Вариант 4
Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
All the members of the Council have outlined the measures for further cooperation in the field of production, science and technology.
Our counterparts have just been shown round the factory.
All spheres of life will be represented at the exhibition.
They have been exporting a lot of high equipment technology to Russia since 2000.
Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
The city has houses representing various architectural styles.
The questions discussed at the meeting were very important.
While working on the sales forecast the company refused to increase our discount.
The experiment was made according to the model worked out by the institute computer centre.
Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Our company can’t afford to buy these machines.
The announcement of the conference has to be made as soon possible.
You should contact someone in this company interested in our programme.
The agreement is to be signed by the end of the year.
Прочитайте, переведите текс. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
The Market Economy
The market economy organizes economic decision-making in a completely different way from the planned economy. In a pure market economy the state has no very little role to play in the directing of resources. A market is simply a place where buyers and sellers meet. the buyers are consumers, who come to the market to satisfy their wants. The sellers are producers (businesses), who own the resources and produce goods and services to sell at a profit. For a market economy to operate efficiently there must be complete freedom of economic activity. Consumers must be free to choose between different goods and services and free to spend their income as they wish. Producers must be free to organize resources as they wish in the pursuit of profit; this means the freedom to hire and fire labour, employ capital and switch from producing one type of good or service to another. In other words, in a market economy resources must be completely mobile. Government interference must be kept to a minimum to ensure the efficiency of the market system.
Central to the market system is the price mechanism. Prices move continually within markets to ensure that the decisions on how consumers wish to spend their incomes – known as demand – will always equal the amount producers are willing to produce – known as supply. Thus a market is concerned with market is concerned with matching demand and supply. This is often described as the operation of market forces. It is through this process of consumers voting for the goods and services they wish to consume via the way they spend their income that resources are directed towards the satisfying of those wants.
The price mechanism indicates those areas where resources are being inefficiently utilized. Products which become less popular will not all be sold at the existing price and surpluses will build up. To remove the surplus the price will be lowered, which will induce more consumers to purchase the product and at the same time act as a signal to producers to produce less as profits fall. Resources will be released from this market and become available to be employed in other markets where demand is expanding.
Thus a market economy is based upon individual consumer choices, with the government playing no part in the direction of resources.
What is to be done for a market economy to operate efficiently?
What should the degree of government interference into economy be?
What is demand?
What is supply?
What does the price mechanism indicate?