Л.А. Бердюгина Some facys about Cars (Немного об автомобилях)

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3.It has solved the first part of the problem.

4.That the Electrosource HORISON battery can be recharged 50% in less than eight minutes.

5.Yes, BDM Technologies has.

D. Look back at the ad (advertisement) about the history of EVs and find all the examples of the Past Simple tense. Then look at the ad for battery and find all the examples of the Present Perfect tense.

XII. A. You need to buy some cars for your company fleet and you are deciding whether to buy petrolor diesel-powered models. First say whether you think these statements are true or false.

1.Diesel cars are generally cheaper to buy than petrol-driven cars.

2.Petrol-driven cars are more expensive to run than diesels.

3.Fewer people bought diesels in the past than now.

4.Over a car’s lifetime, a diesel model will cost less money to run than a petrol-driven one.

5.The performance of petrol-driven cars is better.

6.Pollution from diesel cars is worse.

B. Now read the article and find out the writer’s opinion of diesel. THE DIESEL ROUTE

In the past, diesel cars had a reputation for being noisier and more sluggish (медленный) than their petrol-driven counterparts. But times have changed and more and more people are discovering that the modern diesel can match the performance of a petrol-driven model. Not only are diesels much more economical to run, but the exhaust from the latest diesel engines is as clean as that from a car with a catalytic converter (нейтрализатор) running on leadfree (неэтилированный) petrol.

According to David Knight, managing director of PHH All-Star, Britain’s largest fleet management company, the time has come for managers to change to diesel. “They’ll be unable to deny the benefits and financial savings of an all-diesel fleet”, he says. Data collected by PHH on the running costs of 120,000 company cars show that petrol-engined cars used 37 % more fuel than diesels, so over the lifetime of the vehicles the diesels worked out far cheaper.

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XIII. Look at the table. You are deciding between three different diesels for your company fleet. Work with a partner. Study this information from the table and ask and answer questions about cars.

a) Which car is the cheapest? And which is the most expensive? b) Which car depreciates fastest? Decide which car to buy and why?

Make	Model	Fuel	List price	Diesel whole-life
				differential cost
Audi	100D 2.5	diesel	£23,211	The diesel is £1,032.65
Audi	100 2.6	petrol	£20,460	cheaper
Citroën XM	Turbo 2.1	diesel	£23,035	The diesel is £1,411.56
Citroën XM	Turbo 2.0	petrol	£22,365	cheaper
Rover	800 2.5	diesel	£18,595	The diesel is £1,655.94
Rover	800 2.0	petrol	£18,395	cheaper

XIV. Here are some ways of comparing things. Study the examples.

Car A uses	much	значительно	more / less petrol than car B.
	far	намного
Car B	a lot		faster / slower than car A.
	rather
	slightly	незначительно

The Same

Car A uses the same amount of petrol as car B.

Car B uses as much petrol as car B.

Both car A and car B do 18 miles to the gallon.

Car A and car B both do 18 miles to the gallon.

Neither car A nor car B is very economical.

Similar

Car A’s design is similar to car B’s.

Car A’s bonnet looks very like B’s.

Car A and car B have similar styling at the back.

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Different

Car A’s headlamps are not at all like car B’s.

Car B’s engine design is different from car A’s.

Car A doesn’t use as / so much petrol as car B.

Car A is very / rather / quite different from car B.

XV. Study the graphs. Work with your partner.

A. Ask and answer questions about the number of people killed in traffic accidents in Russia in 1995 – 2000, in Kemerovo and compare the figures.

							RUSSIA
Killed in accidents,		35	32,8	29,5		29,0	29,7	29,6
	thousand people
		30			27,7
		25
		20
		15
		10
		5
		0
			1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000

					KEMEROVO
accidents,					72,0	76,0
		70	58,0
		60		42,0
		55
		40
in
	people	30
Killed		20
		10
		0
			1998	1999	2000	2001

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B. Analyze the number of traffic accidents in different countries.

Number of accidents		250
	for 1 mln. people	200
		150
		100
		50
		0
		USA	Germany	Japan	Britain	Russia

XVI. A. Write all necessary information of your car. Ask your partner about his car.

Specification

Your car

Your partner’s car

Number of doors

Engine capacity

Petrol consumption

Acceleration 0-60

Top speed

Number of seats

Accessories

Colour

B. Now write a comparison of your car and your partner’s car using information from the table.

XVII. How do you think your car (or the car you would like to have) compares with these models? What factors are most important when you choose the car?

