Саушкин О. В. Тяговый расчет трактора
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H;SB? IHEH@?GBY
Ly]h\uc jZkq_l ljZdlhjZ y\ey_lky h^gbf ba \Z`guo jZa^_eh\ dmjkZ l_hjbb ljZdlhjZ < g_f h[h[s_g fZl_jbZe ly]h\hc ^bgZfbdb Z lZd`_ lhi- eb\ghc wdhghfbqghklb ljZdlhjZ ijb \uiheg_gbb bf hkgh\ghc k\h_c l_ogh- eh]bq_kdhc nmgdpbb
< ly]h\hf jZkq_l_ hkms_kl\ey_fhf \ ijhp_kk_ ijh_dlbjh\Zgby hij_- ^_eyxl hkgh\gu_ iZjZf_lju ljZdlhjZ dhlhju_ oZjZdl_jbamxl hkgh\gu_ _]h wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ dZq_kl\Z ly]h\h kdhjhklgu_ b fhsghklgu_ ihdZaZl_eb Z lZd`_ ihdZaZl_eb lhieb\ghc wdhghfbqghklb
JZkq_l wlbo ihdZaZl_e_c hkms_kl\ey_lky ih ba\_klguf nhjfmeZf l_h- jbb ljZdlhjZ k bkihevah\Zgb_f bkoh^guo ^Zgguo ijb\_^_gguo \ bg^b\b^m- Zevguo ^ey dZ`^h]h klm^_glZ l_ogbq_kdbo aZ^Zgbyo ijbe
G_^hklZxsb_ ^ey jZkq_lZ ^Zggu_ klm^_glu hij_^_eyxl kZfhklhyl_ev- gh hjb_glbjmykv gZ bo agZq_gby ijb\_^_ggu_ \ l_ogbq_kdbo hibkZgbyo b oZjZdl_jbklbdZo ljZdlhjZ ijhlhlbiZ Z lZd`_ \ ijbeh`_gbyo wlh]h ihkh[by Ijb \u[hj_ ljZdlhjZ ijhlhlbiZ gZ^h mqblu\Zlv qlh jZaebqgu_ agZq_gby
ghfbgZevghc ly]h\hc kbeu Pdjg aZ^Zggu_ bg^b\b^mZevgufb aZ^Zgbyfb fh-
]ml oZjZdl_jbah\Zlv h^bg b lhl `_ ly]h\uc deZkk l d lbiZ` ljZdlhjh\ kf ijbe ^himkdZ_l hldehg_gb_ wlhc kbeu hl ghfbgZeZ oZjZdl_jbamxs_]h ly- ]h\uc deZkk ljZdlhjZ
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IJBF?GY?FU? H;HAG:Q?GBY
i ghf_j hkb dhe_kgh]h ljZdlhjZ i = 1, 2 (1 i_j_^gyy 2 aZ^gyy hkb j ghf_j i_j_^Zqb \ ljZgkfbkkbb
Gw , mw wdkiemZlZpbhggu_ \_k b fZkkZ ljZdlhjZ
md – dhgkljmdpbhggZy fZkkZ ljZdlhjZ Gkp kp_ighc \_k ljZdlhjZ
Yi ghjfZevgZy j_Zdpby hl ]jmglZ gZ dhe_kZ i lhc hkb ljZdlhjZ
λ ^ klZlbq_kdbc b ^bgZfbq_kdbc dhwnnbpb_glu gZ]jmadb aZ^gbo dhe_k ljZdlhjZ
λ g ^bgZfbq_kdbc dhwnnbpb_gl gZ]jmadb aZ^gbo dhe_k ljZdlhjZ \ gh- fbgZevghf j_`bf_ ^\b`_gby;
λ dhwnnbpb_gl bkihevah\Zgby \_kZ ljZdlhjZ ^ey kha^Zgby ^\b`bl_- e_f kbeu ly]b
dhwnnbpb_gl b kbeZ khijhlb\e_gby dZq_gbx ljZdlhjZ
Pd , Pdg , Pdf dZkZl_evgu_ kbeu ly]b khhl\_lkl\_ggh l_dmsZy ghfb- gZevgZy b fZdkbfZevgZy ih ^\b]Zl_ex
Pdj , Pdjg , Pdjf kbeu ly]b gZ djxd_ khhl\_lkl\_ggh l_dmsZy ghfb- gZevgZy b fZdkbfZevgZy ih ^\b]Zl_ex
ϕ dj , ϕ djg , ϕ djf khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ m^_evgu_ kbeu ly]b ljZdlhjZ gZ djxd_
Pdij , Pdjij ij_^_evgu_ ih kp_ie_gbx dZkZl_evgZy kbeZ ly]b b khhl\_l- kl\_ggh kbeZ ly]b gZ djxd_
ϕ djij m^_evgZy ij_^_evgZy ih kp_ie_gbx kbeZ ly]b gZ djxd_ vT , v l_hj_lbq_kdZy b ^_ckl\bl_evgZy kdhjhklb ljZdlhjZ
δ , δ g , δ ij dhwnnbpb_glu [mdkh\Zgby khhl\_lkl\_ggh l_dmsbc \ gh- fbgZevghf j_`bf_ ^\b`_gby ^himkdZ_fuc b ij_^_evguc \ j_`bf_ ^\b- `_gby dh]^Z Pd = Pdij );
