Kluwer - Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis Vol
.1.pdfHandbook of Biomedical
Image Analysis
TOPICS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
INTERNATIONAL BOOK SERIES
Series Editor: Evangelia Micheli-Tzanakou
Rutgers University
Piscataway, New Jersey
Signals and Systems in Biomedical Engineering:
Signal Processing and Physiological Systems Modeling
Suresh R. Devasahayam
Models of the Visual System
Edited by George K. Hung and Kenneth J. Ciuffreda
PDE and Level Sets: Algorithmic Approaches to Static and Motion Imagery
Edited by Jasjit S. Suri and Swamy Laxminarayan
Frontiers in Biomedical Engineering:
Proceedings of the World Congress for Chinese Biomedical Engineers Edited by Ned H.C. Hwang and Savio L-Y. Woo
Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis:
Volume I: Segmentation Models Part A
Edited by Jasjit S. Suri, David L. Wilson, and Swamy Laxminarayan
Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis:
Volume II: Segmentation Models Part B
Edited by Jasjit S. Suri, David L. Wilson, and Swamy Laxminarayan
Handbook of Biomedical Image Analysis:
Volume III: Registration Models
Edited by Jasjit S. Suri, David L. Wilson, and Swamy Laxminarayan
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
Handbook of Biomedical
Image Analysis
Volume I: Segmentation Models Part A
Edited by
Jasjit S. Suri
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
David L. Wilson
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio
and
Swamy Laxminarayan
Institute of Rural Health
Idaho State University
Pocatello, Idaho
Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
ISBN 0-306-48550-8 eISBN 0-306-48551-6 set ISBN: 0-387-23126-9
2005 Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York
233 Spring Street, New York, New York 10013
http://www.wkap.nl/
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A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Permissions for books published in Europe: permissions@wkap.nl
Permissions for books published in the United States of America: permissions@wkap.com
Printed in the United States of America
Jasjit Suri would like to dedicate this handbook to
his youngest uncle Paramjeet Chadha and his immediate family: his late sister Sharan, his late brother Amarjeet, and his
late parents Kulwant Kaur and Udam S. Chadha (Fellow of Royal Institute of London).
David Wilson would like to dedicate this handbook to his family and students.
Swamy Laxminarayan would like to dedicate
this book in memory of his beloved parents who were a constant source of inspiration in his life and to his in-laws Corie and Derk Zwakman for their genuine sense
of family attachments and friendship.
Contributors
Alessandro Sarti, Ph.D.
University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
Aly A. Farag, Ph.D.
University of Louisville
Louisville, KY, USA
Andrew Laine, Ph.D.
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA
Avdhesh Sharma, Ph.D.
Indian Institute of Delhi
New Delhi, India
Ayman ElBaz, M.S.
University of Louisville
Louisville, KY, USA
David Chopp, Ph.D.
Northwestern University
Chicago, IL, USA
David E. Breen, Ph.D.
Drexel University
Philadelphia, PA, USA
David L. Wilson, Ph.D.
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, OH, USA
Elsa Angelini, Ph.D.
Columbia University
New York, NY, USA
Fiorella Sgallari, Ph.D.
University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
Gilson A. Giraldi, Ph.D.
National Laboratory for Scientific Computing
Petropolis,´ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Hossam Hassan, M.S.
University of Louisville
Louisville, KY, USA
Jasjit S. Suri, Ph.D.
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, OH, USA
Karol Mikula, Ph.D.
Slovak University of Technology
Bratislava, Slovakia
Ken Museth, Ph.D.
Linkoeping University
Norrkoeping, Sweden
Koon-Pong Wong, Ph.D.
