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3.Dunedin … (to situate) on the southeastern shore of South Island, New Zealand.

4.At present Wellington … (to have) several government buildings, commercial areas and docks.

5.Numerous mountains, lakes, hot pools, beaches and ski fields … (to locate) near Christchurch.

V. Find in the text the equivalents to the given words and phrases.

Пристань, правительственные здания, округ, городской, ресурсы древесины, генерал-губернатор, заповедник, прекращать, землетрясение, необработанный.

VI. Make a word tree. Find as many words as possible in the text to add to the tree.

		Beginning of the sentence	End of the sentence
	1. The population of Auckland		a) associated with Wellington.
	includes
	2.	While Dunedin stopped to	b) the discovery of gold in the
			central Otago district in the second
	grow,
			half of the 19th century.
	3.	Winds and regular	c) about one quarter of the
	earthquakes are		citizens living in New Zealand.
	4.	Numerous lakes, hot pools,	d) seen not far from
	mountains, ski fields and beaches can
			Christchurch.
	be
	5.	Dunedin became a	e) Auckland and Hamilton
	prosperous town after		developed quite intensively.

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VII. Match the following phrases into sentences.

VIII. Translate this passage from the text you have read (ex. 2) in the written form.

Auckland is New Zealand’s largest city. It is a modern cosmopolitan city with a beautiful, clear harbour where people go boating or swimming many months of the year. It has a population of over a million people. Twenty percent of the population is Maori and Polynesian. It is home to one quarter of the country’s inhabitants, the chief industrial, commercial, and international transportation centre. Near Auckland there are forests, farms, beaches, thermal pools and geysers, marine reserves and scuba diving locations.

Auckland was established in 1840 as the capital of the British colonial government. It was named for George Eden, earl of Auckland, first lord of the admiralty, and, later, governor-general of India. Auckland remained the capital until it was replaced in that role by Wellington. Auckland was officially made a city in 1871. It is the major industrial and commercial port of New Zealand. The port serves overseas and intercoastal shipping.

Wellington is the country’s second largest city and a main port. It is situated on the southern coast of North Island. Wellington is the nation’s capital, its administrative centre and the seat of the government with a population less than 200,000 people. Wellington is the transport link between the islands. It was settled by the first group of British immigrants to New Zealand in 1840. It was called by them Nicholson after a navy captain and it is sometimes called by this name. It is the third capital of New Zealand: its first capital was Russel, then the capital moved to Auckland. The city became the capital of New Zealand in 1865. The two most striking features of the city are its winds and constant danger of earthquakes. It is situated at the crossroads of the Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea and is known by its piercing winds. Its nickname is “The Windy City”. Wellington is the centre of finance and commerce. It has a beautiful harbour. Most businesses locate their head office in Wellington. The city contains commercial areas, docks, and government buildings, including the Houses of Parliament. It is interesting that the building of New Zealand’s parliament is called “the Beehive” because of its shape and architectural look reminding of a real beehive.

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IX. Imagine that one of your pen-friends lives in one of the cities of New Zealand which you have read about in the text above (ex. 2). You would like to travel there in summer. Ask him/her for the information about that city, including the following aspects:

1)location;

2)population;

3)history of foundation;

4)typical features of the city;

5)traditional landscapes surrounding the city;

6)role of the city for the residents of New Zealand.

X. Optional. Translate the following text into Russian.

Population of New Zealand

Although the country is about the same size as Japan, Italy or Great Britain, it is not as densely populated. In 1997 the total population numbered over 3.8 million people, including about 0.5 million Maori with an overall population density of about 13 persons per square kilometre.

The population is very unevenly distributed. Three fourths of New Zealanders (including more than 95 percent of the Maori) live on the warmer North Island. Largest centre is Auckland (over 1 million), capital is Wellington. About 84 percent of the people live in urban areas, and about half of these in the four largest cities and their suburbs. The largest centre of population is Auckland.

About 73 percent of the population of New Zealand is of European (many British) descent. About 12 percent are Maori, a Polynesian group, whose ancestors migrated to New Zealand about the 14th century. About 4 percent of the population is of Polynesian descent. Other ethnic groups make up the rest of the population. This diverse society has produced some racial tensions, but they have been small compared with those found in other parts of the world. Although the Maori have legal equality with those of European descent (called pakeha by the Maori), many feel unable to take their full place in a Europeantype society without compromising their traditional values.

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The Summer Gardens

What are your associations connected with St. Petersburg?

