Encyclopedia of SociologyVol._1
.pdfAcknowledgments
The revision of the Encyclopedia of Sociology began with the optimistic hope that following reasonably on the original edition it would turn out to be easier to do. It did not turn out that way, but for good reasons. With the support and encouragement of Elly Dickason, Macmillan Reference USA’s Publisher, the research and development for the project was more extensive than anticipated. On this score, our debt to the Advisory Editors in providing broad reviews and suggestions can hardly be emphasized enough. Further, as we proceeded in inviting old and new authors it became apparent that the Encyclopedia was getting a great deal of use and authors provided guidance from their experience on directions for development. Our authors are, of course, truly responsible for the Encyclopedia, but in addition through much interaction they provided support that was both welcome and of enormous value.
Marie L. Borgatta was the managing editor for the original publication, and for this edition she requested a less demanding role as a consulting editor. It was a nice idea, but she inevitably became involved and delivered support in quantities and quality that can only be described as exploitation.
Many ideas and innovations are due to her participation in the project. As Managing Editor for the revision, Rhonda J. V. Montgomery provided a work and intellectual partnership for the project that contributed enormously to the breadth and quality of the Revised Edition. Her initiatives kept the progress of the project smooth and on a reasonable schedule in spite of often unanticipated demands.
During the preparation of this Revised Edition, the Gale Group acquired Macmillan Reference USA, and production moved from New York to Michigan. This was done with only minimal loss of time and effort because of the planning and management of Elly Dickason, the Publisher, but also because in the New York office Timothy Prairie generated a very effective program for copyediting manuscripts and managing the records of progress. Of course, the shift to Michigan was obviously not effortless, but Linda Hubbard guided the project into the capable hands of Pamela
Proffitt, who took on the mammoth task of making the Revised Edition of the Encyclopedia of Sociology a reality. The devoted efforts of the publisher’s staff are greatly appreciated.
xi
List of Articles
ADOLESCENCE
Michael J. Shanahan
ADULT EDUCATION
John Houghton
ADULTHOOD
Jeylan T. Mortimer
Pamela Aronson
AFFECT CONTROL THEORY AND IMPRESSION FORMATION
David R. Heise
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
Nathan Glazer
AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES
Joe R. Feagin
AFRICAN STUDIES
Walter R. Allen
Shani O’Neal
AGGRESSION
Craig A. Anderson
AGING AND THE LIFE COURSE
Linda K. George
AGRICULTURAL INNOVATION
David Gartrell
John Gartrell
ALCOHOL
Ronald L. Akers
Thomas R. Heffington
ALIENATION
Clarence Y. H. Lo
ALTERNATIVE LIFESTYLES
Karen Seccombe
ALTRUISM
Judith Howard
Jane Allyn Piliavin
AMERICAN FAMILIES
Laurie Russell Hatch
AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES
C. Matthew Snipp
AMERICAN SOCIETY
Robin Williams, Jr.
AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION AND OTHER SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS
Carla B. Howery
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE
Richard A. Bulcroft
ANOMIE
Robert Crutchfield
Kristin A. Bates
APPLIED SOCIOLOGY
David W. Britt
ART AND SOCIETY
Gladys Lang
ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES
William T. Liu
Elena S. H. Yu
ATTITUDES
John D. DeLamater
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Judith Howard
Danielle Kane
BANKRUPTCY AND CREDIT
Teresa A. Sullivan
BEHAVIORISM
W. David Pierce
BIRTH AND DEATH RATES
Deborah A. Sullivan
BRITISH SOCIOLOGY
Vaneeta D’Andrea
Peter Robbins
BUREAUCRACY
David G. Nickinovich
CAPITALISM
Patrick H. Mooney
xiii
LIST OF ARTICLES
CASE STUDIES
Gale E. Miller
Richard S. Jones
CASTE AND INHERITED STATUS
Rita Jalali
CAUSAL INFERENCE MODELS
Hubert M. Blalock, Jr.
CENSORSHIP AND THE REGULATION OF EXPRESSION
Jeffrey Strange
Melanie Green
Timothy Brock
CENSUS
Karl E. Taeuber
CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE
Heather Cecil
CHINA STUDIES
Martin K. Whyte
CITIES
Maurice D. Van Arsdol, Jr.
