Broadband Packet Switching Technologies

complexity issues, 324 326 crosstalk analysis, 328 331 network configuration, 309 315

ping-pong arbitration ŽPPA. unit, 315 324 power budget analysis, 326 328

research issues, 301 303

router module and route controller, 306 309 terabit architecture, 303 306

Optically transparent switches: properties, 280

staggering switch, 281 282 Optical packet switches:

all-optical packet switches: ATMOS, 282 283 Duan’s switch, 283 284

staggering switch, 281 282 3M switch:

architecture, 291 294

cell delineation unit, 294 296 cell synchronization unit, 297 301 VCI-overwrite unit, 296 297

optical interconnection network, terabit IP routers:

complexity issues, 324 326 crosstalk analysis, 328 331 network configuration, 309 315

ping-pong arbitration ŽPPA. unit, 315 324 power budget analysis, 326 328

research issues, 301 303

router module and route controller, 306 309

terabit architecture, 303 306 Optoelectronic packet switches:

BNR switch, 289 290

Cisneros and Brackett architecture, 287 288

HYPASS, 284 286 STAR-TRACK, 286 287 Wave-Mux switch, 290 291

research issues, 279 280

Optical transmission technology, link transmission speed, 1

Optoelectronic integrated circuit ŽOIEC., optical interconnection network ŽOIN., tunable filters, 312 315

Optoelectronic packet switches: BNR switch, 289 290

Cisneros and Brackett architecture, 287 288 HYPASS, 284 286

STAR-TRACK, 286 287 Wave-Mux switch, 290 291

Output-buffer delay, abacus switch performance, 203 205

cell loss probability ŽCLP., 206 208

INDEX 451

Output-buffered switch:

asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM., defined, 16

buffering strategies, 36 performance evaluation, 40 44

Output contention resolution algorithms, banyan-based switches, 110 112

ring reservation, 110 112 three-phase implementation, 110

Output cushion ŽOC., input-buffered switch, output-queuing emulation, 74

Output forwarding engine ŽOFE., terabit IP routers, optical packet switches:

data packet flow, 305

routing module and route controller, 306 Output group module ŽOGM., wave-mux

switch, 290 291

Output line interface ŽOLI., terabit IP router architecture, routing module and route controller, 306

Output occupancy ŽOCC., input-buffered switch, lowest-output-occupancy-cell-first algorithm ŽLOOFA., 78 80

Output optical modules ŽOOM., optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 309 315

complexity comparisons, 324 326 crosstalk analysis, 328 331 power budget analysis, 326 328

Output port contention: asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM.

switches, 16 18 head-of-line blocking, 19

input-buffered switches, arbitrating cells, 49 50

Output port controllers ŽOPCs.: abacus switch, architecture, 190 193 ATM switch structure, 58

banyan-based switches, Sunshine switch, 114 fault-tolerant multicast output-buffered

ATM switch, fault detection, 173 two-stage multicast out-put-buffered ATM

switch ŽMOBAS., 154 157 cell loss rates, 164 169 translation tables, 160 163

Output port processors ŽOPPs., Washington University gigabit switch ŽWUGS.,

95 96

Output-queuing emulation, input-buffered switch, 72 78

Chang algorithms, 73 74 critical cell first ŽCCF., 74 75

last in, highest priority ŽLIHP., 75 78 most-urgent-cell-first algorithm ŽMUCFA.,

72 73

452 INDEX

Output routing module ŽORM.:

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., terabit IP router architecture, 303

terabit IP router architecture, data packet flow, 305 306

Output switch interface ŽOSI., terabit IP router architecture, routing module and route controller, 306 308

Output switch module ŽOSM., optical interconnection network ŽOIN., crosstalk analysis, 328 331

Overflow, banyan-based switches: call splitting and, 133 134 input fairness and, 134 138

Overhead bytes, SONET protocols, 414 417

Packet interleaving, abacus-based packet switching, 220 222

Packet reassembly unit ŽPRU., terabit IP router architecture, routing module and route controller, 308