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	Make and model	Audi 100 TDI		Rover 825D		Citroen XM
	List price	£23,211		£18,595		£23,035
	Length	187 inches		192 inches		185 inches
	Width	79 inches		77 inches		79 inches
	Height	56 inches		55 inches		55 inches
	Boot	18 cubic feet		19 cubic feet		16 cubic feet
	Tank	17,6 gallons		15,0 gallons		17,6 gallons
	Maximum speed	124 mph		118 mph		116 mph
	0-60 mph	10,2 seconds		11,8 seconds		10,3 seconds
	Fuel consumption	43,8 mpg		43,1 mpg		41,9 mpg
	Price includes	2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10		2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9,		1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
				10, 11		10, 11
Options:
	1. air conditioning		2. central locking		3. manual sunroof
	4. electric sunroof		5. four electric windows		6. power seats
	7. electric mirrors		8. seat height adjusted		9. split/fold rear seats
	10. radio/cassette		11. steering height adjusted

XVIII. Driving. A. Work in pairs. Write down all the instructions for starting a car and moving it off. Begin like this.

Example: Unlock the door and get in.

Put the key in the ignition and … .

B.Exchange your information with another student.

C.When driving why would you …

dip your lights? flash your lights? do a U-turn? sound your horn? swerve?

slam on your brakes?

XIX. A. Read the definitions and examples of phrasal verbs and try to understand their meanings.

1.back up – to drive backward for short distance She is backing up the car.

She is backing the car up.

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2.cut across – to go straight across instead of around The driver is cutting across the median.

3.to cut off – to drive in front of another car causing to stop quickly; to serve; to interrupt abruptly

He is cutting off the other driver. He is cutting the other driver off.

4.gas up – to put gasoline into the gas tank; to fill the tank

He is gassing up the car.

He is gassing the car up.

5.jack up – to elevate the car with a tool called a jack; to raise He is jacking up the car.

He is jacking the car up.

6.let up (on) – to reduce the pressure on something

She is letting up on the brake.

She is letting up.

7.pull away (from) – to drive a short distance away from The driver is pulling away from the curb.

The driver is pulling away.

8.pull up (to) – to drive forward toward something that is a short distance away

The driver is pulling up to the pumps. The driver is pulling up.

9.run out (of) – to have no more of something He is running out of gas.

He is running out.

10. start up – to start the engine; to set a machine in motion She is starting up the car.

She is starting the car up.

XX. B. Complete the sentences using the following words: start up, pull up (to), jack up, back up, gas up, cut across, pull away (from), run out (of), cut off, let up (on).

1. George ran out of gas.

He should have ………. ……….. before he got on the freeway.

2. George pulled away from the curb without looking in his rearview mirror. He didn’t see the other car and he ……… him .…….. .

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3. The driving instructor told George to back up.

George looked in his rearview mirror and then slowly …….. ……….

………the brake.

4.George got in his car and started up.

Before he …….. …….. from the curb, he checked the mirrors and looked over his left shoulder to make sure that no cars were coming.

5. As George was cutting across the parking lot, he ran over a nail and got a flat tire.

He had to …….. his car …….. and change the tire.

C. How many commands can you make by matching the two/three-word verbs in the left column with the nouns in the right column? How many commands can you make without using any nouns?

Example: Pull out of the driveway.	Or Pull out!
Two/three-word verbs	Nouns
To pull up (to)	the curb
To pull away (from)	the street
To pull over (to)	the gas station
To pull ahead (of)	the driveway
To pull in (to)	the bridge
To pull out (of)	the other car
To pull under	the stop sign
To pull across	the intersection
To pull next to	the parking lot

D. Write your own questions. Make sure that your question is appropriate for the answer given.

1.	(cut off)	_________________
		Yes, I did.
2.	(jack up)	_________________
		Yes, I’m sure she can.
3.	(back up)	_________________
		Sure, no problem.
4.	(start up)	_________________
		No, I’m afraid it won’t.
5.	(gas up)	_________________
		No, I forgot.

