employers are allowed to line their own pockets at the expense of their workers. This government has no intention of negotiating in a meaningful way over pensions, it has already stated when these changes are coming in!
penpoints: I’m striking because I see it as common decency. As a society we should be looking at improving our lot together. We should be demanding the right to retire at 60 so we can enjoy some of our lives free from the constraints of the rat race. We should be holding regular debates to lower this age when we can afford it.
I’m striking because the global elite have made our societies full of mass inequality. I think this makes society unstable and is the potential flashpoint for conflict. I am striking for a fairer, more humane society and one that is based on long-term peace.
burningbush: I am striking tomorrow and will for the first time in my life be marching. For me this is not just about pensions, it is an opportunity for me to demonstrate that my values do not match those of the government. My integrity and sense of what is important is very much in focus. This government knows the cost of everything and the value of nothing. It is people and their dignity that must be at the forefront of government policy. Good luck to the strikers and there supporters tomorrow...
(The Guardian, June 30, 2011)
An Extract from ‘NICE WORK’
Read an extract from the book ‘Nice Work’ by David Lodge. What is the characters’ attitude to strikes and why?
Characters:
Victor Wilcox – Managing Director of an engineering company
Robyn Penrose – a young university lecturer in English Literature who is in a ‘Shadow Scheme’ to study business and industrial practices
‘Have a seat.’ Wilcox indicated an armchair drawn up at an angle to his desk.
He pressed a button on a console and said, ‘Two coffees, please, Shirley.’ Then he sat
down and lit a cigarette. ‘Haven’t we met before?’ he said.
‘Not that I’m aware of.’
‘I’ve a feeling I’ve seen you recently.’
‘I can’t imagine where that would be.’
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Wilcox continued to stare at her through a cloud of smoke.
‘I’m sorry I’m a bit late,’ Robyn said. ‘The roads were terrible, and I got lost.’ ‘You’re a week late,’ he said. ‘I was expecting you last Wednesday.’
‘I’m sorry,’ she said to Wilcox. ‘It was a bit chaotic at the University last Wednesday. We had a one-day strike on, you see.’
‘That’s where I saw you!’ he exclaimed, pointing a finger at her like a gun. ‘I drive past there every day on my way to work. I was held up last Wednesday. Put two minutes on my journey time. You were standing outside University gates at about eight o’clock in the morning. You were holding a banner.’ He pronounced this last word as if it denoted something unpleasant.
‘Yes, I was picketing.’
What fun it has been! Stopping cars and thrusting leaflets through the drivers’ windows, turning back lorries, waving banners for the benefit of local TV cameras, cheering when the truck driver decided not to cross the picket line, sharing the warm glow of camaraderie with colleagues one had never met before…
‘What were you striking about? Pay?’ ‘Partly. That and the cuts.’
‘You want no cuts and more pay?’ ‘That’s right.’
‘Think the country can afford it?’
‘Certainly,’ said Robyn. ‘If we spent less on defence – ’
‘This company has several defence contracts,’ said Wilcox. ‘If those contracts were cancelled, I’d have to lay off men. Your cuts would become ours.’
‘You could make something else,’ said Robyn. ‘Something peaceful.’ ‘What?’
‘I can’t say what you should make,’ said Robyn irritably. ‘It’s not my business.’ ‘No, it’s mine.’
At that moment his secretary came into the room with two cups of coffee, shooting curious glances at each of them. When she had gone, Wilcox said, ‘Who were you trying to hurt?’
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‘Hurt?’
‘A strike has to hurt someone. The employers, the public. Otherwise it has no effect.’
Robyn was about to say, ‘The Government,’ when she saw the trap: Wilcox would find it easy enough to argue that the Government had not been troubled by the strike. Nor had the general public been greatly inconvenienced. The Students’ Union had supported the strike, and its members had not complained about a day’s holiday from lectures. The University? But the University wasn’t responsible for the cuts of lecturers’ salaries. Faster than a computer, Robyn’s mind reviewed these candidates for the target of the strike and rejected them all. ‘It was only a one-day strike,’ she said at length. ‘More of a demonstration, really. We got a lot of support from other trade unions. Several lorry-drives refused to cross the picket lines.’
