Table of Cases

A v. HM Treasury [2008] EWHC 869â 491
A v. National Blood Authority [2001] 3 All ER 289â	299, 306, 308, 310, 311, 324, 326
Aberdeen Rly Co v. Blaikie Bros (1854) 1 Macq 461â	32, 37
Abouzaid v. Mothercare (UK) Ltd [2000] All ER (D) 2436â		311, 324, 326
Accentuate Ltd v. Asigra Inc [2010] 2 All ER (Comm) 738â		17
Accident Management Limited v. Office of Fair Trading CCA/2008/0003â 287
Ace Imports Pty Ltd v. Companhia De Navegacao Lloyd Brasileiro (The Esmeralda)
(1988) 1 Lloyd’s Rep 206â 238
Actis Co Ltd v. Sanko Steamship Co Ltd (The Aquacharm) [1982] 1 WLR 119â 239
The Afovos [1983] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 335â 257
Agricultores Federados Argentinos v. Ampro SA [1965] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 290â 194
Albacora v. Westcott & Laurence Line Ltd [1966] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 53 (HL)â 240
Aldridge v. Johnson (1857) 7 E & B 885 (QB)â 73
All Russian Cooperative Society Ltd v. Benjamin Smith (1923) 14 Lloyd’s Rep 351â				193
Alliance & Leicester Building Society v. Babbs [1993] CCLR 77â			537
Allingham v. Minister of Agriculture [1948] 1 All ER 780â		32
Allison v. Bristol Marine Insurance (1876) 1 App Cas 209 (HL)â			262
Alpha Trading Ltd v. Dunnshaw-Patten Ltd [1981] QB 290â		44
Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v. Romalpa Aluminium Ltd [1976] 2 All ER 552â				122

Anangel Atlas Compania Naviera SA v. Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Ltd [1990] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 167â 37, 38

Andrews v. Ramsay [1903] 2 KB 635â 34, 39

Anglo-Danubian Transport Co Ltd v. Ministry of Food [1949] 2 All ER 1068â 248 Anglo-Russian Merchant Traders Ltd v. Batt [1917] 2 KB 679â 186

The Aquacharm [1982] 1 WLR 119â 239
Arcos Ltd v. Ronaasen & Son [1933] AC 470â	89
Armagas Ltd v. Mundogas SA [1986] AC 717â	19
Armour v. Thyssen Edelstahlwerke AG [1991] 2 AC 339â 122
Armstrong v. Jackson [1917] 2 KB 822â 29

Arnold Karberg & Co v. Blythe, Green Jourdain & Co [1915] 2 KB 379â 184

Art books case (10 Feb 1999, Commercial Court Zürich)â	203
Arthur JS Hall & Co v. Simons [2000] 3 All ER 673â 159
Asfar v. Blundell (1896) 1 QB 123 (CA)â 262
Ashington Piggeries v. Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] AC 441â	88, 90, 103

Aswan Engineering Establishment Co v. Ludpine Ltd [1987] 1 All ER 135â 93, 94, 99

Attorney General for Hong Kong v. Reid [1994] 1 AC 324â	39
AV Pound & Co Ltd v. MW Hardy [1956] AC 588â 194
B v. McDonald’s Restaurants Ltd [2000] EWHC (QB) 490â	315
Badgerhill Properties Ltd v. Cottrell [1991] BCLC 805â 25

xlviii	Table of cases

Bank of Chettinand Ltd of Colombo v. Commissioners of Income Tax, Colombo [1948] AC

378â	440
Barclays Bank v. Okenarhe [1966] 2 Lloyd’s Rep Bank 87â 446
Barclays Bank v. Taylor [1989] 1 WLR 1066 (CA)â		455
The Barenbels [1985] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 528â 84
Bartlett v. Sydney Marcus Ltd [1965] 1 WLR 1013â		98

Baxter v. Ford Motor Co 12 P 2d 409 (1932) (Supreme Court of Washington)â 285

Beale v. Taylor [1967] 1 WLR 1193â 86, 90
Beijing Metals v. American Business Center 993 F 2d 1178 (5th Cir 1993)â			201
Bentley v. Craven (1853) 18 Beav 75â 37
Bernstein v. Pamson Motors (Golders Green) Ltd [1987] 2 All ER 220â		93, 101, 109
Bertram, Armstrong & Co v. Godfrey (1830) 1 Knapp 381â 31
Beta Computers (Europe) Ltd v. Adobe Systems Ltd (1996) SLT 604â 77
Biddell Bros v. E Clemens Horst Co [1911] 1 KB 934â 188, 189
Birkenhead & District Cooperative Society v. Roberts [1970] 3 All ER 391â			342
Blakemore v. Bellamy [1982] RTR 303â 92, 322
Boardman v. Phipps [1967] 2 AC 46â 5, 35
Bock v. Gorrissen (1860) 2 De Gex, Fisher & Jones 434â 45
Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 2 All ER 118â		277
Borden (UK) Ltd v. Scottish Timber Products [1981] Ch 25â 122, 123
Borrowman, Phillips & Co v. Free and Hollis (1878) 4 QBD 500â	187
Boston Deep Sea Fishing & Ice Co v. Ansell (1888) 39 Ch D 339â	38