CIVIL LIBERTIES
Howard P. Greenwald
CLASS AND RACE
Edna Bonacich
CLINICAL SOCIOLOGY
Jan Fritz
COALITIONS
Theodore Caplow
COGNITIVE CONSISTENCY THEORIES
Todd D. Nelson
COHORT PERSPECTIVES
Matilda White Riley
COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOR
Ralph H. Turner
COMMUNITARIANISM
Amitai Etzioni
COMMUNITY
Gunnar Almgren
COMPARABLE WORTH
Nancy E. Durbin
Barbara Melber
COMPARATIVE HEALTH-CARE SYSTEMS
Mary Zimmerman
COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY
Larry Griffin
COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS
Howard E. Aldrich
Peter V. Marsden
COMPLIANCE AND
CONFORMITY
Cecilia L. Ridgeway
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN SOCIOLOGY
Ronald E. Anderson
CONFLICT THEORY
Randall Collins
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Philip J. Stone
CONVERGENCE THEORIES
Richard M. Coughlin
CONVERSATION ANALYSIS
Jack Whalen
Geoff Raymond
CORPORATE ORGANIZATIONS
Cora B. Marrett
CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Herbert L. Costner
COUNTERCULTURES
Patricia A. Adler
Peter Adler
COURTSHIP
Mary Riege Laner
COURT SYSTEMS AND LAW
Edward Gross
CRIME, THEORIES OF
Don C. Gibbons
CRIME RATES
Robert M. O’Brien
CRIMINAL AND DELINQUENT SUBCULTURES
James F. Short
CRIMINALIZATION OF DEVIANCE
Jackson Toby
CRIMINAL SANCTIONS
Peter Cordella
CRIMINOLOGY
Robert Crutchfield
CRITICAL THEORY
Dwight B. Billings
Patricia Jennings
CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS
William A. Corsaro
Arthur Alderson
CROWDS AND RIOTS
David Snow
Ronnelle Paulsen
CULTURE
Samuel L. Gilmore
DATA BANKS AND
DEPOSITORIES
Guido Martinotti
Sonia Stefanizzi
DEATH AND DYING
John W. Riley, Jr.
DECISION-MAKING THEORY AND RESEARCH
Evan Pritchard
DEMOCRACY
Andrew L. Creighton
xiv
LIST OF ARTICLES
DEMOGRAPHIC METHODS
Neil G. Bennett
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Avery M. Guest
Gunnar Almgren
DEMOGRAPHY
Halliman H. Winsborough
DEPENDENCY THEORY
Jon Hendricks
DEPRESSION
Regan A. R. Gurung
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Daphne Kuo
DEVIANCE THEORIES
George S. Bridges
Scott A. Desmond
DIFFUSION THEORIES
Ronald W. Perry
DISASTER RESEARCH
Enrico L. Quarantelli
DISCRIMINATION
Thomas F. Pettigrew
Marylee C. Taylor
DIVISION OF LABOR
Paul Morgan Baker
DIVORCE
Steven L. Nock
Alison Burke Albers
DRUG ABUSE
Charles Winick
Leonard Saxe
ECONOMIC DETERMINISM
William DiFazio
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS
Fred Block
ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY
Richard Swedberg
EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Kevin Dougherty
Floyd Hammack
EDUCATION AND
DEVELOPMENT
Yih-Jin Young
EDUCATION AND MOBILITY
John Katsillis
J. Michael Armer
EMOTIONS
Theodore D. Kemper
ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY
Glynis Daniels
ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIOLOGY
Riley E. Dunlap
Eugene A. Rosa
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Charles E. Holzer, III
EPISTEMOLOGY
Costantino Cipolla
Guido Giarelli
EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
James M. McPartland
Jomills Henry Braddock, II
ETHICS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH
Howard P. Greenwald
ETHNICITY
Richard D. Alba
ETHNOGRAPHY
Carol A. B. Warren
ETHNOMETHODOLOGY
John Heritage
EVALUATION RESEARCH
Karl Kosloski
EVENT HISTORY ANALYSIS
Paul D. Allison
EVOLUTION: BIOLOGICAL,
SOCIAL, CULTURAL
Maurice N. Richter, Jr.