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6.	(cut across)	_________________
		You’re not supposed to.
7.	(let up on)	_________________
		I’m afraid that the car will
		stall.
8.	(run put of)	_________________
		No, there’s enough.
9.	(pull away from)	_________________
		I don’t think so.
10. (pull up to)		_________________
		Okay.

E. Read a story. When Danny turned sixteen, his elder brother Peter gave him driving lessons. On their first day, Peter gave the keys to Danny and told him to start up the car.

Danny put the key into the ignition, turned it, pressed the gas pedal, and the car started.

“Well, that was easy!” Danny said happily.

“Don’t be so confident,” Peter warned. ‘Check your mirrors before you back up.”

After Danny looked in both the rearview mirror and the side mirror, he let up on the brake and let his car backward. After they were out of the driveway and onto the street, Peter told Danny to pull up to the curb and stop.

Danny pulled up to the curb. “How’s that?” he asked. “Well, it’s not bad for a first try, but you’re a foot from the curb. Try to pull up closer. You have to learn to judge distance.”

Danny tried again. This time the tires rubbed against the curb.

“Don’t worry. It takes some practice,” Peter assured his brother. ‘Pull away, but be sure you don’t cut anyone off.”

After Danny had driven a few miles, he noticed that they were running out of gas.

“Where’s the nearest gas station, Pete? We have to gas up.”

Peter told Danny to cut across Market Street and to make a left turn onto Kilroy Avenue.

“There’s a gas station on Kilroy,” said Pete.

“Are you sure?” Danny asked, “I think that station closed a month ago.”

“I hope you’re wrong,” said Peter. “There isn’t another gas station near here.”

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Danny groaned as he pulled up to the gas station, “Look, Peter! It is closed. Now what do we do?”

Just then, Peter noticed an elderly man jacking up his car next to the gas station. “Let’s see if he needs help,” said Peter.

“We’re the ones who need help!” Danny exclaimed. They got out of their car and walked over to the old man. ‘Need some help?” Peter asked.

The old man thanked them as he stepped aside to let them change the tire. “How can I repay you?” the old man asked when they had finished.

“It was nothing. Don’t think anything of it,” Peter replied. “Well, there is something you could do for us,” Danny began. “What’s that, young man?” the old man asked curiously.

“You could tell us where we can find a gas station! I’m getting my first driving lesson today and I’ve run out of gas!”

The old man smiled, “You’re luck, son. I have two gallons of gas in the trunk of my car. That’ll be enough to get you across town to the Exscon Gas Station on Jackson Drive.

“Oh, great. Of course, We’ll pay you for the two gallons,” Danny said.

“No, no. I’m glad to help you. It seems that your stopping to help me killed two birds with one stone!” the old man laughed.

F. Put the following statements in chronological order as they happened in the story.

a.… Peter told Danny to pull away from the curb.

b.… Peter told Danny to cut across Market Street.

c.… Peter told Danny to check the mirrors before backing up.

d.… Peter saw the old man jacking up his car.

e.… After checking the mirrors, Danny let up on the brake.

f.… The old man had two gallons of gas in his trunk.

g.… Danny noticed that they were running out of gas.

h.… Peter told Danny to start the car up.

i.… Peter told Danny to pull up to the curb and stop.

j.… Danny said that they needed to gas up.

G. Test

1.The other driver cut me off when a. he drove past me.

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b.he tried to get in line ahead of me.

c.he drove behind me.

2.The store jacked up the prices, so

a.everything was more expensive.

b.everything was less expensive.

c.the customers would be happy.

3.If you back the car up you

a.go forward.

b.stall.

c.go backward.

4.He started the car up after

a.he stepped on the brake.

b.he drove down the hill.

c.he got in.

5.If we don’t gas up now, we might

a.be sick.

b.have an accident.

c.not have enough gas to get there.

6.Roger cut across the field because

a.the grass was too tall.

b.he was in a hurry.

c.he didn’t like the field.

7.The teacher let up on the students because

a.the elevator was broken.

b.class had just begun.

c.they had worked hard and they were tired.

8.I ran out of eggs, so

a.they broke.

b.I borrowed one from my neighbor.

c.I walked slowly.

9.As Grandmother pulled away,

a.she fell.

b.I pulled too.

c.I waved good-bye.

10.I pulled up to the window because

a.I wanted to ask a question.

b.it was stuck.

c.I was hot.