Boston Deep Sea Fishing & Ice Co Ltd v. Farnham (Inspector of Taxes) [1957] 3 All ER 204â 24 Bowes, Earl of Strathmore, Re v. Vane (1886) 33 Ch D 586â 47

Bramhill v. Edwards [2004] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 653 (CA)â 96, 99 The Brede [1973] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 333â 262

Bristol & West Building Society v. Mathew [1998] Ch 1â 36 Brophy v. HFC Bank [2011] EWCA Civ 67â 531

Brown, Jenkinson & Co Ltd v. Percy Dalton (1957) 2 QB 621â 266 Bryans v. Nix (1839) 4 M & W 775â 46

Budgett v. Binnington [1891] 1 QB 35â 253

Butler Machine Tool Co v. Ex-Cell-O Corpn [1979] 1 All ER 965â 66 Butterworth v. Kingsway Motors [1954] 1 WLR 1286â 81, 82, 106

Camillo Tank Steamship Co Ltd v. Alexandria Engineering Works (1921) 9 L1 L Rep 307â 50

Cammell Laird & Co Ltd v. Manganese Bronze & Brass Co Ltd [1934] AC 402â	104
Campanari v. Woodburn (1854) 15 CB 400â 55
Cape Asbestos Co Ltd v. Lloyds Bank Ltd (1921) WN 274â 225
Car and Universal Finance v. Caldwell [1965] 1 QB 535â 132
Carey v. HSBC Bank plc [2009] EWHC 3417 (QB)â 536
Carlos Federspiel & Co SA v. Charles Twigg & Co Ltd [1957] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 240â	120, 194
Cehave NV v. Bremer Handelgeselschaft (The Hansa Nord) [1976] QB 44â 88

Charge Card Services Ltd, Re [1989] Ch 497 (CA)â 451, 453 Charnock v. Liverpool Corporation [1968] 3 All ER 473â 161

Cheikh Boutros Selim El-Khoury v. Ceylon Shipping Lines (The Madeleine) [1967] 2 Lloyd’s Rep

224â	263
Cheshire & Co v. Vaughan Bros & Co [1920] 3 KB 240â 29
China-Pacific SA v. Food Corporation of India, The Winson [1982] AC 939â		25
Citibank NA v. Brown Shipley & Co Ltd [1991] 2 All ER 690â 370
Claramoda Ltd v. Zoomphase Ltd (t/a Jenny Packham) [2009] EWHC 2857â		57
Clegg v. Olle Anderson (t/a Nordic Marine) [2003] EWCA Civ 320â 109
Cochin Refineries v. Triton Shipping [1978] AMC 444â 258

xlix	Table of cases

Cohen v. Kittell (1889) 22 QBD 680â 29
Coles v. Enoch [1939] 3 All ER 327â	44
Collen v. Wright [1910] 1 KB 215â	56
Comerford v. Britannic Assurance Co Ltd (1908) 24 TLR 593â 50

Commission of the European Communities v. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland C300/95 [1997] ECR I-2649â 290, 298, 323, 324
Commission v. France C-52/00 [2002] ECR I-3827â	291
Commission v. Greece C-154/00 [2002] ECR I-3879â	291

Commissioners of Taxation v. English, Scottish and Australian Bank [1920] AC 683 (PC)â 443 Compania Naviera Vascongada v. Churchill (1906) 1 KB 237â 265

Comptoir d’Achat et de Vente Du Boerenbond Belge S/A v. Luis de Ridder Ltda (The Julia) [1949] AC 293â 186

Cooper, Mark v. Office of Fair Trading CCA/2008/0006â 287, 542

Cosmos Bulk Transport Inc v. China National Foreign Trade Transportation Co [1978] 1 Lloyd’s

Rep 52â 256
Cosslett (Contractors) Ltd, Re [1998] Ch 495â 45
Cotter v. Luckie [1918] NZLR 811â 89
Coulthard v. Disco Mix Club Ltd [2000] 1 WLR 707â			42
Coupe v. Guyett [1973] 2 All ER 1058â	344
Cremer v. General Carriers SA (The Dona Mari) [1974] 1 All ER 1â 186
Crimpfil Ltd v. Barclays Bank Plc [1995] CLC 385â		449
Cronin v. Olsen 104 Cal Rptr 433 (1972)â 286
Crouch v. Credit Foncier of England (1873) LR 8 QB 374â 216
Crowther v. Shannon Motor Co [1975] 1 All ER 139â			287
Cundy v. Lindsay (1878) 3 App Cas 459â 133, 370
Cunningham v. Munro [1922] 28 Comm Cas 42â		194
Dakin v. Oxley (1864) 15 CBNS 646â	262
Davies v. Sumner [1984] 3 All ER 831â	157
De Bussche v. Alt (1878) 8 Ch D 286â	32

