- •Word formation
- •6. Find the examples of conversion in the following sentences.
- •7. Explain the semantic correlations within the following pair of words.
- •8. Identify the compounds in the word-groups below. Analyse their structure and semantics.
- •9. Match the following onomatopoeic words with the subjects producing the sounds.
- •10. How were these words formed?
- •11. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •12. Complete each sentence with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •13. Complete each space in the text with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •14. Complete each space in the text with a word formed from the word in capitals.
- •15. Complete the word in each sentence with over- or under-.
- •16. Complete each word with either -able or -ible. Make any necessary spelling changes.
- •17. Complete the word in each sentence by adding an appropriate prefix.
- •18. Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one word ending in -ly and beginning with the letter given.
- •19. Complete each word with either in- or un-.
- •20. Make a compound word in each sentence by adding the most appropriate word from the box.
- •21. Complete the compound word in each sentence.
- •22. Complete the word in each sentence with an appropriate suffix.
- •Polysemantic words
- •23. Which of the following words are monosemantic (use a dictionary)?
- •24. Read the sentences (1 - 3) below. What does the word smart mean in each one (clever, fashionable, or formal)?
- •25. Identify the meanings of the polysemantic words that they represent in the following word-combinations.
- •26. Explain the logical associations in the meanings of the same words in the following word combinations. Find the examples of metaphors and metonymys.
- •27. Which word(s) from the box could replace the words in bold in the sentences?
- •28. Decide in which of the following sentences the verb run fits correctly.
- •29. Complete the spaces by finding one polysemantic word from the box which fits in all three sentences.
- •30. Complete the spaces by finding one word which fits in all three sentences.
- •31. Comment on the change of meanings in the italicized words.
- •32. Define the meanings of the italicized words in the following sentences.
- •Homonyms Homographs
- •33. How would you pronounce each of the underlined words in the sentences below? Chose a word with a similar sound from the brackets.
- •Homophones
- •34. Find the homophones to the following words and explain their meanings.
- •35. Define the meaning of following pairs of homophones:
- •36. Now do the reverse.
- •37. Write the word in phonetic script in the correct spelling for the context.
- •37. Write one sentence using both of the words corresponding to the phonetic script.
- •38. Homophones and homographs are at the root of many jokes in English. Match the first part of each of these children’s jokes with the second part and then explain the play on words involved in each.
- •39. Read the following jokes and say what linguistic phenomenon they are based on.
- •40. Find the homonyms for the following words and explain their meanings.
- •41. Find the homonyms and define their types.
- •Synonyms and antonyms
- •43. Organise the following words into three lexico-semantic groups – homes and houses; road transport; clothes.
- •44. Prove that the following sets of words are synonyms.
- •45. Find the dominant synonym in the following synonymic sets. Explain your choice.
- •46. Find antonyms for the words below.
- •47. Underline the most appropriate word or phrase in each sentence.
- •48. Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence.
- •49. Underline the most suitable word in each sentence.
- •50. Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best fits each space.
- •51. Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best completes each collocation or fixed phrase.
- •52. Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
- •53. Both options make sense. Underline the one which forms a common collocation.
- •54. Read the text and decide which answer (a, b, c or d) best completes each collocation or fixed phrase.
- •Word-groups and phraseological units
- •55. Take a word from each column to complete the collocations you need for each space in the text.
- •56. Match the descriptions (a-j) with the explanations (1-10).
- •57. Match each sentence (a-I) with a sentence from (1-9) which has a similar meaning.
- •58. Underline the two words that are appropriate in each sentence.
- •59. Complete the fixed phrases in each space by choosing a word from the box which collocates with the words in bold.
- •60. Which word completes each set of collocations or fixed phrases?
- •61. Decide which of the following uses of odd are correct.
- •62. Replace the words in bold by using the most appropriate expression from the box.
- •63. Colour. Complete each sentence with a colour, in an appropriate form of the word.
- •64. Feelings. Underline the most suitable word or phrase in each sentence.
- •65. Read the article and analyze the linguistic phenomena mentioned in it. Reasons why the English language is so hard to learn
- •Now check your answers
- •Библиографический список
- •Содержание
Word formation
1. Give examples of nouns with the following suffixes.
-tion, -dom, - ness, - ism, -ship. -er, - or, -kt, -ess. -th, -age. -hood, -ing.
2. Give examples of adjectives or adverbs with the following suffixes.
-y, -ly, -ward, -able, -ible, -ish, -less, -wise, -ate, -some, -en.
3. Give examples of verbs with the following suffixes.
-ize, -en, -ify, -ate.
4. What parts of speech do these affixes form?
-ness, -ous, -ly, -dom, -ish, -tion, -en, -ess, -or, -er, -hood, -less, -ate, - ing, -al, - ful, un-, re-, in-(im-), ir-, il-, dis-, over-, under-, pre-, post-, -able.
5. In the following examples the italicized words are formed from the same root by means of different affixes. Translate the derivatives into Russian and explain the difference in meaning.
1. a) Sally is the most amusing person in the world. b) Ann was amused.
2. a) He had a charming smile, almost womanish in sweetness. b) I have kept up with you through Miss Pittypat but she gave me no intimation that you had developed womanly sweetness.
3. a) It is delightful to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in one's pocket. b) I was delighted to hear the news of your success.
4. a) It isn't a pleasant experience. I can tell you. b) How pleased your father will be if you marry well.
5. a) If our nephew has really succeeded in his experiments you should be awfully careful. B) A careless driver is a danger to the public.
6. a) The trouble with college is that you are expected to know such a lot of things you've never learned. It's very confusing at times. b) That platform was a confused mass of travellers, porters, baggage, boys with magazines, friends, relatives.
7. a) At last I decided that even this rather mannish efficient woman could do with a little help. b) He was only a boy not a man yet: but he spoke in a manly way.
8. a) The boy's respectful manner changed noticeably. b) It may be a respectable occupation, but it sounds rather criminal to me.
9. a) I've been so excited about all these new adventures that I must talk to somebody. b) This new performance of the theatrical company is really exciting.
10. a) I hope you are getting bored listening to me. b) I should never have thought that professor N's lectures could be so boring.
6. Find the examples of conversion in the following sentences.
1. The adjective "town" in "town market" is formed from the noun "town" by conversion.
2. The clerk was eyeing him expectantly.
3. An aggressive man battled his way to Stout's side.
4. Just a few yards from the front door of the bar there was an elderly woman watering the pavement.
5. - What are you doing here?
- I am tidying your room.
6. My seat was in the middle of a row. I could not leave without inconveniencing the girl.
7. How on earth do you remember to milk the cows and give pigs their dinner?
8. Ten minutes later I was speeding along in the direction of Cape Town.
9. There are advantages, you see, about rooming with Julia.
10. Corky, I took it, was telephoning.
11. Use small nails and nail the picture on the wall.
12. Restaurants in all large cities have their ups and downs.