Packet switches, optical packet switches: all-optical packet switches:

ATMOS, 282 283 Duan’s switch, 283 284

staggering switch, 281 282 3M switch:

architecture, 291 294

cell delineation unit, 294 296 cell synchronization unit, 297 301 VCI-overwrite unit, 296 297

optical interconnection network, terabit IP routers:

complexity issues, 324 326 crosstalk analysis, 328 331 network configuration, 309 315

ping-pong arbitration ŽPPA. unit, 315 324 power budget analysis, 326 328

research issues, 301 303

router module and route controller, 306 309

terabit architecture, 303 306 optoelectronic packet switches:

BNR switch, 289 290

Cisneros and Brackett architecture, 287 288

HYPASS, 284 286 STAR-TRACK, 286 287 Wave-Mux switch, 290 291

research issues, 279 280 Packet switching:

abacus switch, 220 224

cell interleaving, 222 224 packet interleaving, 220 222

architecture:

buffering strategies, 34 37 classification, 21 37

design and performance criteria, 13 17 space-division switching ŽSDS., 24 34

multiple-path switches, 29 34 single-path switches, 25 29

time-division switching ŽTDS., 22 24 shared-medium switch, 22 23 shared-memory switch, 23 24

call splitting, 20 21 head-of-line blocking, 19 internal link blocking, 17 18 multicasting, 19 20

output port contention, 18 performance:

input-buffered switches, 37 40 output-buffered switches, 40 44 shared-buffer switches, 44 46

Parallel iterative matching ŽPIM., input-buffered switch, 58

Parallel switching, input-buffered switch internal capacity, 54

Path switch: configuration, 268 272

heterogeneous capacity assignment, 274 277 homogeneous capacity and route

assignment, 272 274

Patricia tree, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, 372

Payload identifier, asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 427 428

Peripheral component interconnect ŽPCI. bus, optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 302 303

Permanent virtual connections ŽPVCs., asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 45, 407 410

Personal communications service ŽPCS. access, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 339

Photonic packet switches, research issues, 279 280

Physical medium-dependent ŽPMD. sublayer, SONET protocols, 423 425

Ping-Pong arbitration unit ŽPAU.: optical interconnection network ŽOIN.:

architecture, 309 315 development, 302 303 implementation, 318 321 performance analysis, 318 priority PPA, 321 324

terabit router architecture, 303 terabit IP router architecture, routing

module and route controller, 307 308

Pipelined schedulers, input-buffered switches, round-robin greedy scheduling ŽRRGS., 65 67

Planar lightwave circuits ŽPLCs., optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 302 303

Pointer index, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, forwarding table construction, 375 377

Poisson distribution, input-buffered switches, performance evaluation, 38 40

Portable base stations ŽPBSs., wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, BAHAMA wireless ATM LAN, 343

Power budget analysis, optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 326 328

Precomputed 16-bit prefix table, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, multiway searching, 384 385

Prefix tree, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, forwarding table construction, 373 377

Prefix update algorithms, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, two-trie structure, 398 403

PRESYNC state, 3M optical switch, cell delineation unit, 295 296

Priority field ŽP.:

abacus switch, architecture, 191 193 buffered multistage concentration network

ŽBMCN., 216 217

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., priority ping-pong arbitration, 321 324

Priority ping-pong arbitration, optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 321 324

Private network-network interface ŽPNNI. routing, asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 45, 407 410

Push-in arbitrary out ŽPIAO. queue, input-buffered switch, output-queuing emulation, 73 74

Push-in queue, input-buffered switch, output-queuing emulation, 73 74

Quality-of-service ŽQoS. control: banyan-based switches, Sunshine switch,

113 114

design and performance criteria, 13 14 multiple-QoS scalable distributed-

arbitration switch ŽSDA.: performance analysis, 236 238 structure, 234 236

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., priority ping-pong arbitration, 321 324

terabit switching technology, 2

INDEX 453

Quaternary phase-shift keying ŽQPSK., wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, Olivetti’s radio ATM LAN, 342