De Landtsherr Emmanuel SA v. Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne, Veuve Cliquot Ponsardin SA [2007] EU ECJ, C-381/05 ECJâ 401

Demby Hamilton & Co Ltd v. Barden [1949] 1 All ER 435â 126 The Democritos [1976] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 149â 257

Denard v. Burton Retail Ltd (1997) The Times 19 Novemberâ 303 Derry v. Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337â 360

Diamond Alkali Export Corp v. Fl Bourgeois [1921] 3 KB 443â 186 Dimond v. Lovell [2000] 2 All ER 897â 526, 527

Director General of Fair Trading v. First National Bank [2000] 1 All ER 240 (Ch); [2000] QB 672;

[2001] UKHL 52; [2002] 1 AC 481â	287, 549, 550
Discount Records Ltd v. Barclays Bank Ltd [1975] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 444â 221, 224
Dixon v. Stansfieldâ 46
The Dona Mari [1974] 1 All ER 1â 186
Donoghue v. Stevenson [1932] AC 562â	273, 274, 275, 276, 278
Drew v. Nunn (1879) 4 QBD 661â 55
Drummond v. Van Ingen (1887) 12 App Cas 284â 105
Dufresne v. Hutchinson (1810) 3 Taunt 117â 29

Eagle Star Life Assurance Co Ltd v. Griggs (1997) The Independent 20 October 1997â 162 The El Amria and The El Minia [1982] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 28â 192

Elbinger AG fur Fabrication von Eisenbahn Material v. Claye (1873) LR 8 QB 313â 50 Electronic hearing aid case (14 May 1993, District Court Aachen)â 203, 204

l	Table of cases

Encyclopaedia Britannica v. Hong Kong Producer (1969) 2 Lloyd’s Rep 536â	237
Equitable Life Assurance Society v. Alan David Hyman [2000] 1 All ER 961â	422
Equitable Trust v. Dawson Partners [1927] 27 LlL Rep 49â 222
The Esmeralda (1988) 1 Lloyd’s Rep 206â 238
Esso Petroleum Ltd v. Commissioners of Customs and Excise [1976] 1 All ER 117â 73
European Asian Bank AG v. Punjab & Sind Bank (No.2) [1983] 2 All ER 508â	31
Evera SA Commercial v. North Shipping Co Ltd [1956] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 367â 248

Farr v. Butters Brothers & Co [1931] 2 KB 606â 279, 284

Fidelity National Bank v. Dade County (1979) 371 So 2d 545â 222

Filanto S.p.A. v. Chilewich International Corp 789 F Supp 1229 (SDNY 1992)â 201 Finance Select (UK) Limited v. Office of Fair Trading CCA/2008/0002â 287, 542 Fisher v. Bell [1961] 1 QB 394â 355

Flacker Shipping Ltd v. Glencore Grain Ltd (The Happy Days) [2002] EWCA Civ 1068â 252, 542 Fletcher v. Budgen [1974] 2 All ER 1243â 352, 370

Flynn v. Mackin [1974] 1 IR 101â	73
Foley v. Hill (1848) 2 HL Cas 28â	42
Forth v. Simpson (1849) 13 QB 680â		47
Foster v. Biosil (2001) 59 BMLR 178â		316, 317

Freeman & Lockyer (A Firm) v. Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480â 15, 18, 20

Freeman v. Taylor (1831) 8 Bing 124â 264

Frost v. Aylesbury Dairy Co Ltd [1905] 1 KB 608â 104

Frozen chicken case (20 Nov 1992, Appellate Court Karlsruhe)â 205

Gardiner v. Gray (1815) 4 Camp 144â 93, 274
Garnac Grain Co Inc v. H M F Faure and Fairclough Ltd [1967] 2 All ER 353 [1968]
AC 1130â 5, 6, 16
Garrett v. Boots Chemists Ltd (1980) unreported, 16 July DCâ 343
Geddling v. Marsh [1920] 1 KB 668â 287
George Wills & Sons Ltd v. Thomas Brown & Sons [1922] 12 LIL Rep 292â 193
GHSP Inc v. AB Electronic Ltd [2010] EWHC 1828 (Comm)â 66
The Giannis NK [1998] AC 605â 244, 261
Gill & Duffus v. Societe pour l’Exportation [1985] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 621â	194
Godley v. Perry [1960] 1 WLR 9â 96, 98
Gosse Millard v. Canadian Government Merchant Marine [1927] 2 KB 432â		242
Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills [1936] AC 85â 86, 93, 103, 104
Grant v. Coverdale (1884) 9 App Cas 470â 250, 261
Grant v. Norway (1851) 10 CB 665â 265
Great Western Railway v. London and County Banking Co (1901) AC 414â		443
Greaves & Co (Contractors) Ltd v. Baynham Meikle and Partners [1975] 3 All ER 99â			155, 156
Greenman v. Yuba Power Products 377 P2d 897 (1963) (Supreme Court of California)â			274,
284, 285
Griffiths v. Peter Conway [1939] 1 All ER 685 (CA)â 103
Groom (C) Ltd v. Barber [1915] 1 KB 316â 189
H (A child) v. Merck & Co Inc (2001) WL 98168â 331
Hadley v. Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341â 141, 142
Hafton Properties Ltd v. McHugh (1987) 84 LSG 342â 440
Hampshire Land Co, Re [1896] 2 Ch 743â 30
Hamzeh Malas & Sons v. British Imex Industries Ltd [1958] 2 QB 127â	221
Hansson v. Hamel & Horley Ltd [1922] 2 AC 36â 185
The Happy Days [2002] EWCA Civ 1068â 252

