Л.А. Бердюгина Some facys about Cars (Немного об автомобилях)

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H. Answer the following questions:

1.Have you ever been in an automobile accident? If not, have you ever seen one? What happened?

2.What are some difficult things to learn when you learn to drive a car?

3.In this story, Peter noticed that the old man was jacking his car up by himself so Peter stopped and offered to help. Is it common in your country for motorists to stop and help each other? Has anyone ever stopped to help you?

XX. A. Cars and stars. Which of the adjectives given below can describe people, which can describe cars, which can describe both? Fill in the table.

Lively, curious, spontaneous, efficient, nervous, comfortable, proud, independent, cautious, popular, creative, reliable, optimistic, passionate, irritating, moody, safe.

People

Cars

Both

lively

LOVE ME, LOVE MY CAR

B. Which sign (a-l) do you think describes you? Why? Can you find any descriptions that fit people you know? Read the article about astrology and cars.

Aquarius (Водолей)	Leo (Лев)
21st January – 20th February	24th July – 23rd August
Pisces (Рыбы)	Virgo (Дева)
21st February – 21st March	24th August – 23rd September
Aries (Овен)	Libra (Весы)
22nd March – 21st April	23rd September – 22nd October
Taurus (Телец)	Scorpio (Скорпион)
22nd April – 22nd May	23rd October – 22nd November

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Gemini (Близнецы)	Sagittarius (Стрелец)
23rd May – 22nd June	23rd November – 22nd December
Cancer (Рак)	Capricorn (Козерог)
23rd June – 23rd July	23rd December – 20th January

It’s in the Stars

a)You want a different car for every day of the week, from a 2DV to a Rolls Royce – it depends on your mood. (Some people say you’re moody!)

b)You like a car with style and elegance – with somewhere to put your caviar and champagne! It also has to be reliable and comfortable.

c)You’re very lively. You want to live life in the fast lane. Your ideal car is a Porsche or a Lamborghini. You make passengers nervous – your friends and family probably prefer to take the bus.

d)You’re proud and independent, but you’d love to have a chauffeur. You drive a luxury car (in your dreams, at least!). You worry about whether the bar is full – and where to put the music system.

e)You love privacy and mystery. Your car has tinted windows – so you can see out but no-one can see in. In other areas of your life – you’re passionate and live drama but surprisingly, you drive cautiously.

f)You don’t want a car – you want a cupboard on wheels. Somewhere to put your cassettes, sandwiches, maps, and a world atlas – you’re terrified of getting lost. You’re curious too – you’d like a car with a periscope so you can see what the other drivers are doing.

g)You’re a creative person. You think the practical things in life are boring. You use the mirrors to look at yourself – not to see possible dangers on the road. You choose your car because of the colour. You’re not the most popular driver on the road!

h)You’re a spontaneous person so you never plan things. Your fantasy car is a two-seater sports car with an ejector seat for irritating passengers.

i)You’re optimistic and full of big ideas. You love speed and excitement. If you’re rich, you probably have a car with a jet engine. How many cars have you crashed? Slow down!

j)You need a safe car like a Volvo. You’re usually quiet and calm, but in a car you shout at everyone who irritates you. Your language can get so strong that it’s better (and safer!) if no-one can hear you.

k)Your ideal car is probably a BMW or a Mercedes. If you don’t own one of these cars, it’s probably because you think you can’t afford it – but go on,

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live a little! You want your car to be reliable – but you also like a bit of status.

l)You’re a very independent person. You don’t like rules and regulations. You think red lights, stop signs and No Entry signs are for other drivers, not you. You love to be different – and you never wear a seat belt.

XXI. The car is an ecological disaster. It is now the world's number one polluter. From the beginning to the end of its life, one car produces an enormous quantity of pollution. Read the information about car pollution. What other sources of air pollution do you know? Exchange information with your partner. Resume the text.

Your car is killing the Earth

The production of one car results in 1,500 kilos of waste, and 75 million liters

of polluted air.
During its life one car produces:
44,3 tonnes of carbon dioxide	325 kg of carbon monoxide
4,8 kg of sulphur dioxide	36 kg of hydrocarbons
46,8 kg of nitrogen dioxide	20 kg of various chemicals

from the tyres and brakes (an average car over a period of ten years).

When you throw the car away, many dangerous metals (like cadmium) and other chemicals pollute the earth.