Queue loss ŽQL., abacus switch performance, cell loss probability ŽCLP., 206 208

Radio access layers, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches:

data link control layer, 346 347 medium access control layer, 346 physical layer, 344 346

Radio physical layer, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 344 346

Radio physical medium dependent ŽRPMD. layer, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 344 346

Radio port identifier, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, radio access layers, 345 346

Radio transmission convergence ŽRTC. layer, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 344 346

Random access memory ŽRAM.:

internet protocol route lookups, 368 369 DIR-24-8-BASIC scheme, 378 381 multiway binary search, cache

exploitation, 385 388

shared-memory switch, content-addressable memory ŽCAM. technique, 91 93

wave-mux switch, 290 291

Random early detection ŽRED., high-end routers, IP architecture, 11 12

Random selection, input-buffered switches, scheduling algorithms, 57

Random traffic model, input-buffered switch, 52

READ process, shared-memory switch, linked list logical queues, 86 87

Read sequence RAM ŽRSRAM., sharedmemory switch, content-addressable memory ŽCAM. technique, 92 93

Recirculation switches: buffering strategies, 35

space-division switching ŽSDS. architecure, 33 34

Recursive arbitration, optical interconnection network ŽOIN., ping-pong arbitration unit ŽPAU., 319 324

Remote defect indication ŽRDI., SONET protocols, 419 421

Request ŽREQ. signal:

HYPASS optical switch, 285 286 multiple-QoS scalable

distributed-arbitration switch ŽSDA., 235 236

454 INDEX

Request ŽREQ. signal ŽContinued. scalable distributed-arbitration ŽSDA.

switch, 229 231 tandem-crosspoint ŽTDXP. switch:

multicasting operation, 246 unicasting operation, 242 245

Resend signals, abacus switch, multicast contention resolution algorithm, 196 197

Resequencing buffer ŽRSQB., enhanced abacus switch, 217 219

Resequencing cells, enhanced abacus switch, 217 219

Reverse banyan network, concentration, 132 Ring head-end ŽRHE., banyan-based switches,

output contention resolution algorithms, 110 112

Roundoff procedure, Path switches, 275 276 Round-robin arbitration:

abacus switch: architecture, 193

multicast contention resolution algorithm, 195 197

Clos network switches, concurrent round-robin dispatching, 263 268

crosspoint-buffered switches, 228 229 input-buffered switch:

dual round-robin matching ŽDRRM., 62 65

iterative round-robin matching ŽiRRM., 58 60

iterative round-robin with SLIP ŽiSLIP., 60 62

parallel iterative matching ŽPIM., 58 round-robin arbitersrselectors, 67 72 bidirectional arbiter ŽNTT., 67 70

token tunneling, 70 72

round-robin greedy scheduling ŽRRGS., 65 67

scheduling algorithms, 57

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., ping-pong arbitration unit ŽPAU., 315 324

scalable distributed-arbitration ŽSDA. switch, 231 233

terabit IP router architecture, data packet flow, 305 306

Round-robin greedy scheduling ŽRRGS., input-buffered switches, 65 67

Route controller ŽRC.:

3M optical switch, 293 294

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., terabit IP router architecture, 303, 306 309

Route decoder ŽRT DEC., shared-memory switch, linked list logical queues, 86 90

Route lookups, internet protocol ŽIP.: caching technique, 369

design issues, 368 369

gigabit switch routers, 388 396

algorithms and data structures, 388 395 CBMrCNHA construction, 393 395 NHA construction algorithm, 392 393 performance analysis, 395 396

hardware, memory access speeds, 377 381 multiway search, 381 388

binary search, best-matching prefix, 381 384

cache line exploitation, 385 388 performance analysis, 388

precomputed 16-bit prefix table, 384 385 Patricia tree, 372

research issues, 365 366

small forwarding tables, fast lookups, 373 377

standard trie structure, 369 372 two-trie structure, 396 404

AddPrefix ŽX,Y,Z. algorithm, 399 402 DelPrefix ŽX,Y. algorithm, 402 403 IPLookup ŽX. algorithm, 397 398 performance analysis, 403 404

prefix update algorithm, 398 399 Routing algorithms:

Clos network switches, 255 257 suboptimal straight matching method,

258 259

internet protocol route lookups: gigabit switch routers, 388 396

algorithms and data structures, 388 395 CBMrCNHA construction, 393 395 NHA construction algorithm, 392 393

two-trie structure, 396 404

AddPrefix ŽX,Y,Z. algorithm, 399 402 DelPrefix ŽX,Y. algorithm, 402 403 IPLookup ŽX. algorithm, 397 398 performance analysis, 403 404

prefix update algorithm, 398 399 Path switch, 269 272

Path switching, 272 274

Routing delay, enhanced abacus switch, memoryless multistage concentration network, 212 214

Routing information base ŽRIB., optical interconnection network ŽOIN., terabit IP router architecture, 308 309

Routing information table ŽRIT., asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 35

Routing module ŽRM.: abacus switch:

architecture, 190 193

enhanced configuration, 211 220 multicast contention resolution algorithm,

194 197

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 302 303

terabit IP router architecture, 303 terabit IP routers, optical interconnection

network, 301 303

terabit IP routers, optical packet switches, optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 306 309

Running adder network ŽRAN., banyan-based switches, 125

concentration, 132

cyclic running adder network ŽCRAN., 135 138

encoding process, 129 132 overflow fairness, 134 138

SAMBA system, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 344

Scalable distributed-arbitration ŽSDA. switch: performance analysis, 231 233

structure, 229 231 Scheduling algorithms:

Clos network switches, 255 257 suboptimal straight matching method,

258 259 input-buffered switch:

dual round-robin matching ŽDRRM., 62 65

iterative round-robin matching ŽiRRM., 58 60

iterative round-robin with SLIP ŽiSLIP., 60 62

parallel iterative matching ŽPIM., 58 round-robin arbitersrselectors, 67 72 bidirectional arbiter ŽNTT., 67 70

token tunneling, 70 72

round-robin greedy scheduling ŽRRGS., 65 67

input-buffered switches, 57 72 Scheduling efficiency, input-buffered

switches:

head-of-line ŽHOL. blocking model, 51 virtual output queue ŽVOQ.-based

matching, 55 57

window-based lookahead selection, 54 55 Scrambling procedures, SONET protocols,

417 418

Segment header processor ŽSHP., terabit IP router architecture, routing module and route controller, 308

Self-routing algorithm, broadcast banyan

INDEX 455

network ŽBBN., multicast copying, 127 128

Self-routing methods: ATM switch structure, 79

banyan-based switches, 29 crossbar switches, 26

Semiconductor optical amplifier ŽSOA.: optical ATMOS switch, 282 283 optical interconnection network ŽOIN.,

309 315

complexity comparisons, 324 326 crosstalk analysis, 328 331

input optical module ŽIOM., 310 output optical module ŽOOM., 311 tunable filters, 312 315

Service-time distribution, input-buffered switches, performance evaluation, 39 40

Shared-buffer memories ŽSBMs.: multicast shared-memory switch, 99 101 space-time-space ŽSTS. approach, 93 94

Shared-buffer switches: buffering strategies, 36 performance evaluation, 44 46

Shared-medium switch, architecture, 22 23 Shared-memory switch:

architecture, 23 24 content-addressable memory technique,

91 93

linked list technique, 84 90 memory access cycle, 83 multicast switches, 96 101

address copy, 99 101 cell copy, 98 99 logical queuing, 97 98

multistage switches, 94 96 concentrator-based growable switch

architecture, 96

Washington University gigabit switch, 94 96

research issues, 83 84

space-time-space ŽSTS. approach, 93 94 wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches,

mobility-support ATM switch, 354 358 Shuffle-exchange network ŽSN., deflection

routing, 117 118

dual SN, error correction, 118 125 Simple network management protocol

ŽSNMP., asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. network protocol, 410