li	Table of cases

Hardbottle (RD) (Mercantile) Ltd v. National Westminster Bank Ltd [1978] QB 146â 218 Harlingdon & Leinster Enterprises Ltd v. Christopher Hull Fine Art Ltd [1991] 1 QB 564â 87 Harmer v. Armstrong [1934] Ch 65â 51

Harrison v. Black Horse Ltd [2010] EWHC 3152 (QB)â 546

Havering London Borough Council v. Stevenson [1970] 3 All ER 609â 91, 157 Healy v. Howlett & Sons [1917] 1 KB 337â 121

Heard v. Pilley (1868–69) LR 4 Ch App 548â 18

Heath v. Southern Pacific Mortgage Ltd [2009] EWHC 103 (Ch); [2009] 2 All ER (Comm) 687â 529

Heatons Transport (St Helens) Ltd v. Transport and General Workers’ Union [1973] AC 15â 54

Helby v. Matthews [1895] AC 471â 74, 131
Hely-Hutchinson v. Brayhead Ltd [1968] 1 QB 549â 14, 16
Henderson v. Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145â				146
Hendy Lennox (Industrial Engines) Ltd v. Grahame Puttick Ltd [1984] 2 All ER 152â							120
Henning Veedfald v. Arbus Amtskommune C-203/99 [2001] ECR I-3569â						306
Henningsen v. Bloomfield Motors 161 A 2d 69 (1960) (Supreme Court of New Jersey)â							285
Henry v. Lehman Commercial Paper Inc 471 F 3d 977 (9th Cir 2006)â					502
Heyman v. Darwins Ltd [1942] AC 356â		55
Hick v. Raymond & Reid [1893] AC 22â		253
Hing Yip Fat Co v. The Diawa Bank Ltd [1991] 2 HKLR 35â 223
Hippisley v. Knee Bros [1905] 1 KB 1â	36
Holmes v. Ashford [1950] 2 All ER 76â	279
Hong Kong Fir Shipping v. Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha [1962] 2 QB 26 (CA)â						264
Horne-Roberts v. SmithKline Beecham plc [2002] 1 WLR 1662â 331
Houghton v. Matthews (1803) 3 BOS & P 485â			47
Houlder v. GSN [1862] 3 F & F 170â 255
Hovenden and Sons v. Millhoff (1900) 83 LT 41â			38
Humberclyde Finance Ltd v. Thompson [1997] CCLR 23â 526
Industries and General Mortgage Co Ltd v. Lewis [1949] 2 All ER 573â					37, 38
ING Re (UK) Ltd v. R & V Versicherung AG [2006] 2 All ER (Comm) 870â						19
Ireland v. Livingstone (1872) LR 5 HL 395â 31–448
Isaacs and Sons (M) Ltd v. William Mcallum [1921] 3 KB 377â 256
Jackson v. Horizon Holidays [1975] 3 All ER 92 (CA)â				160
Jackson v. Rotax Motor & Cycle Co [1910] 2 KB 937â				100
Jacobs v. Morris [1902] 1 Ch 816â 18
Jade International Steel Stahl und Eisen GmbH & Co KG v. Robert Nicholas (Steels)
Ltd [1978] QB 917â 216
James Finlay & Co Ltd v. Kwik Hoo Tong HM [1929] 1 KB 400â 185
Jenkins v. Lombard North Central plc [1985] RTR 21â				536
Jewson Ltd v. Boyham [2003] EWCA 1030â 100
JH Rayner and Co Ltd v. Hambros Bank Ltd [1943] 1 KB 37â 222
Joachimson v. Swiss Bank Corporation [1921] 3 KB 110 (CA)â 445
The Johanna Oldendorff [1974] AC 479â		250
Johnson v. Taylor Bros & Co Ltd [1920] AC 144â 185
Jonmenjoy Coondoo v. Watson (1884) 9 App Cas 561â				18
Jordan v. Nortonâ 50
The Julia [1949] AC 293â 186
K Ltd v. National Westminster Bank plc [2007] 1 WLR 311â 479
The Kanchenjunga [1990] Lloyd’s Rep 391 (HL)â 260
Keech v. Sandford (1726) Sel Cas Ch 61â		41

lii	Table of cases

Keighly, Maxsted & Co v. Durant [1901] AC 240â	22, 23, 52
Kelly v. Cooper [1993] AC 205; [1992] 3 WLR 936â	11, 34
Kendall v. Lillico [1969] 2 AC 31â 93, 99, 104
Kennedy v. De Trafford [1897] AC 180â 5

