Контрольная работа 2

Вариант 1

1. Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Не said, “I will always remember my first day working at the Excelsior Food Company.”

2. She wanted to know, “Are you going to reduce the volume of production?”

3. He asked them, “Where will you go in summer?”

4. He remarked, “New machines are being installed in our department.”

5. She wondered, “What kind of cheese do you prefer?”

2. Подчеркните объектный и субъектный инфинитивный обороты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Gugliemo Marconi seems to have stolen the idea of the radio from Nikola Tesla.

2. They asked me to buy milk and a sliced bread for them.

3. Excessive boiling causes vitamins to destroy.

4. A big cup of strong coffee with a croissant is considered to be a typical French breakfast.

5. Dolly is known to be the first mammal cloned from an adult cell.

3. Употребите соответствующую форму герундия или инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Ancient people obtained food by … (hunt), … (fish), and … (gather).

2. … (install) technology effectively requires … (understand) the way it will affect a country's economic, political, and social values.

3. Technology is concerned with … (make) things happen.

1. She suggested … (order) pizza.

2. A coffee machine is known … (invent) in the 20^th century.

4. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The earliest people ate whatever plant food they … find, including wild fruits, mushrooms, nuts, roots, and seeds.

2. You … start working harder!

3. Bill cooked the lunch, so you … not expect anything special!

4. The cat … have taken the fish from the table.

5. Sorry, but we … to close down the factory.

5. Переведите слова и словосочетания на русский язык. Найдите в тексте (упр. 6) предложения, в которых они употребляются, и переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

livestock, food preservation, a well-balanced diet, ready-to-cook foods, storage

6. Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его на русский язык. Письменно переведите 6 и 7 абзацы.

The location, climate, and physical features of a region determine what the people of that region eat. In general, people who live on islands or along seacoasts depend heavily on foods from the ocean. People who live far from the sea rely mainly on livestock or grains for food. People of tropical areas can grow a variety of fruits and vegetables the year around. People who live in cool regions, which have a short growing season, depend on such crops as grains or potatoes. Terrain and soil also help determine what crops the people of a region can grow. For example, corn grows best on level, open fields with rich, well-drained soil. Rice grows best in lowland areas where the soil holds water well.

Although geography still strongly influences what people in many parts of the world eat, its importance has declined – especially in industrial countries. The development of faster transportation and of modern methods of food preservation enables many people to eat foods produced in distant lands. For example, people in numerous countries enjoy bananas from Ecuador, olives and oranges from Spain, dairy products from New Zealand, and sardines from Norway. In addition, many farmers have learned how to grow crops in unfavorable areas. Where land is hilly, for example, they might carve strips of land out of the hillsides. In dry areas, farmers might use irrigation. In areas with cold winters, they might grow certain fruits and vegetables in greenhouses during the winter.

The variety and amount of food that people have to eat depend largely on their country’s economy. But even in the richest countries, some people cannot afford a good diet, and others simply choose to eat foods that are not nourishing. On the other hand, some people in the poorest countries have a well-balanced diet.

Most developed countries can produce all the food their people need, or the countries can afford to import the extra necessary supplies. The farmers use modern machinery and scientific methods to increase their production. Developed countries also have modern facilities to process, transport, and store food.

In highly developed countries, most families can afford to buy a variety of foods, and they are more likely to have a well-balanced diet. Their diet is rich in meat, eggs, and dairy products. They also eat large amounts of grain products and of fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables. They also enjoy the convenience of prepared or ready-to-cook foods. In addition, they often dine at restaurants or buy food from take-out restaurants to eat at home.

Most developing countries seldom produce enough food for all their people. In addition, the countries cannot afford to import the extra supplies they need. Many farmers are too poor to buy fertilizers, machinery, and other materials that would increase their output. Developing countries also lack modern facilities for processing, transporting, and storing food.

In some developing nations, many people suffer from an inadequate diet. They are too poor to buy all the food they need or a wide variety of foods. Millions of families depend on the foods they can produce themselves on small plots of land. Grains and other carbohydrates are the main foods of the majority of people in most developing countries. These foods are the least costly to produce or buy, and they require no refrigeration or other special storage. Meat, milk, and eggs are too expensive for most people. Many families bake their own bread and make most other foods from the basic ingredients. They might even grind grain into flour to make their bread.