EXPECTATION STATES THEORY
Martha Foschi
EXPERIMENTS
Gerald Marwell
EXTREME INFLUENCE: THOUGHT REFORM, HIGH CONTROL GROUPS, INTERROGATION, AND RECOVERED MEMORY PSYCHOTHERAPY
Richard Ofshe
FACTOR ANALYSIS
Duane F. Alwin
FAMILY AND HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE
Gary R. Lee
Padma Srinivasan
FAMILY AND POPULATION POLICY IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Julie Brines
FAMILY AND RELIGION
Jeffrey G. Pankhurst
Susan K. Houseknecht
FAMILY LAW
Lisa J. McIntyre
FAMILY PLANNING
Jacqueline Darroch
Jennifer Frost
FAMILY POLICY IN WESTERN SOCIETIES
Irving Tallman
Ginna M. Babcock
FAMILY SIZE
Lauri Steel
FAMILY VIOLENCE
Murray A. Straus
xv
LIST OF ARTICLES
FEMININITY/MASCULINITY
Peter J. Burke
Jan E. Stets
FEMINIST THEORY
Gaye Tuchman
FERTILITY DETERMINANTS
Susan Cotts Watkins
FIELD THEORY
Richard B. Kettner-Polley
FILIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Rhonda J. V. Montgomery
FRENCH SCHOOL OF
SOCIOLOGY, THE
Bernard Valade
FUNCTIONALISM AND
STRUCTURALISM
Alexandra Maryanski
Jonathan H. Turner
FUTURES STUDIES AS HUMAN AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY
Eleonora Barbieri Masini
GAME THEORY AND STRATEGIC INTERACTION
H. Andrew Michener
GENDER
Judith Lorber
GENOCIDE
David Smith
GERMAN SOCIOLOGY
Erwin K. Scheuch
GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
Sean O Riain
Peter B. Evans
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Robin Stryker
GROUP CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Lynne Woehrle
GROUP SIZE
David R. Schmitt
HEALTH AND ILLNESS
BEHAVIOR
David Mechanic
Donna McAlpine
HEALTH AND THE LIFE COURSE
Donald E. Stull
HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION AND EXPENDITURES
Charlene Harrington
David N. Pellow
HEALTH POLICY ANALYSIS
Carroll L. Estes
Christopher Wellin
HEALTH PROMOTION AND HEALTH STATUS
Rosalie F. Young
HIERARCHICAL LINEAR
MODELS
A. George Alder
HIGHER EDUCATION
Steven G. Brint
HISPANIC AMERICANS
Marta Tienda
HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY
Stephen A. Kent
HOMELESSNESS
Barrett A. Lee
HUMAN ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
Lakshmi Bharadwaj
HUMANISM
Joseph Scimecca
HUMAN NATURE
Alan Wolfe
HUMAN RIGHTS/CHILDREN’S RIGHTS
Edgar F. Borgatta
IDENTITY THEORY
Sheldon Stryker
ILLEGITIMACY
Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr.
IMPERIALISM, COLONIALISM, AND DECOLONIZATION
David Strang
INCEST
Brenda J. Vander Mey
INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES
Beth B. Hess
INDIAN SOCIOLOGY
Vimal P. Shah
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
Joane Nagel
Thomas D. Hall
INDIVIDUALISM
Lawrence E. Hazelrigg
INDUSTRIALIZATION IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
R. Alan Hedley
INDUSTRIAL SOCIOLOGY
Ivar Berg
INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY
Georgina Rojas-Garcia
Samuel Echevarria
INFORMAL ECONOMY, THE
Ann R. Tickamyer
Stephanie Bohon
INFORMATION SOCIETY
Don A. Dillman
INHERITANCE
Marvin B. Sussman
INTELLECTUALS
Seymour Martin Lipset
xvi
LIST OF ARTICLES
INTELLIGENCE
Linda S. Gottfredson
INTERGENERATIONAL
RELATIONS
Karl Pillemer
J. Jill Suitor
Shirley A. Keeton
INTERGENERATIONAL RESOURCE TRANSFERS
Donald E. Stull
Barbara Hirshorn
INTERGROUP AND INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS
Oscar Grusky
Jeff Erger
INTERMARRIAGE
Grace J. Yoo
Robert E. Staples
INTERNAL MIGRATION
Charles F. Longino, Jr.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS IN SOCIOLOGY
David Sciulli
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Mary Ellen O’Connell
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
David M. Heer
INTERNET
Christopher W. Gunn
Diana Odom Gunn
INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION
Ardyth Stimson
INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION
Anupama Joshi
INTERPERSONAL POWER
Morris Zelditch, Jr.