Kings Norton Metal Co Ltd v. Edridge, Merrett & Co Ltd (1897) 14 TLR 98 (CA)â 370 Kingsley v. Sterling Industrial Securities Ltd [1976] 2 QB 747â 75

Kodros Shipping Corp of Monrovia v. Empresa Cubanade Fletes, The Evia (No 2) [1983] 1 AC 736â 259

Kronos Worldwide Ltd v. Sempra Oil Trading SARL [2003] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 567â 219 Kursell v. Timber Operators [1927]1 KB 298â 116

Kwei Tek Chao v. British Traders & Shippers Ltd [1954] 2 QB 459â 188, 191

Laborall v. Matis (4 March 1998, Appellate Court Paris)â 202

Ladbroke v. Todd (1914) 30 TLRâ 443

Lambert v. Lewis [1981] 1 All ER 1185â 102

Larrinaga SS Co v. R [1945] AC 246â	258
Leduc v. Ward [1888] 20 QBD 475â	266
Lee v. Griffin (1861) 1 B & S 272â 145

Lewis v. Averay [1972] 1 QB 198; [1971] 3 All ER 907â 132, 370

Libyan Arab Foreign Bank v. Bankers Trust Co [1989] QB 728; [1989] 3 All ER 252â 199, 456 Lidl Belgium GmbH & Co KG v. Etalbissementen Franz Colruyt NV C-356/04 [2007]

1 CMLR 9â 400

Lister v. Stubbs (1890) LR 45 Ch D 1 (CA)â 38

London North Securities Ltd v. Meadows [2005] EWCA Civ 956; (Unreported, 28 Oct 2004, Liverpool County Court), summary at [2005] 1 P & CR DG 16â 526

Luque v. McLean 8 Cal 3d 136 (1972)â 286

Luxor (Eastbourne) Ltd v. Cooper [1941] AC 108â 44

McFadden v. Blue Star Line [1905] 1 KB 697â 264

McLaughlin v. Duffill [2008] EWCA Civ 1627; [2010] Ch 1; [2009] 3 WLR 1139; [2009]

2 EGLR 71; [2009] 34 EG 80â 18
McPherson v. Watt (1877) 3 App Cas 254â	33
The Madeleine [1967] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 224â	263

Mahesan S/O Thambiah v. Malaysia Government Officers’ Co-operative Housing Society Ltd [1979] AC 374â 39

Manbre Saccharine Co Ltd v. Corn Products Co Ltd [1919] 1 KB 198â 189

Marc Rich & Co Ltd v. Tourloti Compania Naviera SA (The Kalliopi A) [1988] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 101â 254

Maredelanto Compania Naviera SA v. Bergbau-Handel GmbH (The Mihalis Angelos) [1971] 1 QB 164â 249

Mark Cooper v. Office of Fair Trading CCA/2008/0006â 287, 542 Marshall v. Granville [1917] 2 KN 87â 55

Martin Baker Aircraft Co Ltd v. Canadian Flight Equipment Ltd [1955] 2 QB 556; [1955] 2 All ER 722â 54

Maxine Footwear Co Ltd v. Canadian Government Merchant Marine Ltd [1959] AC 589 (PC)â 240, 242

Mayhew Foods Ltd v. Overseas Containers Ltd [1984] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 317â 236

MCC-Marble Ceramic Center v. Ceramica Nuova D’Agostino 144 F 3d 1384 (11th Cir June 29 1998)â 201

Mercantile International Group plc v. Chuan Soon Huat Industrial Group plc [2002] 1 All ER (Comm) 788â 10

Metcalfe v. Britannia Ironworks (1877) 2 QB 423â 249, 262, 263

liii	Table of cases

MFI Warehouses Ltd v. Nattrass [1973] 1 All ER 762â 340, 359
Microbeads AG v. Vinehurst Road Markings Ltd [1975] 1 All ER 529â		84, 382
Midland Bank Ltd v. Reckitt [1933] AC 1â 18
Midland Bank Trust Co Ltd v. Hett, Stubbs and Kemp [1979] Ch 384â		146
Mitchell Cotts and Co (Middle East Ltd) v. Hairco Ltd [1943] 2 All ER 552â			186
Moore & Co Ltd and Landauer & Co Ltd, Re [1921] 2 KB 519â	89
Moore v. Piretta Pta Ltd [1999] 1 All ER 174â 58
Muir v. Flemingâ 46
Multiservice Bookbinding Ltd v. Marden [1978] 2 All ER 489; [1979] Ch 84â			544
Mutual Life and Citizens’ Assurance Co Ltd v. Evatt [1971] AC 793â 443
The Nanfri [1978] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 132â 258
Nanka-Bruce v. Commonwealth Trust Ltd [1926] AC 77â 119
New Braunfels National Bank v. Odiorne (1989) 780 S.W. 2d 313â 223
Newcastle-upon-Tyne City Council v. Safeway plc (1994) unreported, 27 June DCâ				343
Niblett v. Confectioners Materials Co [1921] 3 KB 387â 81, 382
Nolisement, Owners of the v. Bunge & Born [1917] 1 KB 160â	254
Novasen SA v. Alimenta SA [2011] EWHC 49 (Comm); [2011] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 390â				50
Office of Fair Trading v. Abbey National plc [2009] UKSC 6â	287, 447
Ojjeh v. Waller, Ojjeh v Galerie Moderne (1998) unreportedâ	87