ng , M g , Ng khhl\_lkl\_ggh qZklhlZ \jZs_gby \ZeZ djmlysbc fhf_gl b wnn_dlb\gZy fhsghklv ^\b]Zl_ey \ ghfbgZevghf _]h j_`bf_ jZ[hlu
nf , M f , N f lh `_ ijb jZ[hl_ ^\b]Zl_ey \ j_`bf_ fZdkbfZevgh]h fh-
f_glZ
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ω ^ , ω dL m]eh\u_ kdhjhklb khhl\_lkl\_ggh \ZeZ ^\b]Zl_ey b dhe_kZ i -
lhc hkb ljZdlhjZ
df, dn ± dhwnnbpb_glu ijbkihkh[ey_fhklb ^\b]Zl_ey ih djmlys_fm fhf_glm b khhl\_lkl\_ggh ih qZklhl_ \jZs_gby \ZeZ ^\b]Zl_ey
N dj , N f ly]h\Zy djxdh\Zy fhsghklv b khhl\_lkl\_ggh fhsghklv aZljZq_ggZy gZ kZfhi_j_^\b`_gb_ ljZdlhjZ
N f , Nδ f_oZgbq_kdb_ ihl_jb fhsghklb \ ljZgkfbkkbb b ^\b`bl_e_ b khhl\_lkl\_ggh ihl_jb fhsghklb gZ [mdkh\Zgb_ ljZdlhjZ
η f , η L f_oZgbq_kdbc DI> b khhl\_lkl\_ggh ly]h\uc DI> ljZdlhjZ
r, rkl, r^ jZ^bmku ig_\fhdhe_kZ khhl\_lkl\_ggh k\h[h^guc klZlbq_- kdbc ^bgZfbq_kdbc
pr ^Z\e_gb_ \ha^moZ \ ig_\fhrbg_ \ klZlbq_kdhf iheh`_gbb L [ZaZ dhe_kgh]h ljZdlhjZ
hdj \ukhlZ ebgbb ly]b gZ^ iehkdhklvx dhglZdlZ ^\b`bl_ey ljZdlhjZ k ]jmglhf \ukhlZ ebgbb ijbp_iZ djxdZ
r^ , t] , za\ ^bgZfbq_kdbc jZ^bmk \_^ms_]h dhe_kZ ]mk_gbqgh]h ljZdlh- jZ rZ] ]mk_gbpu b qbkeh a\_gv_\ ljZdh\ mdeZ^u\Z_fuo aZ h^bg h[hjhl \_- ^ms_]h dhe_kZ
6
IHJY>HD LY=H<H=H J:KQ?L:
Hij_^_e_gb_ wdkiemZlZpbhgghc fZkku ljZdlhjZ
WdkiemZlZpbhggZy fZkkZ ljZdlhjZ mw ih^kqblu\Z_lky ba khh[jZ`_gbc
j_ZebaZpbb ghfbgZevghc kbeu ly]b gZ djxd_ Pdjg \ klZg^Zjlguo ]jmglh\uo
mkeh\byo ijb ^himklbfhf [mdkh\Zgbb ljZdlhjZ δ ^hi = δ |
g ih nhjfme_ |
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mw = |
Pdjg |
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g ϕ djg |
λ |
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]^_ ϕ |
djg m^_evgZy ghfbgZevgZy kbeZ ly]b gZ djxd_ jZa\b\Z_fZy ljZdlhjhf |
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(ϕ djg |
= |
Pdjg |
, Gkp kp_ighc \_k |
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Gkp |
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λ |
dhwnnbpb_gl bkihevah\Zgby kp_igh]h \_kZ ljZdlhjZ λ = |
Gkp |
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; ^ey |
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g m |
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]mk_gbqguo b dhe_kguo iheghijb\h^guo ljZdlhjh\ |
λ ^ey hklZevguo |
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ljZdlhjh\ λ |
= λ g kf lZd`_ i |
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AgZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glh\ ϕ djg b λ \u[bjZxlky \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl lbiZ |
