Сводная таблица употребления времён
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С в о д н а я т а б л и ц а у п о т р е б л е н и я в р е м ё н (изъявительное наклонение) |
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A C T I V E V O I C E to ask |
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I n d e f i n i t e |
C o n t i n u o u s |
P e r f e c t |
P e r f e c t C o n t i n u o u s |
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to ask |
to be asking |
to have asked |
to have been asking |
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Present |
Past |
Future |
Present |
Past |
Future |
Present |
Past |
Future |
Present |
Past |
Future |
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ask(s) |
asked |
shall ask will |
am is asking are |
was asking were |
shall be will asking |
has asked have |
had asked |
shall have will asked |
has been have asking |
had been asking |
shall have been will asking |
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У п о т р е б л е н и е |
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Действие как факт (обычное, постоянно повторяющееся) |
Действие как процесс (незаконченное, длящееся) |
Действие, предшествующее какому-то моменту, связанное с ним |
Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и про- должающееся вплоть до какого-нибудь момента |
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usually every day often seldom sometimes |
yesterday last week 5 days ago just now |
tonight next week soon |
now this month nowadays
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1. at 5 o’clock (from 4 till 6 o’clock) 2. другое действие |
today, just lately, since already, for ever, never not yet |
1. by 4 o’clock 2. другое действие |
for since since when |
for |
for |
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П е р е в о д |
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глагол несовершенного вида |
глагол несовершенного вида |
глагол совершенного вида |
глагол несовершенного вида |
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P A S S I V E V O I C E to be asked |
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to be asked |
to be being asked |
to have been asked |
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am is asked are |
was asked were |
shall be will asked |
am is being are asked |
was being were asked |
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has been have asked |
had been asked |
shall have been will asked |
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С п о с о б ы в ы р а ж е н и я б у д у щ е г о д е й с т в и я |
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1.В прида-точных времени и условия |
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3. Принятие решения в момент речи |
5. Заранее запланиро- ванное дей-ствие (план личный)
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6. В прида-точных времени и условия в значении: «как только …так сразу» |
E X A M P L E S 1. If (when) I come to town next week, I will call you. 2. My plane leaves at 7a.m. tomorrow. 3. I will help you to carry these heavy bags of yours! 4. I am sure it will (is going to) rain tomorrow. 5. I am leaving for the Hague (Гаага) this weekend. 6. I will call you back as soon as (when) I have come home. |
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2.Действие, запланиров. расписанием |
4. Выраж. предполо- жение, догадку |
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Sequence of Tenses
Согласование времён
he works. Работает
he is working.
ОДНОВРЕМЕННОЕ
ПРЕДШЕСТВУЮЩЕЕ
He says he worked. Работал
he was working.
ПОСЛЕДУЮЩЕЕ
he will work. Будет работать.
he will be working.
he worked. Работает
he was working.
ОДНОВРЕМЕННОЕ
ПРЕДШЕСТВУЮЩЕЕ
He said he had worked. Работал
he had been working.
ПОСЛЕДУЮЩЕЕ
he would work. Будет работать.
he would be working.