Oldendorff & Co (E.L.) GmbH v. Tradax Export SA (The Johanna Oldendorff) [1974] AC

479â	250
Olgeirsson v. Kitching [1986] 1 All ER 746â			344
Oliver v. Court (1820) 8 Price 127â		37
Oystertec v. Barker [2003] RPC 29â		52
Parker v. McKenna (1874) LR 10 Ch App 96â			37
Peachdart Ltd, Re [1984] Ch 131â		122, 123
Pearson v. Rose & Young [1951] 1 KB 275â 129
Peter Turnbull & Co v. Mundas Trading Co [1954] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 198â				193
Pharaon v. Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA [1998] 4 All ER 455â 456
Phelps, James & Co v. Hill [1891] 1 QB 605 (CA)â 264
Phillips v. Brooks [1919] 2 KB 243â		132
Phonogram Ltd v. Lane [1982] QB 938â 24
Pickering’s Claim (1870–71) LR 6 Ch App 525â 51
Porter v. General Guarantee Corpn [1982] RTR 384â 110
Potter v. Customs & Excise Commissioners [1985] STC 45â 5
President of India v. Metcalfe Shipping Line [1970] 1 QB 289â 193
Price Waterhouse v. BCCI Holdings (Luxembourg) [1992] BCLC 583 (Ch D)â 456
Priest v. Last [1903] 2 KB 148â 103
Pyrene Co Ltd v. Scindia Steam Navigation Co Ltd [1954] 2 QB 402â				192, 235

R & B Customs Brokers Co Ltd v. United Dominions Trust Ltd [1988] 1 All ER 847â 92, 95 R v. Breeze [1973] 2 All ER 1141â 370, 398

R v. Da Silva [2006] EWCA Crim 1654â 479 R v. Haesler [1973] RTR 486â 372, 396

R v. Inner London Justices ex parte Another (1983) RTR 425â 363 R v. Rollins [2010] UKSC 39â 478

R v. Securities and Futures Authority Ltd, ex parte Bertrand Fleurose [2001] EWHC Admin 292; [2001] 2 All ER (Comm) 481â 484

R v. Southwood [1987] 3 All ER 556â 396

liv	Table of cases

The Rafaela S [2005] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 347â 235, 266
Rama Corpn v. Proved Tin and General Investment Ltd [1952] 2 QB 147â 20
Reardon Smith Line Ltd v. Black Sea and Baltic General Insurance [1939] AC 562 (HL)â 264
Reardon Smith Line Ltd v. Hansen Tangen [1976] 1 WLR 989â 88, 89
Reardon Smith Line Ltd v. Ministry of Agriculture [1963] AC 691â 250, 253
Reindeer SS Co v. Forslind [1908] 13 Com Cas 214â	257
Rhodes v. Forwood (1875–76) LR 1 App Cas 256â	44
Rhodes v. Macalister (1923) 29 Com Cas 19â 33, 38

Rhodian River Shipping Co SA and Rhodian Sailor Shipping Co SA v. Halla Maritime Corp [1984] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 373â 21

Richardson v. LRC Products Ltd [2000] Lloyd’s Rep Med 280â 316, 317 Rickards v. Oppenheim [1950] 1 All ER 420â 161

Rimeco Riggelsen & Metal Co v. Queensborough Rolling Mill Co [1995] CL 110â 66 Ritchie (J & H) Ltd v. Lloyd Ltd [2007] 1 WLR 670â 109

Riverstone Meat Co Pty Ltd v. Lancashire Shipping Co Ltd (The Muncaster Castle) [1961] AC 807â 240

Road Angels Non-fault Accident Management Ltd v. Office of fair Trading CCA/2008/0003â 542