ITALIAN SOCIOLOGY
Alberto Gasparini
JAPANESE SOCIOLOGY
Masamichi Sasaki
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY, THEORIES OF
John Hagan
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY (AND JUVENILE CRIME)
James E. Teele
KINSHIP SYSTEMS AND FAMILY TYPES
Bernard Farber
LABOR FORCE
Valerie K. Oppenheimer
LABOR MOVEMENTS AND UNIONS
William Form
LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
Carlos H. Waisman
LAW AND LEGAL SYSTEMS
Joseph Sanders
LAW AND SOCIETY
William M. Evan
LEADERSHIP
Roya Ayman
LEGISLATION OF MORALITY
Augustine Brannigan
LEISURE
John R. Kelly
LEVELS OF ANALYSIS
Robert M. O’Brien
LIBERALISM/CONSERVATISM
Robert Boguslaw
LIBRARY RESOURCES AND SERVICES FOR SOCIOLOGY
Timothy D. Jewell
LIFE COURSE, THE
Glen H. Elder, Jr.
LIFE CYCLE
Dennis Hogan
LIFE EXPECTANCY
Eileen M. Crimmins
LIFE HISTORIES AND
NARRATIVE
David R. Maines
LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH
Janet Hankin
LITERATURE AND SOCIETY
Sarah M. Corse
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
Richard T. Campbell
LONG-TERM CARE
David R. Phillips
LONG TERM CARE FACILITIES
Eva Kahana
LOVE
Felix M. Berardo
Erica Owens
MACROSOCIOLOGY
Ann R. Tickamyer
Jieli Li
MAJOR PERSONALITY THEORIES
Raymond J. Corsini
MARGINAL EMPLOYMENT
Leif Jensen
Timothy A. Slack
MARITAL ADJUSTMENT
Yoshinori Kamo
MARRIAGE
Marilyn Ihinger-Tallman
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE RATES
Paul C. Glick
MARXIST SOCIOLOGY
Raymond A. Morrow
xvii
LIST OF ARTICLES
MASS MEDIA RESEARCH
Janice M. Engsberg
Gladys Lang
Kurt Lang
MASS SOCIETY
Richard F. Hamilton
MATERIALISM
Robert J. Antonio
MATE SELECTION THEORIES
Kris Bulcroft
MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY
Barbara F. Meeker
Robert K. Leik
MEASUREMENT
Edgar F. Borgatta
Yoshinori Kamo
MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION
Herbert L. Costner
MEDICAL-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
Carroll L. Estes
David N. Pellow
Charlene Harrington
MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY
Mary Zimmerman
MENTAL ILLNESS AND MENTAL DISORDERS
Suzanne T. Ortega
Sharon L. Larson
META-ANALYSIS
Blair T. Johnson
METATHEORY
Walter L. Wallace
MEXICAN STUDIES
Guillermo de la Pena
Bryan R. Roberts
MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES
George Sabagh
MILITARY SOCIOLOGY
David J. Armor
MODERNIZATION THEORY
J. Michael Armer
John Katsillis
MONEY
Viviana Zelizer
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Thomas J. Figurski
MULTIPLE INDICATOR MODELS
Kyle Kercher
MUSIC
Richard A. Peterson
NATIONAL BORDER RELATIONS, MANAGEMENT OF
Raimondo Strassoldo
NATIONALISM
Saad Nagi
NEGOTIATION OF POWER
Bruno Tellia
NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS
Subhash Sonnad
OBSERVATION SYSTEMS
Richard B. Kettner-Polley
OCCUPATIONAL AND CAREER MOBILITY
Margaret Mooney Marini
OCCUPATIONAL PRESTIGE
Keiko Nakao
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Rodolfo Alvarez
Leah Robin
ORGANIZED CRIME