The building of roads, motorways and car parks produces a large quantity of pollution. It is impossible to estimate how much.

The statistics above are for one car. There are now approximately 500 million cars on Earth. So multiply all these numbers by 500 million. That gives, for example, more then 22 billion tonnes of CO2 in ten years!

XXII. A. Read the text about Hyundai Sonata. Make up a plan for resuming the text. Resume the text.

Sonata is a front-drive mid-size sedan with standard dual air bags. While the previous generation was built in both South Korea and Canada, the new one is built only in Korea.

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At 185 inches overall, the new model is less than an inch longer than the original Sonata. Wheelbase, however, has grown two inches to 106.3, with most of the additional space used to increase rear leg room.

Two engines are available, both based on Mitsubishi designs. Base engine is a 2.0-liter 4-cylinder that has been substantially revised for the new model to produce 137 horsepower, nine more than previously. The 4-cylinder is standard on the base model and the GL. On the base model, it’s available with a standard 5-speed manual or optional 4-speed automatic; on the GL it comes only with the automatic.

A 142-horsepower 3.0-liter V-6 is standard on the GLS and optional on the GL and comes only with 4-speed automatic transmission with electronic controls that change shift points based on how the car is driven.

Anti-lock brakes are optional on models with the V-6. Sonata meets the more stringent federal side-impact standards. Standard equipment on all the models includes air conditioning and a stereo with a cassette player.

B. Work in pairs. Study the specifications of the car. Ask and answer questions about them.

Specifications	4-door notchback
Wheelbase, in	106.3
Overall length, in	185.0
Overall width, in	69.7
Overall height, in	55.3
Curb weight, lbs	302.5
Cargo volume, cu. ft	13.2
Fuel capacity	5
Front head room, in	38.5
Max. front leg room, in	48.3
Rear head room, in	NA
Min. rear leg room, in	NA

XXIII. A. Work with a partner. Read the text about Jeep Cherokee and ask and answer questions about it (Make up 10-12 questions).

Cherokee is equipped with a standard driver-side air bag for all models and reclining front bucket seats for the base SE model as its main changes for its 12th model year. Cherokee comes in 3- and 5-door wagon body styles, both

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available with rearor 4-wheel-drive. Three price levels are offered; SE, Sport, and Country., the latter only as a 5-door model.

Base engine on the SE is a 130-horsepower 2.5-liter 4-cylinder. Standard on the Sport and Country, and optional on the SE, is a 190-horsepower 4.0-liter inline 6-cylinder. A 4-speed automatic is optional with the 6-cylinder engine. There has been no optional automatic for the 4-cylinder engine in recent years.

Four-wheel anti-lock brakes that work in both 2- and 4-wheel drive are optional with the 6-cylinder engine.

Cherokee offers two 4-wheel drive systems. Command-Trac, a part-time system for use only on slick surfaces, is available on all models. Sport and Country models with the automatic are available with Select-Trac, a full-time system that can be left engaged on smooth, dry surfaces.

B. Read specifications of Jeep Cherokee. Ask your partner about 5-door wagon and answer his questions about 3-door wagon. Your partner will use information from File II, page 43.

Specifications	3-door wagon	5-door wagon
Wheelbase, in	101.4
Overall length, in	166.9
Overall width, in	67.7
Overall height, in	63.8
Curb weight, lbs	289.1
Cargo volume, cu. ft	71.8
Fuel capacity	5
Front head room, in	38.5
Max. front leg room, in	41.4
Rear head room, in	38.5
Min. rear leg room, in	34.9

XXIV. Read and learn by heart questions concerning cars.

1.What is the car designed for?

2.What is its name? What is the name of this car? What is this car/it called?

3.What model is this car/ it ?

4.What color is it?

5.What kind of engine is used? (petrol, gas, electric)

6.What type of engine is the car/ it equipped with? (V, inline, opposite) 7. What engine is this car powered by/ driven by?

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8.	Where is the engine placed? (in the front or in the rear)
9.	What is the engine power?	How powerful is the engine?
	Is this engine powerful?

10.How many cylinders does it have/has the car got?

How are the cylinders arranged? What is the arrangement of cylinders?

11.What is the displacement of this engine?

12.What distance has the car covered?

13.What fuel does this car use? What fuel does it run on?

14.What is the maximum /top speed of this car?