Simulated traffic model, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, mobility-support ATM switch, 358 362

Single-path switches, space-division switching ŽSDS., 25 29

Banyan-based switches, 28 29

456 INDEX

Single-path switches ŽContinued. crossbar switches, 25 27

fully interconnected switches, 27, 29 Single-stage knockout switch, architecture,

142 143

Single tree-structured competition, single-stage knockout switch, 148 150

Skip value, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, Patricia tree structure, 372

Slackness, input-buffered switch, output-queuing emulation, 74

Small switch modules ŽSSMs.: abacus switch:

architecture, 190 193 performance delay, 204 205

enhanced abacus switch, resequencing cells, 219

Sorting network, banyan-based switches, batcher-sorting network, 106 109

Space-division multiplexing ŽSDM., optical packet switches, 280

Space-division switching ŽSDS.: architecture, 24 34 multiple-path switches, 29 34

augmented banyan switches, 30 multiplane switches, 33 recirculation switches, 33 34 three-stage Clos switches, 30 33

single-path switches, 25 29 Banyan-based switches, 29 30 crossbar switches, 25 27

fully interconnected switches, 27, 29 Space switches ŽSWi., 3M optical switch,

292 294

Space-time-space ŽSTS. approach, shared-memory switch, 93 94

Speedup factor:

input-buffered switch internal capacity, 54 terabit IP router architecture, 303 304

Staggering switch, properties, 281 282 Starting copy number ŽSCN., banyan-based

switches, cyclic running adder network ŽCRAN., 136 138

STAR-TRACK switch, configuration, 286 287 Strict priority, multicast shared-memory

switch, 97 98

Strict-sense ŽSS. call splitting, asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. switches, 20 21

Sunshine switch, banyan-based switches, 112 114

SWAN prototype system, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 343

Switched virtual connections ŽSVCs., asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 45, 407 408

Switch element ŽSWE.: abacus switch:

architecture, 191 193

ATM routing and concentration ŽARC. chip, 208 211

enhanced configuration, 211 220 fault-tolerant multicast output-buffered

ATM switch, 169 172 cross-stuck ŽCS. fault, 170 171 performance analysis, 181 185 toggle-stuck ŽTS. fault, 171 172

verticalrhorizontal-stuck ŽVSrHS. fault, 172

multicast grouping networks ŽMGNs., 157 160

Switch fabric, high-end IP routers, 12 13 Switching elements ŽSEs., Washington

University gigabit switch ŽWUGS., 95 96

Switching module ŽSWM., wave-mux switch, 290 291

Switch module ŽSM.:

fault-tolerant multicast output-buffered ATM switch, performance analysis, 181 185

two-stage multicast out-put-buffered ATM switch ŽMOBAS., cell loss rates, 163 169

Switch priority ŽSP., banyan-based switches, Sunshine switch, 113 114

Synchronization, 3M optical switch, cell synchronization unit, 297 301 Synchronous Optical Network ŽSONET.: asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM., 2

ATM switch structure, 58 3M optical switch, 291 294 protocols:

automatic protection switching ŽAPS., 419 421

background, 407 409 frequency justification, 418 419 OC-N multiplexer, 422 423 overhead bytes, 414 417

reference model, sublayer functions, 423 425

scrambling and descrambling, 417 418 STS-N signals, 412 414

STS-3 vs. STS3c, 421 422 sublayer protocols, 410 412

Synchronous status message function, SONET protocols, 416

Synchronous transfer signals ŽSTS., SONET protocols, 412 414

frequency justification, 417 418 STS-3 vs. STS-3c, 421 422

SYNC state, 3M optical switch: cell delineation unit, 295 296 VCI overwrite unit, 296 297

Tail pointer register ŽTPR., shared-memory switch, linked list logical queues, 86 90

Tail pointer ŽTP.: shared-memory switch, 85 90

wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, mobility-support ATM switch, 356 358

