Sotnikov_Vatolin

2.2.2. . !

' ,

"

.

,

. / " , " "

( x2 →0 , x1 →1). $

x2 <10−3 −10−5 .

"

. - ,

", ,

" ,

# . #

,

. ,

,,

:

a1 = x1.

+ # . +,

"

. $ ,

. &

# " "

x2 <10−3 −10−5 ,

. 40

#

.

/ ,

# "

, #

" "

. # ! 0:

p2 = p*2 [ .% 2]; p2 = p2* c2; p2 = p2* x2 .

(2.4)

! ,, #!! "

" ( p*2 ) " "

.

" " ",

" ,

0 ( p*2 )

" ". $ . 2.2

B " A-B. ,

,

, . . 0 .

" " B , 0

. ) , 0

1 .% B ( !),

0

B " . )

B ( pB = pB* ),

B

"" "( . 2.1 2.4):

aB = .% B .

41

/

(1,,). (

1,, : aB = fB .% B ,

#!! " fB " "

" " ", 0.

PB

	P*
	B
0,5	1,0
	. % B

42

2.3. "-

2 #, . . "

,

, , . $ ,

% , i -

% Vi0 ,

V = ni Vi0 .

, ,

# . $ , %

V = n1V10 + n2 V20 . (2.5)

- # "

" # . & %

! (2.5).

#, # ,

.

+ (2.5)

# ,

"- Zi :

Z=n1					(2.6)
	Z1 +n2 Z2 .

( Z – # (%,

#, #, #, # 0 .), Zi –

#

:

43

						∂ Z
	Z		i		≡			.
						∂ n
								p, T , nj¹i
						i

/ , "-

i - . $ , % , "-

% %

P , T.

( "-

( . 2.6) #

. ( "-

0-+:

ni d Zi = 0 (p, T = const).

i

& "-

, " "

.

"- ,

. $ , (1.28)

:

μi = Hi − T Si ,

μi – "- # 0 , ,

" i - :

μ	≡ G = ∂ G					.
i		i		∂ n		p, T , nj¹i
				i

44

"-
	#. &
:
1. '	!	!! ". .

# ,

%, i - ( . 2.3). "-

% Vi !

!! " # , . .

#!! " ,

.

2.' . .

# ( ,

	% V m =	V	) ( ABC . 2.4). (
		n
		i
		i

MN,

- V1 V2 ( . 2.4.).

2.4. # $

"

. ,

. . " #:

,

. , #!!

:

H = H + H .

(2.7)

45

( H > 0),

.

, ". . , ,

,

"

. / (1 2)

1-1 2-2 ( )

1-2 ( ). ) # (ε12 )

( ) #

ε12 > (ε11 + ε 22 ) / 2,

			#
!
	##"
	"

46

( Fe-Si, Fe-Al,

Cu-Zn .).

ε12 < (ε11 + ε 22 ) / 2

( Ni-Au, Cu-Ag, Cu-Pb .).

"

,

ε12 = (ε11 + ε 22 ) / 2,

(

Pb-Sn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr ).

Vm		N
	B
M		_
				V2

_

V1 A

0	2
	1

47

#!!

"

(2.7). .

.

# ( H =0), ,

.

3

" #!!.

, ,

- :

1 Cu		O	+	1 H		=	1 H	O	+[Cu]		(2.8)
2	2			2	2		2 2

4 # " "

:

1 Cu		O	+	1 H		= 1 H		O		+Cu		(2.9)
2	2			2	2	2	2
:
			Cu =[Cu]									(2.10)
(2.8)=(2.9)+(2.10), 0
			H(2.8) =			H(2.9) +				H(2.10)		,

H(2.10) − .

&, , ,

. &

,

, , #

.

48

2.5. .

%&&

,. ) # (ε12 )

#

ε12 > (ε11 + ε 22 ) / 2,

" . #

,

( . 2.5, ), #!! "

( . 2.2) γ i <1. ,

ε12 < (ε11 + ε 22 ) / 2,

–

	"
( . . 2.5, ), #!! " γ i >1.

, . . !

. "

AB.

, #!! " - ,

(γ 2 ), k - . #!! "

γ 2 ! " :

γ 2 = f (x2 ,x3 ,...,xk ).

, lnγ 2 /,

:

49