b \b^Z ljZdlhjZ ba ijbe WdkiemZlZpbhggmx fZkkm fh`gh lZd`_ hij_^_- eblv ih nhjfme_
mw |
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A |
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]^_ agZq_gby dhwnnbpb_glZ A = g ϕ |
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djg |
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λ ^ey jZaebqguo lbih\ b \b^h\ ljZd- |
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lhjh\ ijb\_^_gu \ klZg^Zjl_ =HKL ijbe imgdl |
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DhgkljmdpbhggZy fZkkZ md ljZdlhjZ hij_^_ey_lky ih khhlghr_gbx |
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md = |
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mw |
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kd |
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]^_ kd |
= 1,15 b 1,08 khhl\_lkl\_ggh ^ey dhe_kguo b ]mk_gbqguo ljZdlhjh\ |
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Hij_^_e_gb_ \_kh\hc gZ]jmadb gZ hkb dhe_kgh]h ljZdlhjZ |
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Hp_gdZ gZ]jm`_gghklb hk_c ljZdlhjZ \ klZlbq_kdhf iheh`_gbb ijb |
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Pdj = |
0 b \ ^bgZfbq_kdhf iheh`_gbb ijb Pdj = Pdjg hkms_kl\ey_lky khhl- |
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\_lkl\_ggh ih ke_^mxsbf nhjfmeZf |
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G2kl = λ kl Gw ; |
G1kl = (1 − λ kl ) Gw ; |
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G2g = λ g Gw ; |
G1g = (1 − λ g ) Gw ; Gw = g mw , |
]^_ ^bgZfbq_kdbc dhwnnbpb_gl gZ]jmadb aZ^gbo dhe_k \ ghfbgZevghf j_`b-
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f_ ^\b`_gby ijb[eb`_ggh jZ\_g [1]
λ g = λ kl + |
ϕ |
djg |
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hdj |
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AgZq_gby klZlbq_kdh]h dhwnnbpb_glZ λ kl ^ey jZaebqguo lbih\ ljZdlhjh\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e ijbe 3.
Dhgkljmdlb\gu_ iZjZf_lju hdj b L j_dhf_g^m_lky klm^_glZf \u[b-
jZlv kZfhklhyl_evgh hjb_glbjmykv ijb wlhf gZ ^Zggu_ ljZdlhjZ ijhlhlbiZkf ijbe < hkgh\ghf ijb ly]h\hf jZkq_l_ fh`gh ijbgbfZlv ^ey \k_o
lbih\ ljZdlhjh\ hdj = 0,4 f .
Ih^[hj ig_\fhrbg b jZkq_l ^bgZfbq_kdbo jZ^bmkh\
Ih^[hj ig_\fhrbg hkms_kl\ey_lky ih \_ebqbg_ jZkq_lguo gZ]jmahd Qi gZ gbo b ijbgylh]h \gmlj_gg_]h ^Z\e_gby \ha^moZ prL \ rbgZo <_ebqbgZ
gZ]jmahd Q2 gZ aZ^gb_ dhe_kZ ljZdlhjh\ D D b D ijb gZ\_rb\Zgbb k_evkdhohayckl\_gguo fZrbg \hajZklZ_l ihwlhfm ih^[bjZlv rbgu gm`gh lZd qlh[u ^ey aZ^gbo dhe_k [ue aZiZk ]jmahih^t_fghklb ihjy^dZ l _
Q1 = 0,5 G1kl ; Q2 = 0,5 1,3 G2kl .