Marilyn E. Walsh
PARADIGMS AND MODELS
Bernard P. Cohen
PARENTAL ROLES
Constance L. Shehan
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
Francesca Cancian
PEACE
Louis Kreisberg
PENOLOGY
J. Forbes Farmer
PERSONAL AUTONOMY
Kerry Marsh
PERSONAL DEPENDENCY
Mario Mikulincer
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Kenneth I. Spenner
PERSONALITY MEASUREMENT
Gerard Saucier
PERSONALITY THEORY
Frank Dumont
PERSUASION
Susan McWilliams
PHENOMENOLOGY
Myron Orleans
POLICE
Carl B. Klockars
POLISH AND EASTERN EUROPEAN SOCIOLOGY
Jacek Szmatka
Kinga Wysienska
POLITICAL AND
GOVERNMENTAL
CORRUPTION
Richard Mcgrath Skinner
POLITICAL CORRECTNESS
Pierre L. van den Berghe
POLITICAL CRIME
Austin T. Turk
xviii
LIST OF ARTICLES
POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS
David Knoke
POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEMS
Frederick D. Weil
POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY
J. Craig Jenkins
POPULAR CULTURE
Chandra Mukerji
POPULATION
Thomas W. Pullum
PORNOGRAPHY
Charles Winick
POSITIVE MENTAL HEALTH
Janet Hankin
POSITIVISM
Jonathan H. Turner
POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
Robert A. Fiala
POSTMODERNISM
Augustine Brannigan
POVERTY
Wayne J. Villemez
PRAGMATISM
David R. Maines
PREDICTION AND FUTURES STUDIES
Alberto Gasparini
PREGNANCY AND PREGNANCY TERMINATION
Lynn Borgatta
PREJUDICE
Marylee C. Taylor
Thomas F. Pettigrew
PROBABILITY THEORY
Ronald J. Schoenberg
PROBATION AND PAROLE
Joseph G. Weis
PROFESSIONS
Patricia A. Roos
PROTEST MOVEMENTS
Leonard Gordon
PUBLIC OPINION
Kurt Lang
PUBLIC POLICY ANALYSIS
James D. Wright
QUALITATIVE METHODS
Laura L. Ellingson
Carolyn Ellis
QUALITATIVE MODELS
Alex Durig
David R. Heise
QUALITY OF LIFE
Kyriakos S. Markides
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH DESIGNS
Kyle Kercher
Karl Kosloski
RACE
Susan R. Pitchford
RATIONAL CHOICE THEORY
Russell Hardin
RELIABILITY
Richard A. Zeller
RELIGION, POLITICS, AND WAR
John H. Simpson
RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS
Jeffrey K. Hadden
RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS
James R. Wood
RELIGIOUS ORIENTATIONS
Robert Wuthnow
REMARRIAGE
J. Jill Suitor
Shirley A. Keeton
REPLICATION
Lowell J. Hargens
RESEARCH FUNDING IN SOCIOLOGY
Howard P. Greenwald
RETIREMENT
Melissa A. Hardy
Kim Shuey
REVOLUTIONS
Robert C. Liebman
ROLE THEORY
Bruce J. Biddle
ROLE THEORY: FOUNDATIONS, EXTENSIONS, AND APPLICATIONS
John H. Yost
James R. Bailey
RURAL SOCIOLOGY
Gene F. Summers
Frederick H. Buttel
SAMPLE SELECTION BIAS
Christopher Winship
Robert D. Mare
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Lowell J. Hargens
SCANDINAVIAN SOCIOLOGY
Carl Gunnar Janson
SCIENCE
Warren Hagstrom
SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION
Linda Derksen
John Gartrell
SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS AND DATA ARCHIVES
Toby L. Parcel
xix
LIST OF ARTICLES
SECULARIZATION
N.J. Demerath, III
SEGREGATION AND
DESEGREGATION
Albert W. Black, Jr.
