Sotnikov_Vatolin
.pdf(− G(0%) ) → (-DG(0a) ) , ka(1.39) → 1. ( ,
0 .
' .
+ 0 0
/ 0
. ' / / 0
(
). ! ( =1960 ")
/ / 0 (>2000 ") .
! (TiO2)
(TiO),
TiO2 → Ti2O3 → TiO → Ti
3 0 , . .
TiO+ 13 Al=Ti+ 13 Al2O3 ,
. =2000 "
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× a1/ 3 |
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ka = |
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(1.41) |
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TiO |
Al |
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) , / / 0 TiO,
, / TiO ( )
0, 0 0 .
0 ( aTiO ) , ,
, / Fe-Ti ($ ). "
. , 0 0.
" , CaO, / 0 Al2O3.
, (1.41),
/ ( aTiO ) ( aAl ) , . . .$$0
0 .
30
0
.$$ / / 0
CaO 0
CaO + |
2 Al |
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+ |
1 Al |
O |
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2 |
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. 1273 " G12730 = 85 //0, /
kp = ( pCa ) ,
0 CaO, Al2O3
/ / 0 0, 0
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1273 |
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( p |
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= kp = |
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85000 |
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exp |
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8,31×1273 |
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Ca |
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/ ,
.
' / 0 ,
0 , . . 0
0, / ( pCa )"< ( pCa ) . ! .
DG = RT[ln P-lnkp ] = 8,31×1273 ln ( pCa )"- ln ( pCa ) < 0
0
.
0 ,
0 0 : C, CO H2.
! ,
CO - .
31
# /
Fe2O3 ( ), Fe3O4 ( ) FeO ( ):
3Fe2O3 +CO=2Fe3O4 +CO2 |
(1.42) |
! ³845", .
0 T ³ 845 " 0
:
Fe3O4 +CO=3FeO+CO2 |
(1.43) |
FeO+CO=Fe+CO2 |
(1.44) |
' , 0 845 ", $
:
1 4 Fe3O4 +CO= 3 4 Fe+CO2 |
(1.45) |
# $ , (1.43)- (1.45), . 1.2.
(1.42) CO 0 (<0,01 %). " ,
( 845 "
52,2 % CO), “ ”. "
(1.43) - (1.45) . . !
, (1.43), ,
. / CO
. . 1.2 /
Fe , FeO Fe3O4 .
" /, H2 CO
CaO, MgO, TiO2, Cr2O3, SiO2, MnO.
* . *
0 . !
,
0 . + 0,
32
/ 0 0
0 .
CO, % |
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75 |
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Fe |
1.44 |
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50 |
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0 |
600 |
800 |
1000 |
1200 T, K |
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33
2.
2.1. ,
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( , , , ,
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!, .
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% . &
( . . 1.31),
.
. #,
. $
34
,
, :
1.'" :
.% i= kmi 100
mi
i=1
, ( ")
.
2. ' :
xi = kni
ni
i =1
−# .
3.' " " :
ci = Vni
( ) " %
. ( mi − (i - ) , ;
k
mi − ; k − ,
i =1
; ni − (i - ) ; V − %
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– .
, ,
. &
1.
' , ,
, . $ ,
35
.% i
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- ":
ai = fi [ .%i], |
ai = γi xi , ai = bi ci . |
(2.2) |
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fi , γ i , bi |
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36
γ i , fi , bi , |
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2.2.
& –
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( ) , ,
.,
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2.2.1. .
- ,
" , #
".
. $ , Pb-Sn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr .
+
:
1. -
. . , # (U ) # ( H )
(Ui0 Hi0) :
U = n U 0 |
; |
H = n H 0 . |
i i |
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i i |
i |
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i |
37
2. & % %
, . . :
V = ni Vi0 .
i
3. " ,
# , #
# . +
, #
# :
S = ni Si0 + S .
i
– # ( S ),
, ,
!:
S = − R ni ln xi .
i
4. + ,: "
pi = pi0 xi , |
(2.3) |
pi0 − i - .
( , ! .2.1.
A B. " B.
, "
. $ # !
.
(2.1) (2.3), ,
38
,
( pi = pi0 ):
ai = xi .
/
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, .
&
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B |
39