Elektrichestvo_i_magnetizm

________________________________________________________________

2010

( ),

( ) .

.

:

, ,

.

, , .

: / .

; . , 2009.

( )

.

(8, 9, 10)

.

4, 5, 7,

. 1, 2, 3, 6

.

–

.

1-2 .

60 84 1/16. . . ..- . . N

190000, , ., 67

© , 2009

2

1

…………………………………...4

2

…………..8

3

……………………………………………………………………….15

4

…………………………………….20

5

………………….....25

6

………...34

7

…………………………………….41

8

……………………………………………..50

9

……………..59

10

……………………………………..62

……………………..………………………………68

3

1

:

.

(

) .

,

,

.

I,

M = pm × B,	M = INSB sin	(1)
pm – ,

; B – ; –

; S – ; -

.

J = Mdt	(2)
J – , - .

0 = /2.

,

, , .

0 = /2

M NSBI.

(2) 0

( - )

J 0 NSBq (3)

0– , ; q – ,

,

q I (t)dt.	(4)
0

4

1 J 2		1	N 2 S 2 B2q2		.	(5)
2	0	2		J
= - /2.
W = 2/2 + J 2/2;						(6)

( –

), – .

0

.

.

max

( =0).

,

	C max2					J 2				(7)
							0		.
2							2
(7) (5)
q K max										(8)
(8)
	K			JC				.		(9)
			NSB
.
,
, , . . .
– ,
								q		U
( )
C = q/U										(10)

n

" .
	(8),	,	,
n
q = Kn.			(11)

5

K

)
C0.
(10) (11)
q0 = C0U					(12)
q0 = Kn0					(13)
(12) (13) q0,
K		C0 U		.	(14)
		n0
(10) (11),
:
C Kn .					(15)
		U
U , ,
(14) K (15),
C	C0n		.		(16)
		n0

,

, .

.1.

.1.

1 ,

U V.

R .

2 .

3

C0, C1 C2,

6

, C3 C4,

C1 C2.

4 .

1.« » .

2.1 U

.

3.3 C0.

2 C0

, .

n0 " .

.

4.n1, n2, n3, n4 (n1 - C1, n2 - C2, n3 – C1 C2,

, n4 – C1 C2,

).

1.

				1
n0, .	n1, .	n2, .	n3, .	n4, .
n =	n =	n =	n =	n =

1.

n , n , n , n , n .

1.

2.n , (14)

K.

3.n , n , n , n , (16) (

(15)) C1, C2, C , C (C –

C1 C2, ; C –

C1 C2,

).

4. C1 C2,

C C

.

2.

7

						2
K	C1	C2	C	C	C	C

5. .

.

2.?

?

4.?

2

:

,

,

.

,

C,

L R.

( )

0,

= 0 cos( t+ ),				(1)
,			,
	dI	1
L		IR q	cos( t ),
	dt	C	0	(2)

I – ; q – .

(2)

)

.

(

8

),

(2).

.

z z

=arg(z)

( j= 1 )

z z (cos j sin ) z e j .	(3)

,

,

.

, (2)

		ˆ		ˆ
		dI	ˆ
	L			q
		dt	RI	ˆ,	(4)
ˆ				C
					–
I	– ; ˆ

ˆ e j( t ) ˆ		0	e	j t .	(5)
0
	0 = | ˆ | – « » ( ),

ˆ0 = 0 (cos jsin ) – « ».

(4) (2) :

(4) (2).

(5)

(4),

d

2

ˆ

ˆ

1

ˆ

j t

L

I

R

dI

.

dt2

dt

I j ˆ0e

C

(6)

ˆ

ˆ

I

I (t) .

ˆ

ˆ

j t

,

(7)

I

I0e

ˆ

I0 – .

(7) (6).

ˆ0	=R +j L+	1	.
ˆ		j C
I 0

.

Z:

(8)

(8)

9

Z=R+j L+		1	=R+j( L		1	).
	j				C	(9)
		( )
Re(Z)=R.
Im(Z)= L		1
		C				(10)

(RL L)

(RC=1/ C) .

ˆ		j
Z Z0e		,
Z0	R2		L		1		2	,
					C
						(11)
				L		1				.
a r c t g						C
					R
						(12)

Z0 ( )

.

( (8);

,

).

(8) ,

I0	0		.
					(13)
	Z 0
(11)
L		1		0.	(14)
		C
		(14)

. , (14),

1 .	(15)
LC

0.

10