‘What were they doing – delivering stuff? And who paid for the extra deliveries? I’ll tell you who,’ he went on when she did not answer. ‘Your University
– which you say is short of cash. It’s even shorter now.’ ‘You keep bringing everything back to money.’
‘That’s what you learn from business. D’you know much about business?’ ‘Nothing at all. But isn’t that supposed to be the point of the Shadow Scheme?’ ‘I guess it’s a PR trick... I read in the paper somewhere, there’s no such thing
as a free lunch. Someone always has to pick up the bill.’
‘They cut our salaries,’ said Robyn. ‘They can pay for the lorries out of that... Do you have many strikes here?’ she asked, in an effort to shift the focus of conversation.
‘Not any more,’ said Wilcox. ‘The employees know which side their bread is buttered. They look around this area, they see factories that have closed in the past few years, they know how many people are out of work.’
‘You mean, they’re afraid to strike?’ ‘Why should they strike?’
‘I don’t know – but if they wanted to. For higher wages, say?’
‘This is a very competitive industry. A strike would plunge us deep into the red. The division could close down. The men know that!’
33
agreement, n
allocation of work, n
award, n
ballot, n
bargaining, n collective ~
local ~
wage ~
benefit, n
social security ~ unemployment ~ to pay out a ~
branch, n
condition, n working ~
contribution, n
craft, n
dismiss, v
dispute, n demarcation~
industrial ~ inter-union ~ wage ~
elect, v
employer, n
employment, n
go-slow, n
health insurance, n
industrial action, n
legislation, n
local unit, n
Глоссарий
соглашение, договор, контракт
распределение работы
арбитражное решение
голосование
ведение переговоров переговоры о заключении коллективного договора между профсоюзами и
нанимателями; коллективный договор переговоры о заключении коллективного договора на уровне предприятия переговоры о размере заработной платы
пособие пособие по социальному обеспечению
пособие по безработице выплачивать пособие
местное отделение профсоюза
условие условия труда
взнос
ремесло
увольнять
спор, конфликт спор о разделении сфер деятельности профсоюзов трудовой спор
межпрофсоюзный конфликт конфликт по поводу заработной платы
избирать
работодатель, наниматель
работа (по найму), служба; занятость
снижение темпа работы
медицинское страхование
забастовка, забастовочное движение
законодательство; законы
местная профсоюзная организация
34
member, n |
член |
rank and file ~ |
рядовой член профсоюза |
union ~ |
член профсоюза |
negotiations, n |
переговоры |
overtime ban |
запрет сверхурочной работы |
pay rise, n |
повышение зарплаты |
picketing, n |
пикетирование |
pressure group, n |
влиятельная группа, оказывающая давление |
|
на политику |
professional, n |
квалифицированный специалист, работник |
|
интеллектуального труда |
safety, n |
безопасность |
security, n |
гарантия, обеспечение |
social ~ |
социальное обеспечение |
~ of employment |
гарантия занятости |
services, n |
услуги |
public ~ |
коммунальные услуги |
social ~ |
система социального обеспечения |
shop steward, n |
избранный представитель профсоюзной |
|
организации, председатель первичной |
|
организации |
skill, n |
квалификация; мастерство, умение |
strike, n |
забастовка, стачка |
sympathetic ~ |
забастовка солидарности |
unofficial ~ |
забастовка без официального разрешения |
|
профсоюза или в нарушение договора |
~ pay |
пособие, выдаваемое профсоюзом |
|
забастовщикам |
to be on ~ |
бастовать |
to call a ~ |
объявить забастовку |
to call off a ~ |
прекратить забастовку |
