29

8CONCLUSION

The past few years have seen the rise of generative models. It is too early to tell whether this development will give birth to new professions, such as “prompt engineer.” However, generative AI will deeply affect and reconfigure the fabric of our society. This opens exciting opportunities for research in the field of HCI.

This article investigated prompt engineering, as a new type of skill, in the context of AI art. In four studies, we investigated whether crowdsourced participants had knowledge of art, whether they could recognize the quality of prompts and their resulting images, and whether participants could write and improve prompts. We found participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk are creative and able to write prompts for text-to-image generation systems in rich descriptive language, but lacked the special vocabulary found in AI art communities. The use of prompt modifiers was not intuitive to participants, pointing towards prompt engineering being a non-intuitive skill. We provided recommendations for conducting scientific experiments on prompt engineering and text-to-image generation with participants recruited from crowdsourcing platforms. We speculated on four possible futures for prompt engineering. We hope that whatever the landscape of creative production will turn out to be in the future, it will be an inclusive creative economy in which everyone can participate in meaningful ways.

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