I. Read the text and say what new have you learned about the sights of these historical environments?

The Summer Garden, the oldest in the city, was laid out in 1704. Peter the Great dreamed of creating a garden more beautiful than that at Versailles and planted its first trees himself. The garden was created in "regular" style with straight alleys and paths, clipped shrubs and trees. It originally had dozens of fountains and sculptures brought from abroad. There was a hothouse for exotic plants and rare birds. Swans swam in a canal specially dug for them.

Give me roses, the gardens that are second to none, the finest park railings the world ever known.

.........................................................................

I dream, in the sweet-scented shade of the limes Of mainmasts a-creak as in earlier times.

And the swan slowly sails through the centuries, Admiring the grace of the double he sees.

ANNA AKHMATOVA

Famous grille fenced off the Summer Garden from the Neva Embankment. It is one of the finest examples of artistic wrought-iron work in the world. The grille was designed by the architect Yuri Felten.

It was told that a 19th century English lord, a patron of arts, anchored his boat in the Neva by the Summer Garden. He admired the black-and-golden grille and then set sail for England without going ashore. When asked the reason for this action the lord replied that the goal of this voyage had been achieved and nothing could surpass the splendour of this sight.

In the times of Peter the Great the Summer Gardens were much larger than they are now. They covered the Field of Mars and stretched almost to Nevsky Prospekt. The fountains of the Summer Gardens were the prototypes of the fabulous Petrodvorets fountains.

At first water for the fountains was pumped by a “great wheel” turned by horses from the river nearby the garden, which has been called The Fontanka. Later a water tower was built. Finally water was brought from Duderhof Lake not far from the city, the level of which was about 75 m higher than that of the Neva. The water first ran through a 20 km canal to the city pool and then 1.5 km

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through the pipe-system. The pipes were laid on the bottom of the Fontanka. It was a remarkable hydraulic project for its time.

Two disastrous floods, in 1777 and 1824, destroyed the fountains, pavilions, many trees and marble statues. In the lifetime of Peter I the gardens had 250 marble statues by Italian sculptors. After the floods, the gardens were not restored to their former glory.

Peter the Great used the gardens as a place for festivities called "assemblies". He ordered assemblies and masquerades to be held and all courtiers and nobility gathered here with their wives and grown children. Sometimes the guests were required to arrive in rowing or sailing boats. Nobody could refuse to attend these assemblies.

For a long time the garden was opened only to the aristocrats. In the mid19th century Nicholas I issued an edict which said:

“The Summer Garden is open to all military men and decently dressed people. Ordinary people, MUZHIKS, shall not be allowed to walk through the garden.”

The Summer Gardens, framed by water, with their trees, shady alleys, and statues near the greenery is one of the decorations of the city. In the cold seasons the sculptures have cases where they are put over them for protection from rain and snow. The trees too are carefully preserved. Not a single tree was cut during the years of the blockade when trenches were dug, and antiaircraft guns installed in the Summer Gardens and when the people of Leningrad had nothing at all to warm their homes with. The sculptures were also carefully preserved.

The Summer Garden with its ancient oaks, limes is a popular place of recreation. Its alleys are decorated with marble sculptures. Among them are the busts of Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar and the allegorical statues of Glory, Architecture, Navigation, Justice, Truth, Peace and Plenty. Many sculptures were made by the outstanding 18th century Venetian masters.

At the south entrance to the garden stands a beautiful vase of pink porphyry. It's a present given to Nicholas I by the Swedish king Charles XIV. In 1839 the vase was installed on a pedestal.

II. Answer the following questions to the text.

1.What was the reason for one English lord not to go ashore and admire the railing of the Summer Gardens there?

2.Why did Anna Achmatova mention swans in her famous poem dedicated to the gardens? What did the gardens look like before the floods?

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3.How did the guests spend time in the gardens?

4.Could public use the gardens for walks in the mid-19th century?

5.How did the citizens save the Summer Gardens during the years of the blockade?

6.What can visitors see in the Summer Gardens now?

III. Put the missing verbs in the right form.

to anchor, to lay, to did, to pump, to fence ,to

destroy

1.Water for the fountains was ............ from the Fontanka river.

2.The pipes were ............ on the bottom of the river.

3.Two disastrous floods in 1777 and 1824 ........... the fountains, pavilions, many trees and marble statues.

4.A splendid railing ............. off the garden from the Neva Embankment.

5.In the 19th century English lord ............ his boat in the Neva near the Summer Gardens.

6.Swans swam in a canal specially ............. for them.

IV. Find in the text the equivalents to the garden words and phrases.

(Grille –railing) Iron fence –

Properly dressed people – The aim of the voyage – To issue a decree –

The famous masters – Fantastic – Surrounded by water – To extend over – Shrubs and trees –

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V. Make a word-tree. Find as many word as possible in the text to add to the tree.