to go on ~ |
объявить забастовку |
trade, n |
профессия, ремесло, занятие |
trade union movement, n |
профсоюзное движение |
TUC (Trades Union Congress) |
Конгресс британских профсоюзов |
union, n |
союз; профсоюз |
affiliated ~ |
профсоюз, входящий в объединение |
|
профсоюзов |
amalgamated ~ |
объединенный союз |
35
craft ~ |
отраслевой профсоюз |
general ~ |
профсоюз общего типа |
industrial ~ |
производственный профсоюз |
labor ~ |
профсоюз (AmE) |
trade ~ |
профсоюз (BrE) |
white collar ~ |
профсоюз служащих |
~ membership |
членство в профсоюзе |
~ representation |
представительство в профсоюзе |
to join the ~ |
вступать в профсоюз |
unionism, n |
профсоюзное движение |
unionist, n |
член профсоюза; профсоюзный деятель |
wage, n |
заработная плата рабочих |
withdrawal, n |
отзыв, уход |
work to rule, v |
работать строго по правилам |
worker, n |
рабочий; трудящийся, работник; сотрудник |
blue-collar ~ |
производственный рабочий, «синий |
|
воротничок» |
semi-skilled ~ |
полуквалифицированный рабочий |
skilled ~ |
квалифицированный рабочий / работник |
unskilled ~ |
неквалифицированный рабочий, |
|
разнорабочий, чернорабочий |
white-collar ~ |
служащий, работник непроизводственной |
|
отрасли, «белый воротничок» |
working practices, n |
распорядок работы, рабочая практика |
36
Ключи к заданиям
Unit 3
ex.2: 1–m; 2–k ; 3–d; 4–b; 5–h; 6–f; 7–a; 8–g; 9–i; 10–j; 11–n; 12–l; 13–e; 14–c ex.3: 1–F; 2–T; 3–F; 4–F; 5–T; 6–T; 7–T; 8–F; 9–F
Unit 4
ex.1: A–3 ; B–2; C–6; D–1; E–5; F–4 ex.6: 1–e; 2–b; 3–d; 4–f; 5–c; 6–a
ex.7: 1–r; 2–s; 3–d; 4–c; 5–b; 6–m; 7–e; 8–n; 9–f; 10–g; 11–v; 12–j; 13–h; 14–k; 15–o; 16–w; 17–p; 18–q; 19–u; 20–a; 21–i; 22–t; 23–l
Unit 5
ex.2: 1–d; 2–l ; 3–b; 4–i; 5–f; 6–e; 7–h; 8–j; 9–k; 10–a; 11–g; 12–m; 13–c
Unit 6
ex.2: 1–n; 2–q; 3–a; 4–f; 5–l; 6–j; 7–h; 8–e; 9–p; 10–d; 11–m; 12–c; 13–b; 14–i; 15–g; 16–o; 17–k
Список литературы
1.Economics. GCE O-Level Passbook / J. E. Waszek. – London: Intercontinental Book Productions, 1980.
2.Nice Work / David Lodge – Penguin Books, 1989, pp.110-113.
3.Новый англо-русский экономический словарь / И.Ф. Жданова. – М.: Рус. яз. –
Медиа, 2005.
4.www.fnpr.org.ru
5.www.guardian.co.uk
6.www.lingvo.ru
7.www.multitran.ru
8.www.nytimes.com
9.www.tuc.org.uk
10.en.wikipedia.org
37
Содержание |
|
Предисловие…………………………………………………………………..… |
3 |
Part I……………………………………………………………………………... |
4 |
Unit 1. What is a Trade Union..................…………………………………... |
4 |
Unit 2. Types of Trade Unions in the UK…………………………………... |
6 |
Unit 3. Union Organization…………………………………………………. |
9 |
Unit 4. Aims and Functions of Trade Unions……………………………….. |
11 |
Unit 5. The Power of Trade Unions………………………………………… |
16 |
Unit 6. The Trades Union Congress………………………………………… |
18 |
Part II. Supplementary reading…………………………………………………... |
23 |
‘Significant’ Rise in Numbers of Over-50s in Workforce………………… |
23 |
Times Topics: Labor……………….............………………………………... |
24 |
Unilever Faces Further Strikes…………..………………………………….. |
26 |
Students Plan Fresh Wave of Protests....……………………………………. |
27 |
Are You on Strike? Tell Us Why...................……………………………….. |
29 |
An Extract from ‘Nice Work’.........................…...………………………….. |
31 |
Глоссарий……………………………………………………………………….. |
34 |
Ключи к заданиям………………………………………..................................... |
37 |
Список литературы………………………………………................................... |
37 |
38
TRADE UNIONS
ПРОФСОЮЗЫ
Сборник учебно-методических материалов
Составитель Наталья Владимировна Маврина
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