Theme 6. Holography.

Lead in

Check how many correct answers you can give.

Q1: In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any ________.

a)Light b)Wave c)Wavelength d)Optics

Q2: A ________ is a structure with a repeating pattern.

a)Diffraction grating b)Dispersion (optics) c)Optics d)Holography

Q3: Light rays travelling through it are bent at an angle determined by λ, the ________ of the light and d, the distance between the slits and is given by sinθ = λ/d.

a)Wavelength b)Electromagnetic radiation c)Diffraction d)Electron

Q4: This method relied on the use of a large table of deep sand to hold the ________ rigid and damp vibrations that would destroy the image.

a)Transparency and translucency b)Anti-reflective coating c)Optics d)Optical fiber

Q5: The material used to make embossed copies consists of a ________ base film, a resin separation layer and a thermoplastic film constituting the holographic layer.

a)Polyester b)Rayon c)Cotton d)Nylon

Q6: The most common materials are photorefractive crystals, but also in ________ or semiconductor heterostructures (such as quantum wells), atomic vapors and gases, plasmas and even liquids it was possible to generate holograms.

a)Quantum mechanics b)Classical mechanics c)Condensed matter physics d)Semiconductor

Q7: The first holograms that recorded 3D objects were made in 1962 by Yuri Denisyuk in the Soviet Union and by Emmett Leith and Juris Upatnieks at ________, USA.

a)Ohio State University b)University of Michigan c)Michigan State University d)Wayne State University

Q8: According to ________ theory, each point in the object acts as a point source of light.

a)Wave b)Wavelength c)Diffraction d)Holography

Q9: The recording medium has to convert the interference pattern into an optical element which modifies either the ________ or the phase of a light beam which is incident upon it.

a)Amplitude b)Electrical engineering c)Measuring instrument d)Crest factor

Q10: A better analogy is ________ where the sound field is encoded in such a way that it can later be reproduced.

a)Synthesizer b)Sound recording and reproduction c)Mixing console d)Audio format

Reading and Vocabulary

Task 1. a)Read and translate the following words.

beam (n) refraction (n), refractive (adj) illuminate (v), illumination (n) recording medium angle (n) distort (v), distortion (n) haptic technology tactile (adj) air jet ultrasonic (adj) interfere (v), interference (n) prevalence (n) dispersion (n) transparency (n), transparent (adj) diffraction (n)

maintain (v) coherence (n), coherent (adj) dimensions (n) intensity (n), intensify (v) shortcoming shutter (v, n) magnify (v), magnification (n) software package forgery (n), forge (v) eliminate (v), elimination (n) bypass (n) swirl (n) accurate (adj) translucency (n), translucent (adj) diffraction grating

b) explain what these terms mean:

refraction, diffraction, distortion, interference, dispersion

Reading

Task 2. Read the text and answer the question in the text title.