Roberts v. Leonard (1995) The Times 10th Mayâ	92, 351, 395
Robinson v. Graves [1935] 1 KB 579â 75, 145
Roe v. Minister of Health [1954] 2 All ER 131â	278, 316
Rogers v. Parish (Scarborough) Ltd [1987] QB 933â 94, 98, 100, 101, 110
Rohit Kulkarni v. Manor Credit (Davenham) Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ 69â		132
Rondel v. Worsley [1967] 3 All ER 993â 159
Ross T Smyth & Co Ltd v. TD Bailey, Son & Co Ltd [1940] 3 All ER 60â 183, 184
Routh v. Macmillan (1863) 159 ER 310â 256
Rowland v. Divall [1923] 2 KB 500â 81, 82, 106
Rubicon Computer Systems Ltd v. United Paints Ltd (2000) 2 CLY 899 CAâ 84
Rugg v. Minett (1809) 11 East 210â 117
Safeway Stores Ltd v. Twigger [2010] EWCA Civ 1472â 29, 30
The Saga Cob [1992] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 545â 259
St Albans City and District Council v. International Computers Ltd [1996] 4 All ER 481â			76
Sandeman v. Tyzack [1913] AC 680â 255
Sanders v. Maclean (1883) 11 QBD 327â 187
Scaramanga v. Stamp (1880) 5 CPD 295 (CA)â	264
Seaconsar Far East v. Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran [1993] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 236â 222
Seven Seas Transportation v. Atlantic Shipping [1975] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 188â		258
Shack v. Anthony (1813) 1 M & S 573â 51
Shah v. HSBC Private Bank (UK) Ltd [2010] EWCA Civ 31; [2010] Lloyd’s Rep FC 276â			479
Shaw v. Nine Regions Ltd [2009] EWHC 3514 (QB)â 546
Sherratt v. Gerald’s the American Jeweller’s Ltd (1970) 114 Sol Jo 117â 343, 366
Shine v. General Guarantee Corpn [1988] 1 All ER 232â 101
Shipton, Anderson v. Weil Bros [1912] 1 KB 574â 135
Silver v. Ocean Steamship Co (1930) 1 KB 416â	266
Sinclair v. Neighbour [1967] 2 QB 279â 38

Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories 26 Cal 3d 588 (1980); 163 Cal Rptr 132 (1980)â 281, 286, 295, 330

Siu Yin Kwan v. Eastern Insurance Co Ltd [1994] 2 AC 199â 53
Slater v. Finning Ltd [1996] 3 All ER 398â 103
Smedleys v. Breed [1974] 2 All ER 21â 282
Snook v. London and West Riding Investments Ltd [1967] 2 QB 786â	75
Société Navale de L’Ouest v. RWJ Sutherland & Co (1920) 4 Ll LR 58â	256
Solomon v. Barker (1862) 2 F & F 726â 30

lv	Table of cases

Spence v. Union Marine Insurance Co (1868) LR 3 CP 427â 255

Spiro v. Lintern [1973] 1 WLR 1002; [1973] 3 All ER 319; (1973) 117 SJ 584â 23 Springer v. Great Western Railway Company [1921] 1 KB 257â 26

Stadium Finance v. Robbins [1962] 2 QB 664â 129

Stag Line Ltd v. Foscolo, Mango & Co [1932] AC 328â 241 Stainethorpe v. Bailey [1980] RTR 7â 373

Standard Oil v. Clan Line Steamers [1924] AC 100â 263

Stenborough Corp v. Cooke Sons & Co [1968] Ch 139; [1967] 2 WLR 1403; [1967] 1 All ER

959â	54
Sterns Ltd v. Vickers [1923] 1 KB 78â 126
Steven v. Bromley [1919] 2 KB 722â		250
Stevens v. Biller (1883) 25 Ch D 31â		9
Stevenson v. Rogers [1999] 1 All ER 613; [1999] QB 1028â 92, 157, 322
Stock v. Inglis (1884) 12 QBD 564â		195

Stone & Rolls Ltd v. Moore Stephens (A Firm) [2009] UKHL 39; [2009] 1 AC 1391â 29

The Storviken (1927) 2 KB 99â 263
The Strathnewton [1983] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 219â	235
Sunair Holidays v. Dodd [1970] 2 All ER 410â	340, 360
Svenska Traktor AB v. Maritime Agencies [1953] 2 QB 295â 237

Tankexpress v. Compagnie Financière Belge des Petroles (1948) 82 LlL Rep 43â 257, 258 Tattersall v. National Steamship Co (1884) 12 QBD 297â 263

Taylor v. Combined Buyers Ltd [1924] NZLR 627â 88, 98 Taylor v. Robinson (1818) 9 Taunt 648â 46

Teheran-Europe Co Ltd v. S T Belton (Tractors) Ltd [1968] 2 QB 545â 50, 53 Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v. Nattrass [1972] AC 153â 342

The Themistocles (1949) 82 Ll LR 232â 255 Thomas Young v. Hobson (1949) 65 TLR 365â 135

Tiedemann and Ledermann Frères, Re [1899] 2 QB 66â 23

Totterdell v. Fareham Blue Brick and Tile Co Ltd (1865–66) LR 1 CP 674â 19 Tournier v. National Provincial and Union Bank of England Ltd [1924] 1 KB 461

(CA)â 454, 455

Transgrain Shipping BV v. Global Transporte Oceanico SA (The Mexico 1) [1990] 1 Lloyd’s Rep