Djhf_ lh]h g_h[oh^bfh j_a_j\bjh\Zlv ^ey dhe_kguo ljZdlhjh\ D aZiZk ]jmahih^t_fghklb gZ ig_\fhrbgu i_j_^g_]h fhklZ ihjy^dZ l d gZ i_- j_^gbc fhkl fh]ml gZ\_rb\Zlvky jZaebqgu_ l_ogheh]bq_kdb_ hjm^by
>ey ljZdlhjh\ D [ rbgu i_j_^gbo b aZ^gbo dhe_k ih^[bjZxlky h^b- gZdh\ufb ih gZ]jmad_ Q1 Ijb \u[hj_ jZkq_lguo agZq_gbc prL ke_^m_l mqblu\Zlv ^Zggu_ ijb\_^_ggu_ \ lZ[e
Ih jZkq_lguf agZq_gbyf Qi b prL kh]eZkgh ^Zgguo ijb\_^_gguo \
ijbe hkms_kl\ey_lky ih^[hj klZg^Zjlguo rbg lZ[e b hij_^_eyxlky ^ey wlbo rbg lZ[e ke_^mxsb_ iZjZf_lju gZjm`gu_ k\h[h^gu_ ghfb-
gZevgu_ ^bZf_lju Di b rbjbgZ ijhnbe_c rbg bi ( i = |
1, 2 ). |
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>bgZfbq_kdb_ jZ^bmku r^L ig_\fhrbg hij_^_eyxl ih khhlghr_gbx |
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r^L = 0,5 Di − |
1 |
Q^L , |
(3) |
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ci |
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]^_ ci ghjfZevgZy `_kldhklv rbgu Q^L ghjfZevgZy gZ]jmadZ gZ rbgm Ijb[eb`_ggh `_kldhklv rbgu fh`gh hp_gblv ih nhjfme_ O_c^_d_ey [14]:
c |
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2 π |
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rL |
(r |
r )0,5 |
; (i =1,2), |
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ci |
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]^_ k\h[h^guc jZ^bmk |
ri = |
0,5 Di jZ^bmk ihi_j_qgh]h k_q_gby ijhnbey |
rbgu rci = 0,5 bi ( bi - rbjbgZ ijhnbey rbgu
>ey kijZ\db \ lZ[e ijb\_^_gu agZq_gby `_kldhkl_c g_dhlhjuo ljZd- lhjguo ig_\fhrbg
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>Z\e_gb_ \ha^moZ \ rbgZo gZ jZaebqguo jZ[hlZo
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LjZdlhj |
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K_evkdhohayckl\_ggu_ |
LjZgkihjlgu_ jZ[hlu |
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jZ[hlu |
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pr1 , FIZ |
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pr2 , FIZ |
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pr1 , FIZ |
pr2 , FIZ |
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L |
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0,14 |
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0,08 |
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0,20 |
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L F |
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0,14 |
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0,34 |
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0,20 |
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L F |
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0,14 |
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FLA |
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0,14 |
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0,12 |
0,25 |
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0,17 |
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FLA |
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0,12 |
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0,08 |
0,25 |
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0,16 |
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L D |
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0,12 |
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0,10 |
0,16 |
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0,12 |
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D |
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0,11 |
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0,12 |
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@_kldhklv ljZdlhjguo rbg |