SEGREGATION INDICES
Douglas S. Massey
SELF-CONCEPT
Richard B. Felson
SELF-ESTEEM
Todd F. Heatherton
Kathleen D. Vohs
SENTIMENTS
Bernardo Cattarinussi
SEX DIFFERENCES
Monica Biernat
Kay Deaux
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN MARRIAGE AND CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS
Marion C. Willetts
Janis C. Weber
SEXUAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
Kendal Broad
John H. Scanzoni
William Marsiglio
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
Mary Gilmore
Pepper Schwartz
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
William Simon
SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND EXPLOITATION
Sharon Araji
SLAVERY AND INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE
David R. James
Sara Heiliger
SMALL GROUPS
Robert W. Shotola
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ELITES
Patrick Akard
SOCIAL BELONGING
Gabriele Pollini
SOCIAL CAPITAL
Tracy Karner
SOCIAL CHANGE
Craig Calhoun
SOCIAL COMPARISON
PROCESSES
Karen A. Hegvedt
SOCIAL CONTROL
Allen E. Liska
SOCIAL DYNAMICS
Nancy Brandon Tuma
SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY
Karen S. Cook
SOCIAL FORECASTING
John Stimson
SOCIAL INDICATORS
Kenneth C. Land
SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Angela M. O’Rand
SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM
Szonja Szelenyi
SOCIALIZATION
Viktor Gecas
SOCIAL JUSTICE
Duane F. Alwin
SOCIAL MOBILITY
Thomas A. DiPrete
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Robert D. Benford
Timothy B. Gongaware
Danny L. Valadez
SOCIAL NETWORKS
Peter V. Marsden
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
Herman Turk
SOCIAL PERCEPTION
Barry Markovsky
SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
Alan Wolfe
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
Armand L. Mauss
Valerie Jenness
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
Howard B. Kaplan
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF STATUS ALLOCATION
Archibald O. Haller
Edward L. Fink
Laura Janusik
SOCIAL RESOURCES THEORY
Nan Lin
SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS
Fred C. Pampel
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
David B. Grusky
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Steve Rytina
SOCIAL VALUES AND NORMS
Margaret Mooney Marini
SOCIAL WORK
Carol Austin
Robert McClelland
SOCIETAL STRATIFICATION
Archibald O. Haller
SOCIETY AND TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS
Lee Clarke
SOCIOBIOLOGY, HUMAN
Joseph Lopreato
xx
LIST OF ARTICLES
SOCIOCULTURAL
ANTHROPOLOGY
Lin Poyer
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
Allen D. Grimshaw
SOCIOLOGY AMONG THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Mattei Dogan
SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION
Paul W. Kingston
SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAM
Riaz Hassan
SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE
E. Doyle McCarthy
SOCIOLOGY OF LAW
James M. Inverarity
SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION
Rodney Stark
SOUTHEAST ASIA STUDIES
Charles Hirschman
SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET SOCIOLOGY
Igor S. Kon
Vladimir A. Yadov
SPORT
Janet Lever
Jay Coakley
STANDARDIZATION
Christine L. Himes
STATE, THE
Jack A. Goldstone
STATISTICAL GRAPHICS
John Fox
STATISTICAL INFERENCE
Alan C. Acock
STATISTICAL METHODS
J. Scott Long
STATUS ATTAINMENT
Donald J. Treiman
STATUS INCONGRUENCE
Mattei Dogan
STRESS
Nan Lin
STRUCTURAL LAG (AND
CULTURAL LAG)
Anne Foner
STUDENT MOVEMENTS
Leonard Gordon
SUBURBANIZATION
John R. Logan
SUICIDE
Ronald W. Maris
SURVEY RESEARCH
Howard Schuman
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
Sheldon Stryker
SYSTEMS THEORY
Robert Boguslaw
TABULAR ANALYSIS
Jae-On Kim
Myoung-Jin Lee
TERRITORIAL BELONGING
Renzo Gubert
TERRORISM
Brian Michael Jenkins
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Richard Berk
TIME USE RESEARCH
Elke Koch-Weser Ammassari
TOURISM
Giovanni Delli Zotti
TRANSNATIONAL
CORPORATIONS
R. Alan Hedley
TYPOLOGIES
Kenneth D. Bailey
URBAN SOCIOLOGY
Lee J. Haggerty
URBAN UNDERCLASS
John D. Kasarda
UTOPIAN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Robert Boguslaw
VALIDITY
George W. Bohrnstedt
VALUE THEORY AND RESEARCH
David R. Karp
VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS
William V. D’Antonio
VOTING BEHAVIOR
Manfred Kuechler
WAR
Edgar Kiser
WHITE COLLAR CRIME
James E. Teele
WIDOWHOOD
Felix M. Berardo
Donna H. Berardo
WORK AND OCCUPATIONS
Barbara F. Reskin
WORK ORIENTATION
Charles W. Mueller
WORLD RELIGIONS
Larry D. Shinn
xxi