507â	252
TRM Copy Centres (UK) Ltd v. Lanwall Services Ltd [2009] UKHL 35â		526
Truk (UK) Ltd v. Tokmakidis GmbH [2000] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 543â 109
Turner v. Burkinshaw (1867) LR 2 Ch App 488â 42
Turpin v Bilton (1843) 5 Man & G 455â 29, 31
UMBS Online Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 406â 479
Underwood v. Burgh Castle Brick & Cement Syndicate [1922] 1 KB 343â		118

United City Merchants (Investments) Ltd v. Royal Bank of Canada [1983] 1 AC 168â 224 United Dominions Trust Ltd v. Kirkwood [1966] 2 QB 431 (CA)â 440

Universal Cargo Carriers v. Citati [1957] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 191; [1957] 2 QB 401â 250, 254, 261 Vacwell Engineering Co Ltd v. BDH Chemicals Ltd [1970] 3 All ER 553â 284, 314

Van Liewen v. Hollis Bros & Co Ltd (The Lizzie) [1920] AC 239â	252
Varley v. Whipp [1900] 1 QB 513â 86
Vrajilal Laxmias Sodha v. Office of Fair Trading CCA/2008/0005â	287, 542

Wait, Re [1927] 1 Ch 606â 116, 188, 189

Ward v. Bignall [1967] 1 QB 534â 116

lvi	Table of cases

Warwickshire County Council v. Johnson [1993] 1 All ER 299â	303, 351, 395
Watchtower Investments Ltd v. Payne [2001] EWCA Civ 1159â	531
Watford Electronics Ltd v. Sanderson [2001] 1 All ER (Comm) 696â 76
Watson v. Merryweather [1913] 12 Asp 353â 257

Watson v. Swann (1862) 11 Common Bench Reports (New Series) 756 142 ER 993â 25

Watteau v. Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346â	20, 21
Way v. Latilla [1937] 3 All ER 759â 43
Weeks v. Goode (1859) 6 CBNS 367â	47
Weiner v. Gill [1906] 2 KB 574â 120

Welsh Development Agency v. Export Finance Corp [1992] BCLC 148â 52 West of England Bank v. Batchelorâ 45

White & others v. Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1998] 3 WLR 1510; [1999] 1 All ER 1â 277,

328
Whitehouse v. Jordan [1981] 1 All ER 267â 155
Williams & Co v. Canton Insurance Office Ltd (1901) AC 462â 262
Williams v. Evans (1866) LR 1 QB 352â 29
Wilson v. Best Travel Ltd [1993] 1 All ER 353â 157
Wilson v. Hurstanger Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 299; [2007] 1 WLR 2351â		37
Wilson v. Rickett Cockerell Ltd [1954] 1 QB 598; [1954] 1 All ER 168â		97, 282
Wilson v. Robertsons (London) Ltd [2005] 3 All ER 873â	526
Wilson v. Tumman (1843) 6 Manning and Granger 236â	22
The Winson [1982] AC 939â 25

Winterflood Securities Ltd and others v. Financial Services Authority [2010] EWCA Civ 423;

[2010] WLR (D) 101â 483
Woods v. Martins Bank Ltd [1959] 1 QB 55â		440, 442
Worsley v. Tambrands Ltd [2000] PIQR P95â		279, 314
Wren v. Holt [1903] 1 KB 610â 96, 104
Wye Shipping Co v. Compagnie Paris-Orleans [1922] 1 KB 617â 259
X v. Schering (2003) 70 BMLR 88â	318
The Xantho (1887) 12 App Cas 503â	242

Yasuda Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Europe Ltd v. Orion Marine Insurance Underwriting Agency Ltd [1995] 3 All ER 211; [1995] QB 174â 6, 12, 42, 55

Yonge v. Toynbee [1910] 1 KB 215â 56

Young & Martens v. McManus Childs [1969] 1 AC 454â 75

Zim Israel Navigation Co Ltd v. Tradax Export SA (The Timna) [1971] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 91â 248

Part 1

Agency

Introduction

The first part of this book considers one of most important and traditional aspects of any commercial law undergraduate course, the law of agency. Chapter 1 begins by attempting to define the law of agency by providing several examples from commercial law scholars. Indeed, Part 1 as a whole illustrates the difficulty experienced by the courts in England and Wales in defining the term ‘agency’. The next part of Chapter 1 deals with the nature and characteristics of agency, followed by a brief outline of the different types of agents that exist in the United Kingdom. Chapter 2 provides a detailed commentary on the different types of authority that relate to an agency agreement, including actual authority. Chapter 3 seeks to provide an overview of the legal obligations that an agent owes to his principal. These include, for example, the duty to carry out contractual obligations; to obey the principal’s instructions; that the agent must not exceed his authority; the performance of contractual duties; that the agent must exercise due care and skill; the duty not to make a secret profit; not to allow any conflict of interest; and the fiduciary duties not to take a bribe or make a secret profit and to account. The chapter also outlines the rights of an agent, beginning with a discussion of the implications of a disclosed agency, a situation where the third party knows of the existence of the principal, and then dealing with an undisclosed agency, a situation where the agent acts for a principal who is not disclosed to the third party.