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FZjdZ rbgu |
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@_kldhklv rbg dG f ijb ^Z\e_gbb \ha^moZ dIZ) |
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0,08 |
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0,1 |
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4,5-16 |
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80…100 |
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90…110 |
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120…140 |
130…160 |
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6-16 |
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100…120 |
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130…160 |
150…180 |
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7,5-16 |
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110…130 |
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140…170 |
160…200 |
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10,6-16 |
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150…160 |
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180…200 |
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9,5-32 |
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130…140 |
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150…170 |
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12R38 |
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200…220 |
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240…260 |
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320…340 |
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13,6R38 |
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180…200 |
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220…230 |
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300…310 |
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<_ebqbgZ r^L ih^kqblZggZy ih nhjfme_ y\ey_lky i_j_f_gghc l d hgZ aZ\bkbl hl Q^L Z ke_^h\Zl_evgh b hl Pdj H^gZdh klZlbklbq_kdbc ZgZeba wdki_jbf_glZevguo ^Zgguo k\b^_l_evkl\m_l h lhf qlh gZ ly]_ \ ahg_ lj_- [m_fuo agZq_gbc ly]h\h]h DI> ljZdlhjZ η T ≥ 0,95 η T max agZq_gb_ r^L ba- f_gy_lky g_kms_kl\_ggh ihwlhfm ijb ly]h\hf jZkq_l_ fh`gh r^L ijbgbfZlv ihklhygguf b ih^kqblu\Zlv _]h ih wfibjbq_kdhc nhjfme_ [ 1]
r^L = |
0,5 Di |
− |
(0,14...0,18) bi . |
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>bgZfbq_kdbc jZ^bmk \_^ms_]h dhe_kZ ]mk_gbqgh]h ljZdlhjZ hij_^_- |
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eyxl ih nhjfme_ |
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r^ |
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t] za\ |
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2 π |
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AgZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ |
t] b |
za\ \u[bjZxl hjb_glbjmykv gZ ^Zggu_ |
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ljZdlhjZ ijhlhlbiZ kf ijbe |
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9
Hij_^_e_gb_ [mdkh\Zgby ljZdlhjZ
Ijb ijh\_^_gbb ly]h\uo bkiulZgbc ljZdlhjZ [mdkh\Zgb_ hij_^_ey_lky wdki_jbf_glZevgh Ijb ijh_dlghf ly]h\hf jZkq_l_ fh`gh bkihevah\Zlv wdk- i_jbf_glZevgmx djb\mx [mdkh\Zgby ljZdlhjZ ijhlhlbiZ _keb `_ lZdhc djb- \hc g_l lh ^ey __ ihkljh_gby bkihevamxl jZaebqgu_ l_hj_lbq_kdb_ wfibjb- q_kdb_ aZ\bkbfhklb dhlhju_ hljZ`Zxl k ^hklZlhqghc ^ey bg`_g_jghc ijZd- lbdb j_Zevguc oZjZdl_j baf_g_gby [mdkh\Zgby ijb i_j_f_gghc djxdh\hc gZ]jmad_
< dmjkh\hc jZ[hl_ ^ey ih^kq_lZ [mdkh\Zgby ^ey jZaebqguo agZq_gbc dZkZl_evghc kbeu ly]b Pd j_dhf_g^m_lky bkihevah\Zlv nhjfmem:
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Pd |
