Economic Aspects of Small and Medium Businesses

1. Small and medium businesses employ the majority of the population enabling them to earn a wage. It is the most flexible part of the labour market. It absorbs the main part of non-qualified labour resources who possess a low level of working experience but who are willing to work flexible hours. Very often it is the only place where women and young people having a low level of education and no work experience can find employment.

2. Small and medium business may be the most important factor for national prosperity, as they are a major source of income not only for the business community, but also for the members of their families. Moreover, small and medium businesses are a potentially effective means for enhancing the capacities of the population in industry and enterprise, and increasing their adaptability to market relations. Such businesses give individuals employment and income; opportunity to better control their own future; opportunity to unite a job and a private life to a far greater extent; opportunity of self-realization; to develop their abilities and talents.

3. In general, small and medium enterprises increase the effectiveness and vitality of the whole economy, create a platform for the social formation of a middle class, improve the regional structure of the economy, require fewer resources for starting-up and their failures do not cause catastrophic economic outcomes.

VII. Определите, являются ли приведенные ниже утверждения (1, 2, 3)

а) истинными (true)

б) ложными (false)

в) в тексте нет информации (no information)

1) Small business is a business which usually employs fewer than 50 people and has a quite small financial turnover.

2) Small and medium enterprises don’t contribute to the social formation of a middle class.

3) Women and young people having a low level of education and no work experience are often employed in small and medium businesses.

VIII. Прочитайте абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:

Do small and medium enterprises’ failures lead to catastrophic economic outcomes?

Контрольная работа №2 Вариант №1

1. Переведите письменно существительные (1-10). Выберите определения

(a – j), соответствующие существительным:

1) commerce	a) a product that is brought from one country into another
2) export	b) a country or area that is under political control of a more powerful country
3) import	c) the people who live in the same area, town, etc.
4) colony	d) the sale of goods in shops to customers for their own use
5) equipment	e) the business of selling and sending goods to other countries
6) currency	f) very large shop
7) community	g) place where you buy things
8) retail	h) the system or type of money that a country uses
9) shop	i) the tools, machines, clothes etc. that you need to do a particular job
10) supermarket	j) the buying and selling of goods and services

2. a) Выполните КОПР № 3, 5.

б) В следующих предложениях подчеркните глагол-сказуемое, определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Japan’s growth has been becoming much less dependent on exports lately.

2) He finally came at 11 a.m. I had been waiting for him in the office since 8:30 a.m.

3) The US economy has been improving since the global financial crisis.

3. a) Выполните КОПР № 1.

б) В следующих предложениях подчеркните герундий и инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) American consumers cannot keep spending more than they earn.

2) Tracing the complex flows of funds is often difficult.

3) Congress failed to approve proposal that the two countries have normalized trade relations.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Помните, что инфинитивные обороты часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1) Russia’s population is expected to fall by 22 % between 2005 and 2050.

2) Insurance companies consider manual workers to be high risk.

3) Price rises are likely to grow next year.

5. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3.