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Contributors |
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Leandro S. Marturelli, B.S. |
Rakesh Sharma, Ph.D. |
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National Laboratory for Scientific |
Columbia University |
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Computing |
New York, NY, USA |
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Petropolis,´ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Rodrigo L. S. Silva, M.Sc. |
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Leonid Zhukov, Ph.D. |
National Laboratory for Scientific |
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Computing |
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California Institute of Technology |
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Petropolis,´ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Pasadena, CA, USA |
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Ross Whitaker, Ph.D. |
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Mahmed N. Ahmed, Ph.D. |
University of Utah |
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Lexmark International Inc., |
Salt Lake City, UT, USA |
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Lexington, KY, USA |
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Sameer Singh, Ph.D. |
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Majid Mirmehdi, Ph.D. |
University of Exeter |
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Exeter, UK |
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University of Bristol |
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Bristol, UK |
Swamy Laxminarayan, Dsc. |
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State University of Idaho |
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Misael Rosales, Ph.D. |
Pocatello, ID, USA |
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Universidad de los Andes |
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Merida/Venezuela´ |
Xiaoping Shen, Ph.D. |
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Ohio University |
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Paulo S. Rodrigues, Ph.D. |
Athens, OH, USA |
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National Laboratory for Scientific |
Xianghua Xie, M.S. |
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Computing |
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University of Bristol |
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Petropolis,´ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Bristol, UK |
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Petia Raveda, Ph.D. |
Yinpeng Jin, Ph.D. |
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Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona |
Columbia University |
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Barcelona, Spain |
New York, NY, USA |
Acknowledgments
This book is the result of collective endeavor of several noted engineering and computer scientists, mathematicians, medical doctors, physicists, and radiologists. The editors are indebted to all of their efforts and outstanding scientific contributions. The editors are particularly grateful to Drs. Petia Reveda, Alex Falco, Andrew Laine, David Breen, David Chopp, C. C. Lu, Gary Christensen, Dirk Vandermeulen, Aly Farag, Alejandro Frangi, Gilson Antonio Giraldi, Gabor Szekely, Pierre Hellier, Gabor Herman, Ardeshir Coshtasby, Jan Kybic, Jeff Weiss, Jean-Claude Klein, Majid Mirmehdi, Maria Kallergi, Yangming Zhu, Sunanda Mitra, Sameer Singh, Alessandro Sarti, Xioping Shen, Calvin R. Maurer, Jr., Yoshinobu Sato, Koon-Pong Wong, Avdhesh Sharma, Rakesh Sharma, and Chun Yuan and their team members for working with us so closely in meeting all of the deadlines of the book. They would like to express their appreciation to Kluwer Publishers for helping create this invitational handbook. They are particularly thankful to Aaron Johnson, the acquisition editor and Shoshana Sternlicht for their excellent coordination for the book at every stage.
Dr. Suri would like to thank Philips Medical Systems, Inc. for the MR datasets and encouragements during his experiments and research. Special thanks are due to Dr. Larry Kasuboski and Dr. Elaine Keeler at Philips Medical Systems, Inc. for their support and motivations. Thanks are also due to his past Ph.D. committee research professors, particularly Professors Linda Shapiro, Robert M. Haralick, Dean Lytle and Arun Somani, for their encouragements.
We extend our appreciations to Drs. Ajit Singh, Siemens Medical Systems, George Thoma, chief, Imaging Science Division at the National Institutes of Health, Dr. Sameer Singh, University of Exeter, UK for his motivations. Special thanks go to the book series editor, Professor Evangelia Micheli Tzanakou for advising us on all aspects of the book.
We thank the IEEE Press, Academic Press, Springer-Verlag Publishers, and several medical and engineering journals publishers for permitting us to use some of the images previously published in these journals.
Finally, Jasjit Suri would like to thank my wife Malvika Suri for all the love and support she has showered over the years and to our baby Harman
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Acknowledgments |
whose presence is always a constant source of pride and joy. I also express my gratitude to my father, a mathematician, who inspired me throughout my life and career, and to my late mother, who most unfortunately passed away a few days before my Ph.D. graduation, and who so much wanted to see me write this book. Special thanks to Pom Chadha and his family, who taught me life is not just books. He is one of my best friend. I would like to also thank my in-laws who have a special place for me in their hearts and have shown lots of love and care for me.
David Wilson would like to acknowledge the support of the department of biomedical engineering. Case Western Reserve University in this endeavor. Special thanks are due to the many colleagues and students who make research in biomedical engineering an exciting, wondrous endeavor.
Swamy Laxminarayan would like to express my loving acknowledgments to my wife Marijke and to my kids, Malini and Vinod, for always giving the strength of mind amidst all life’s frustrations. The book kindies fondest memories of my late parents who made many personal sacrifices that helped shape our careers and the support of my family members who were always there for me when I needed them most. I have shared many ideas and thoughts on the book with numerous of my friends and colleagues in the discipline. I acknowledge their friendship, feedbacks, and discussions with particular thanks to Professor David Kristol of the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Peter Brett of Ashton University, Ewart Carson of the City University, London, Laura Roa of the University of Sevilla in Spain, and Jean Louis Coatrieux of the University of Rennes in France for their constant support over the past two decades.