The Summer

Gardens

VI. Match the phrases into sentences

	1.	One of the English lords		when the people		of
	admired the black – and – golden			Leningrad had nothing at all to
	grille from the boat.			warm their homes with.
	2.	Ordinary	people,	and stretched from the
	“muzhiks”, should not be allowed to			Field of Mars to Nevsky
	walk through the gardens.			Prospect.
	3.	Not a single tree was cut		which was disastrous
	during the years of the blockade
	4.	In the times of the Peter		because	they were	not
	the Great the Summer Gardens were
				decently dressed.
	very large
	5.	The floods of 1771 and		which was anchored in
				the Neva by	the Summer
	1824 caused great damage			Gardens.

VII. Translate two abstracts from the text.

1) At first water for the fountains was pumped by a “great wheel” turned by horses from the river nearby the garden, which has been called The Fontanka. Later a water tower was built. Finally water was brought from Duderhof Lake not far from the city, the level of which was about 75 m higher than that of the Neva. The water first ran through a 20 km canal to the city pool and then 1.5 km through the pipe-system. The pipes were laid on the bottom of the Fontanka. It was a remarkable hydraulic project for its time.

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2) Famous grille fenced off the Summer Garden from the Neva Embankment. It is one of the finest examples of artistic wrought-iron work in the world. The grille was designed by the architect Yuri Felten.

It was told that a 19th century English lord, a patron of arts, anchored his boat in the Neva by the Summer Garden. He admired the black-and-golden grille and then set sail for England without going ashore. When asked the reason for this action the lord replied that the goal of this voyage had been achieved and nothing could surpass the splendour of this sight.

VIII. Imagine that one of your friends is coming to your city. You would like to give him/her a brief information to the sights of the historical environment:

a)palaces

b)parks

c)churches

d)monuments

e)your favourite place

IX. Translate the following text from English into Russian.

Peter The Great's Summer Palace (Letny dvorets)

1710 – 1714. Architect — D. Trezzini. Since 1934, a historical museum (of mode of life).

Not far from the entrance to the Summer Gardens on the side facing the Neva stands Peter the Great's Summer Palace. The building typifies the architecture of early St. Petersburg with its simple and austere form, clean-cut layout and modest facades.

Peter I moved into the palace when its interior decoration was not yet finished and stayed there every summer until his death.

The ground floor was occupied by Peter himself and the first floor by his wife Catherine. The upper floor is furnished with great splendour. The spaces between the columns in the dancing room are decorated with Venetian mirrors which were in fashion at the time, and the throne-room has a decorated ceiling representing Catherine in a chariot drawn by eagles. The walls are hung with tapestries representing exotic landscapes and genre scenes. On the ground floor are displayed the personal belongings of Peter the Great.

In 1961-1964 the palace was thoroughly restored. The painstaking study of old documents and the architecture of the palace itself and similar 18th-century

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structures enabled the restorers to bring the exterior and the interior of the palace to their original condition.

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Level “B”

The Verger

I. Pre-text questions:

1.What holy tides are celebrated in your country?

2.What personality traits should verger have?

3.How often and when do you go to the church?

II. Have you ever read stories written by W Somerset Maugham? What are your impressions of them?

by W Somerset Maugham

There had been a Christening that afternoon at St. Peter's, Neville Square, and Albert Edward Foreman still wore his verger's gown. He kept his new one, its folds as full and stiff as though it were made not of alpaca but of perennial bronze, for funerals and weddings (St. Peter's, Neville Square, was a church much favoured by the fashionable for these ceremonies) and now he wore only his second-best. He wore it with complacence, for it was the dignified symbol of his office, and without it (when he took it off to go home) he had the disconcerting sensation of being somewhat insufficiently clad. He took pains with it; he pressed it and ironed it himself. During the sixteen years he had been verger of this church he had had a succession of such gowns, but he had never been able to throw them away when they were worn out and the complete series, neatly wrapped up in brown paper, lay in the bottom drawers of the wardrobe in his bedroom.

The verger busied himself quietly, replacing the painted wooden cover on the marble font, taking away a chair that had been brought for an infirm old lady, and waited for the vicar to have finished in the vestry so that he could tidy up in there and go home. Presently he saw him walk across the chancel, genuflect in front of the high altar, and come down the aisle; but he still wore his cassock.

"What's he 'anging about for?" the verger said to himself. "Don't 'e know I want my tea?"

The vicar had been but recently appointed, a red-faced energetic man in the early forties, and Albert Edward still regretted his predecessor, a clergyman of the old school who preached leisurely sermons in a silvery voice and dined out a great deal with his more aristocratic parishioners. He liked things in church

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