smi sion pa

forgings are u ed forhighwaywide

greapment,size enginea often foundachinabilityust

equipment and

machinery.

Typical

forged configurations

cludematerialb blanks, blocks, connecting

equ

mining equipm

, and

handling applications. In

tanks,

missiles,

ar

ored persfo spindleel rriers, rinesh

lls

d

other

heavy

rods, cylinders, discs, elbows, ri

gs.

virt

lly

every

implement of

Forged

components are

u

defense, from rifle triggers to

ubm

drive

shafts. H

rtille y

are

common

defense-rel ted

applications

of

forged

aircraftpis on-engine

aircraft and spacecraft.

components. High strength-to-weightuclear

structural reliabi ity can

. Made of various ferrous,

-ferrouspayloadan

special

alloy

ma erials,

forgings are widely

used

commercial jets,

helicopters,

II Enu

er te themilitaryst common applications of forged components.

favour bly influence performance, range,

nd

capabilities of

IV.

Grammplanes,r tasks.

A. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Modal

1. Such m thod may be

for m ny shapes as long as the metal

Verbs.

ued w

rking

ann aling. 2. A

d if it is

very

stands

speak about encl

sed tywithousedble-crank trimming

. 4. In rigidop

f rgingcontinumber of fo gings have to be

to the same

.

ype, metal thickness should be watched ca efully. 3. Today l cturer is

5. The time required per piece

can be reduced by making

spec al

tools. 6. The students must have known thatmadeslidepressesis up li designwith

pneumatic

balancing device. 7. Yo

ught to know that

upneumatic

balancing devices are used

presses as

counterweight.

B. T anslate t

followi

Attribute Constructions.

A cold roll forming kinowledge

basslidesystem; a double (triple)-

action press for sheet metal pressing;

free-flow squeezing operation; a

9

very good growth a ea; near-net-shape open-die forging; long r

ol

blow sequence

control;

net-shape forged product; an

advanced

life; double crank str ight

side presses; hydraulic overload prot

ction;

computer aided simulation technique.

I.

Unit 3. HAMMERS

the following words:

powRemembhammmer — механическиймолот

drop

— штамповочный

vessel — ка

ера

(низк го) давления

link-rod — шатун

по ость, резервуар

chamber xDнpЙбгДиz — камера,

tup — баба

молота, увалда молотсек,та

rigidly — жёстко,высокогостр го, неподвижно

flexible pipes — гиб ие трубы

charge (v) — (зд.) зап

лнять

II. Read and translate the text.

The

type of

Forging Equipment

on the

to

be

depends

are

d

machineryumber of piec

to be

.

Heavy

produced in difftherent types of

pressused nd light

ones byshape,mers.

Forging ha

apply force by the imp ct madeof large ram. This

aysize,b

or weight falling under them force of gravity,forgingsit

ay

material,bedropower hammer, driven by

or co pressed air. Two types of

hydraulichammerswhich can be found at the forging equipme t mark .

.

power ha

are: the

forging hammer and the drop

on double action

ir hammer,and elect

-hydraulic hammhammerforgings

The la gest

prov desteamtot l fo ce as high as 40,000 tons.

For

incre sing generalsmitheff ciency

reducing the cost of

-

workedbeen

for

many

years. There are

series

of

is easierevelopedut of order andwithis usually quite difficult to find electrout the

10

However as compared

an air hammerseveralhydraulic drive syst m