Tandem banyan switching fabric ŽTBSF., deflection routing, 114 117

Tandem connection monitoring ŽTCM., SONET protocols, 417

Tandem-crosspoint ŽTDXP. switch: architecture, 241 242 input-output-buffered switches, 239 241 multicasting operation, 246 performance analysis, 246 251

research issues, 239 unicasting operation, 242 245

TBL24 entry format, internet protocol route lookups, DIR-24-8-BASIC scheme,

378 381

TBLlong entry format, internet protocol route lookups, DIR-24-8-BASIC scheme,

378 381

Terabit switching technology: link utilization, 2

optical interconnection network, IP routers: complexity issues, 324 326

crosstalk analysis, 328 331 network configuration, 309 315

ping-pong arbitration ŽPPA. unit, 315 324 power budget analysis, 326 328

research issues, 301 303

router module and route controller, 306 309

terabit architecture, 303 306 data packet flow, 305 306 speedup, 303 304

Three-phase algorithm, banyan-based switches, batcher-sorting network, 109 110

Three-stage Clos switches, space-division switching ŽSDS. architecture, 30 33

Throughput limitation: input-buffered switch, 49 50

traffic models, 52 53

knockout-based switches, channel grouping, maximum throughput, 150 152

Time-division multiplexing ŽTDM., optical packet switches, 280

INDEX 457

Time-division switching ŽTDS.: shared-medium switch, 22 23 shared-memory switch, 23 24

Time-space-time ŽTST. switches, Clos network switches, 256 257

Time to leave ŽTL. urgency, input-buffered switch:

most-urgent-cell-first algorithm ŽMUCFA., 72 73

output-queuing emulation, 74 Time-to-live ŽTTL. field, internet protocol

route lookups, 365 366 Toggle-stuck ŽTS. fault, fault-tolerant

multicast output-buffered ATM switch: fault detection, 172 174

location and configuration, 175 177 performance analysis, 182 183 switch element ŽSWE., 171 172

Token tunneling, input-buffered switch, 70 72 Total cell loss rate, two-stage multicast

out-put-buffered ATM switch ŽMOBAS., 169 172

Traffic models:

input-buffered switches, 52 53 wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches,

mobility-support ATM switch, 358 362 Translation tables, two-stage multicast

output-buffered ATM switch, 160 163 Transmission convergence ŽTC. sublayer,

SONET protocols, 423 425

Trie structure, internet protocol route lookups: standard trie structure, 369 372

two-trie structure, 396 404

AddPrefix ŽX,Y,Z. algorithm, 399 402 DelPrefix ŽX,Y. algorithm, 402 403 IPLookup ŽX. algorithm, 397 398 performance analysis, 403 404

prefix update algorithm, 398 399 Trunk number translator ŽTNT., banyan

network switches, multicast copy, 125 126 encoding process, 129 132

Tunable filters, optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 311 315

Two-stage multicast out-put-buffered ATM switch, 154 169

multicast grouping network, 157 160 multicast knockout principle, 163 169 translation tables, 160 163

two-stage configuration, 154 157

Two-trie structure, internet protocol ŽIP. route lookups, 396 404

AddPrefix ŽX,Y,Z. algorithm, 399 402 DelPrefix ŽX,Y. algorithm, 402 403

458 INDEX

Two-trie structure ŽContinued. IPLookup ŽX. algorithm, 397 398 performance analysis, 403 404 prefix update algorithm, 398 399

Unfairness:

banyan-based switches, overflow and input fairness, 134 138

scalable distributed-arbitration ŽSDA. switch, 231 233

Unicasting operation:

asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 35

tandem-crosspoint ŽTDXP. switch, 242 245 Uniform source distribution, wireless ATM

ŽWATM. switches, mobility-support ATM switch, 360 362

Unshuffle-exchange network ŽUSN., deflection routing, 118 125

Unspecified bit rate ŽUBR.: asynchronous transfer mode protocols,

425 426 multiple-QoS scalable

distributed-arbitration switch ŽSDA., 234 236

wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, data link control layer, 346 347