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δ = δ |
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d |
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]^_ Pd l_dms__ agZq_gb_ dZkZl_evghc kbeu ly]b ljZdlhjZ Pd = |
Pdj + Pf ); |
Pdij ij_^_evgh_ fZdkbfZevgh_ agZq_gb_ kbeu ly]b Pd ijb dhlhjhf gZqb-
gZ_lky ijhp_kk ihegh]h [mdkh\Zgby ljZdlhjZ δ → 1 hij_^_ey_fh_ ih nhj- fme_
Pdij = ϕ djijGkp + Pf ,
δ ij agZq_gb_ [mdkh\Zgby ijb dhlhjhf gZqbgZ_lky ijhp_kk ihegh]h [mdkh\Z-
gby ljZdlhjZ wlh agZq_gb_ [mdkh\Zgby khhl\_lkl\m_l kbe_ ly]b Pd = Pdijkf gZijbf_j jbk ijbf_j ijbe
J_dhf_g^m_fu_ agZq_gby iZjZf_ljh\ \oh^ysbo \ nhjfmem ijb\_- ^_gu \ ijbe
Hij_^_e_gb_ f_oZgbq_kdh]h DI> ljZdlhjZ
F_oZgbq_kdbc DI> ljZdlhjZ mqblu\Z_l ihl_jb fhsghklb \ ljZgkfbk- kbb b ^\b`bl_e_ ljZdlhjZ b hij_^_ey_lky ih nhjfme_
η f = η ] η lj , |
(5) |
]^_ η ] DI> ^\b`bl_ey ljZdlhjZ η ] = 1 ^ey dhe_kgh]h b η ] = |
0,97 ^ey ]m- |
k_gbqgh]h ljZdlhjh\ [8]), η lj f_oZgbq_kdbc DI> ljZgkfbkkbb ijb ly]h\hf
jZkq_l_ ijbgbfZ_lky ihklhygguf ^ey \k_o i_j_^Zq b hij_^_ey_lky ih nhj- fme_ [14]
η lj = η 1n1 η 2n2 η 3n3 , |
(6) |
]^_ η 1 , η 2 DI> pbebg^jbq_kdhc b khhl\_lkl\_ggh dhgbq_kdhc iZju r_kl_- j_gguo dhe_k η 1 = 0,985...0,990 , η 2 = 0,975...0,980 ), η 3 DI> ieZg_lZjgh- ]h jy^Z η 3 = 0,990 ); n1 , n2 , n3 qbkeh ihexkh\ aZp_ie_gby pbebg^jbq_-
10
kdbo dhgbq_kdbo r_kl_j_gguo dhe_k b khhl\_lkl\_ggh qbkeh ieZg_lZjguo jy^h\ hij_^_ey_fuo ih dbg_fZlbq_kdhc ko_f_ ljZgkfbkkbb ijh_dlbjm_fh- ]h ljZdlhjZ
Dbg_fZlbq_kdZy ko_fZ ljZgkfbkkbb ijh_dlbjm_fh]h ljZdlhjZ jZajZ[Z- lu\Z_lky klm^_glZfb kZfhklhyl_evgh k mq_lhf aZ^Zgby gZ dmjkh\mx jZ[hlm b \u[jZgghc dbg_fZlbq_kdhc ko_fu ljZdlhjZ ijhlhlbiZ GZ g_c hljZ`Zxlky lhevdh i_j_^Zqb ijyfh]h oh^Z hkgh\gh]h jZ[hq_]h ^bZiZahgZ kf gZijbf_j jbk ijbf_jh\ b ijb\_^_gguo khhl\_lkl\_ggh \ ijbe b
>ey iheghijb\h^guo dhe_kguo ljZdlhjh\ k dhe_kghc nhjfmehc D f_oZgbq_kdbc DI> ih^kqblu\Z_lky ih nhjfmeZf b ^ey dZ`^h]h ijb-
\h^Z d \_^msbf dhe_kZf η f1 b η f2 Ijb wlhf ih^kq_l ihdZaZl_e_c n1 , n 2 b n3 ijhba\h^blky g_aZ\bkbfh ^ey dZ`^h]h ba ijb\h^h\ H[sbc f_oZgbq_-
kdbc DI> \k_c ljZgkfbkkbb ih^kqblu\Z_lky ih nhjfme_
η f = α 1η f1 + α 2η f2 ,
]^_ dhwnnbpb_glu α 1 b α 2 \ wlhc nhjfme_ hij_^_eyxl ^heb fhsghklb Ne, i_j_^Z\Z_fu_ khhl\_lkl\_ggh gZ i_j_^gbc b aZ^gbc fhklu ljZdlhjZ
α 1 = N1e/Ne ; α 2 = N 2e/Ne ; α 1 + α 2 = 1.
?keb wlb ^heb fhsghklb \ujZablv k ^hklZlhqghc ^ey bg`_g_jguo jZk- q_lh\ lhqghklvx ijb[eb`_ggufb \ujZ`_gbyfb α 1 = Y g/Gw b α 2 = Y2g/Gw, lh \ j_amevlZl_ ihemqbf nhjfmem ih dhlhjhc fh`gh hp_gblv agZq_gb_ h[s_]h f_oZgbq_kdh]h DI> ljZdlhjZ
η f = η f1 Y1g + η f2 Y2g .
Gw Gw
Hij_^_e_gb_ ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb b ih^[hj ^\b]Zl_ey
GhfbgZevgZy fhsghklv ^\b]Zl_ey N g g_h[oh^bfZy ^ey h[_ki_q_gby ghfbgZevgh]h ly]h\h]h mkbeby Pdjg ijb aZ^Zgghc kdhjhklb ^\b`_gby hij_- ^_ey_lky ^ey \k_o lbih\ ljZdlhjh\ ih nhjfme_
Ng |
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Pdjg vT 1 |
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(7) |
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ka |
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]^_ vT 1 l_hj_lbq_kdZy kdhjhklv ljZdlhjZ gZ hc i_j_^Zq_ ijb jZ[hl_ ^\b]Z- l_ey \ ghfbgZevghf j_`bf_ ijb n^ = ng ) ; ka dhwnnbpb_gl aZ]jmadb ^\b]Z- l_ey ih fhf_glm ijbgbfZ_f k a = 0,9 ); η f agZq_gb_ f_oZgbq_kdh]h DI>
ljZgkfbkkbb ljZdlhjZ AgZq_gb_ l_hj_lbq_kdhc kdhjhklb vT 1 ^ey dZ`^h]h aZ^Zgby ijb\_^_gh \ lZ[e ijbe
>ey ljZdlhjh\ ]mk_gbqguo b dhe_kguo k nhjfmehc D nhjfmeZ
y\ey_lky lhqghc ^ey dhe_kguo iheghijb\h^guo ljZdlhjh\ k nhjfmehc D wlZ nhjfmeZ y\ey_lky ijb[eb`_gghc agZq_gb_ ihlj_[ghc ghfbgZevghc fhsghklb hdZau\Z_lky g_kdhevdh aZ\ur_gguf