English_for_customs / English for customs / unit1 / 13

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UNITl

RUSSIAN CUSTOMS

Exercise 10. Complete the following sentences using the passive form of the right word from the box.

allow	be	collect
purchase	treat	require
put	pay	hand down
do

l.The word tamga meant "a Customs tax, the official who collected it, and the stamped seal or statement verifying that it ".

2. The right to collect duties from the state.

3. In Kievan Rus taxes for transportation of goods through the frontiers of its

individual princedoms.

4. The first Russian Customs statute in 1667.

5. The first Russian Customs statute was strict towards foreigners who to trade

only in frontier towns.

6. During 1991-1994 a lot to create the Customs legislation.

7. The two important laws into power during 1991-1994.

8. The Russian Customs Service for almost all of its history, much more than

a force for keeping out contraband.

9. A special tsar's certificate for trading inside the country.

10. The Russian Customs Service as equal.

> .

Exercise 11. Present Perfect

There are two main uses or meanings of the Present Perfect.

1. A completed action connected with the present. For example:

The Customs policy has already performed its historical role in Western European countries.

2. A state continuing from the past up to the present time. For example:

Russia has had a Customs Service in some form for the past 1000 years. It has been much more than a force for keeping out contraband.

It has been a powerful, highly politicized administrative organ, serving mainly protectionist leaders.

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