User network interface ŽUNI., asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 35,

407 410

User plane ŽU-plane., asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. network protocol, 409

Variable-length data packets, high-end routers, IP architecture, 12

Verticalrhorizontal-stuck ŽVSrHS. fault, fault-tolerant multicast output-buffered ATM switch:

fault detection, 173 174

location and configuration, 177 181 performance analysis, 183 185 switch element ŽSWE., 172

Virtual channel identifier ŽVCI.: abacus switch, input port controller

implementation, 198 asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM.

networks, 35 protocols, 426 427

ATM switch structure, 79 3M optical switch, 291 294

cell delineation unit, 294 296 overwrite unit, 296 297

two-stage multicast out-put-buffered ATM switch ŽMOBAS., 154 157

translation tables, 161 163 wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches:

BAHAMA wireless ATM LAN, 343 handoff process, 348 350 mobility-support ATM switch, 353 362

Virtual connection tree, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 342 343

handoff process, 348 350 Virtual-output-queuing ŽVOQ. switches:

buffering strategies, 36 37 continuous round-robin dispatching

ŽCRRD., 265 267 input-buffered switch:

dual round-robin matching ŽDRRM., 62 65

most-urgent-cell-first algorithm ŽMUCFA., 73

parallel iterative matching ŽPIM., 58 input-buffered switches, matching,

scheduling efficiency, 55 57

Virtual path capacity allocation ŽVPCA., Path switches, 274 275

Virtual path identifier ŽVPI.:

abacus switch, input port controller implementation, 198

asynchronous transfer mode ŽATM. networks, 35

protocols, 426 427 ATM switch structure, 79 3M optical switch, 291 294

VCI overwrite unit, 296 297 wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches,

BAHAMA wireless ATM LAN, 343 Virtual queues, abacus switch, maximum

throughput performance, 201 203

Washington University gigabit switch ŽWUGS., multistage shared-memory applications, 94 96

Waveguide grating router ŽWGR., 3M optical switch, 293 294

Wavelength converters ŽWCs., 3M optical switch, 292 294

Wavelength division-multiplexing ŽWDM.: 3M optical switch, 292 294

optical interconnection network ŽOIN., 302 303

crosstalk analysis, 329 331 optical packet switches, 279 280

Wave-Mux switch, architecture, 290 291 WDM ATM switch. See 3M optical switch Weighted round-robin greedy scheduling

ŽWRRGS., input-buffered switches, 67 Wide-sense ŽWS. call splitting, asynchronous

transfer mode ŽATM. switches, 20 21 Window-based lookahead selection,

input-buffered switches, scheduling efficiency, 54 55

Windowing, input-buffered switch, buffering strategies, 35 36

Winner output, single-stage knockout switch, concentrator construction, 146 150

Wireless access layer ŽWAL., wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 340 341

Wireless ad hoc networks, wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, 338

Wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches: BAHAMA wireless ATM LAN, 343 European projects, 343 344 handoff, 347 352

buffering, 350 351 connection rerouting, 348 350 COS cell routing, 351 352

mobility-support ATM switch, 352 362 design issues, 353 358

performance analysis, 358 362 NEC WATMnet prototype system,

341 342

INDEX 459

NTT’s wireless ATM access, 343 Olivetti’s radio ATM LAN, 342 radio access layers:

data link control layer, 346 347 medium access control layer, 346 physical layer, 344 346

research issues, 337 338 structural overviews:

protocols, 340 341

system components, 338 340 virtual connection tree, 342 343

Wireless physical layer ŽPHY., wireless ATM ŽWATM. switches, NEC WATMnet prototype system, 341 342

WRITE process, shared-memory switch: linked list logical queues, 86 space-time-space ŽSTS. approach, 93 94

Write sequence RAM ŽWSRAM., shared-memory switch, contentaddressable memory ŽCAM. technique, 91 93

Y-junction switches, 3M optical switch cell synchronization unit, 298 301