- •Aspiration. Degrees of Aspiration.
- •Sound Drills.
- •1. Practise different degrees of aspiration in the following words:
- •In a department store
- •Leisure
- •Loss of Plosion.
- •Sound Drills.
- •3. Practise the following fragments of connected speech focusing on loss of plosion.
- •Nasal Plosion.
- •Sound Drills.
- •Duty of the student
- •Lateral Plosion
- •Sound Drills
- •1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing lateral plosion.
- •2. Practise lateral plosion in connected speech.
- •Fricative Plosion.
- •1. Pronounce the following words and phrases observing close coarticulation of plosive and fricative consonants.
- •2. Practise fricative plosion in connected speech.
- •To a False Friend
- •Making a Cake
- •Alveolar consonants before [0, 8].
- •Sound Drills
- •1. Practice the following words and phrases. Be sure to make the sounds [t, d, n, l, s, z] dental before [0] and [8]
- •2. Practise the clusters of alveolar consonants preceding [0, 8] in connected speech.
- •Boiled Eggs
- •Sonants
- •General Remarks
- •1. Modifications of the length of English sonants.
- •2. The syllabic function of the sonants in English
- •3. Devoicing of the sonants.
- •Consonant sounds that link words.
- •Linking [r]
- •Consonantal glides [w] and [j]
- •Sound Drills.
- •1. Practise the linking [r], [w] and [j] at the junction of words. Be sure to make the glides [w] and [j] sound very short.
- •2. Practise linking at word-boundaries in connected speech.
- •Rain dying out
- •Combinations of consonants with [w]
- •Sound Drills.
- •1. Practice the following words and phrases observing assimilation in the consonant clusters with [w]
- •2. Practise consonant clusters with [w] in connected speech.
- •Consonant clusters with [r]
- •Sound Drills.
- •1. Practice the following words and phrases observing assimilation in the consonant clusters with [r]
- •1) Complete devoicing of [r]
- •2) Partial devoicing of [r]
- •3) Double assimilation
- •2. Practise consonant clusters with [r] in connected speech.
- •Airport announcements.
- •Travelling by train.
- •Absence of assimilation in some consonant clusters.
- •No assimilation according to the place or manner of articulation of English consonants
- •No assimilation according to the work of the vocal cords
- •Sound Drills.
- •2. Practise the difficult consonant clusters in the following contexts. Observe absence of assimilation.
- •Monday’s child
- •The House That Jack Built
- •A vacant seat
2. Practise fricative plosion in connected speech.
a) set expressions, proverbs and sayings
a) a dark horse
b) at all costs
c) at first/second hand
d) backwards and forwards
e) as obstinate as a donkey
f) as sure as eggs is eggs
g) to hope against hope
h) to rain cats and dogs
i) to have one’s hands full
j) to catch someone red-handed
k) to be bound hand and foot
l) to make bricks without straw
1. All roads leads to Rome.
2. Deeds, not words.
3. Like father, like sone.
4. History repeats itself.
5. Let sleeping dog lie.
6. Fine words butter no parsnips.
7. Friendship in trouble – friendship sure.
8. Kind hearts are more than coronets.
9. It’s the first step that costs.
10. Fields have eyes, and woods have ears.
11. I fear Greeks even when bringing gifts.
12. Good fame sleeps, bad fame creeps.
b) sentences
1. Margaret speaks six languages.
2. Hats are upstairs on the next floor.
3. He keeps his books on the bed-side table.
4. The cheap veal in that shop didn’t seem edible.
5. Kate’s friends left without saying thank you.
6. Both Felix and Sam think they lead an adventurous life.
7. Don’t get so upset, perhaps it’s just a sob story.
8. As the exchange rates sinks, the value of your savings shrinks.
9. He that commits a fault thinks everyone speaks of it.
10. She speaks slowly, and smokes special expensive cigarettes. As she steps upstairs, her long skirt sweeps over her silver slippers. She is small and smart and sweet-smelling. Her skin is like snow. ‘You’ve stolen my heart!’ I once said stupidly, and she smiled. But when she smiled, she smiled the smile of a snake.
c) conversational contexts
1.
– Excuse me, could you tell us the time, please?
– Yes. It’s exactly sixteen minutes to six.
2.
– Jack says he spends so much of the day earning money that he doesn’t have time to become rich.
– It makes me laugh.
3.
– This tie makes a perfect set with your dark suit. Is it expensive?
– I wouldn’t say so. The price is quite acceptable.
4.
– Would you like some fruit salad?
– Fruit salad? Mm… It sounds good.
– I hope it tastes good, too.
5.
– Your youngest sister likes reading, doesn’t she? What sort of books does she enjoy?
– She likes short stories very much. But she loaths books they oblige her to read at school.
6.
– Greg says Bob’s phonetics isn’t so good, is it?
– No, it’s not. He doesn’t study regularly and often legs behind his classmates. So the results are not surprising. Well, it serves him right.
7.
– Kate, you look so upset. What’s the matter?
– For God’s sake! I’ve got only one pair of hands and so much work to do about the house!
– It’s no use shouting. Let’s do it together.
8.
– What shall we do if the weather lets us down?
– Well, it’s not very cold outside, let’s have a picnic anyway.
– It sounds exciting. I’ll bring some forks and paper plates.
9.
– Don’t you think she looks a bit funny?
– A bit funny? I’d say she looks awful: a red shirt, a pink skirt, a white hat and black shoes…
– Well, tastes differ.
10.
– Where are you now?
– I’m in a telephone box, outside a post-office, at a crossroads about a mile from Oxford.
– O.K. Listen carefully then. Carry on along the road towards London until you go down a steep hill. Just after the railway bridge the road forks. Take the left-handed fork.
d) rhymes, poems, dialogues
1.
Man is a fool.
When it’s hot
He wants it cool.
And when it’s cool
He wants it hot.
He always wants
What he has not.
2.