15.How fast does this car accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h? (It accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in ... sec.)

16.What is the price of this car? How much does it cost? How much is it? How much does it sell for?

17.How many seats (doors, brakes ...) are there in the car? What is the seating capacity?

18.What accessories/options are included?

19.How heavy/long/wide is it? How much does it weigh?

What is the overall length/width/height of the car?

20.How many people/passengers/occupants can /does it carry?

21.Is the car noisy or silent?

22.Could you describe the instrument panel/ dashboard of this car? What is it made of? (wood, plastic)

23.What are the sizes/dimensions of this car?

24.Is this car easy to handle?

25.Are there any electrical devices in the automobile?

26.What devices provide safety?

27.What materials are used for the interior/body of the car? What are the seats upholstered with? (leather, synthetic cloth)

28.Is it a new car or a second-hand one?

29.What is the petrol consumption in town cycle & on highway?

30.How much fuel does it use in town cycle or on highway?

31.How much fuel does the car use for 1 km? What is the mileage of it?

32.What is the tank capacity?

33.What kind of transmission/gearbox is it equipped with?

34.What type of car is it? (coupe, convertible, sport, family, etc.)

35.What make of car do you prefer?

36.What make is the car?

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XXV. Memorize the words.

ENVIRONMENTALISTS WANT TO PREPARE

FOR A FUTURE WITH FEWER CARS.

recent	недавний	to require	требовать
mean (meant)	значить, обозначать	to try	пытаться
to face	сталкиваться	to replace	заменять
to underline	подчеркивать	to add	прибавлять
to create	создавать	pollution	загрязнение
few = little	мало	valuable	ценный
one	cлово - заменитель	solar	солнечный
entertainment	развлечение	excitement	волнение

much + adjective	значительно, намного + прилагательное
to ride a bicycle	ездить на велосипеде
to drive /to power	приводить в движение

A. An environmentalist is someone who works to protect the environment: the air, land, and oceans of the Earth. Read the article below.

At a recent meeting of environmentalists, the problem of cars was discussed. Most environmentalists believe that in the future, there will be no more oil. This means that there will be no more gasoline for the cars that so many of us drive every day.

The environmentalists agreed that cars have made our lives much easier and more comfortable. But they believe that it is very important for the people who are working on machines to try and build new ones that will not require gasoline.

“We have always been good at using science to create new machines,” said one environmentalist. “This is very important. Our ability to build and create new forms of transportation will help us face a future without gasoline.”

The environmentalists also discussed the importance of working with businesses to help them prepare for the future. “A world without gasoline means a world with fewer cars,” added one man. “And this is good because it means less pollution. Maybe companies could find a way to pay extra money to workers who take buses or ride bicycles to work.”

Most of the people at the meeting described their deep love for the Earth and their desire to keep it clean. They want to power cars by using solar or

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electric power. Both of these create less pollution than gasoline, and they will continue to be usable in the future.

B. Work with a partner. Ask the environmentalist as many questions as you can.

XXVI. A. Read the first paragraph of the text. Predict what the rest of the reading will be about, using the choices below. You may give more than one answer. Then continue reading the text.

a. the convenience of cars; c. the development of cars;

b.the excitement of cars; d. the danger of cars.

CARS: PASSION OR PROBLEM?

1.For some people, the car is a convenient form of transportation. But for others, the car is an exciting hobby. Some people spend their lives collecting valuable cars. Others drive them in races, including the Mille Miglia in Italy, the Carrera Panamericana in Mexico, and the world-famous Indianapolis 500. For many people, cars are more than transportation: They are a source of passion and pleasure. Yet cars can also be a source of many problems.

2.In 1903, Henry Ford began selling the Model T car for $825. His company, Ford Motors, was the first to produce cars in large numbers. This made the car available to large numbers of people and helped them to travel long distances quickly and easily. The car has brought people much closer to places of work, study, and entertainment.

3.Many people also work in car-related industries: fixing cars, washing cars, advertising cars, and selling car products such as stereos and cellular phones.

4.Most Americans buy a new car every five or six years. This means that one American may own a dozen cars in a lifetime. In fact, there are more cars than people in the United States. In New York City, 2.5 million cars move in and out of the city each day. In this traffic, the average speed is sometimes 8,1 miles per hour. This speed could easily be reached by riding a horse instead of driving a car. But New Yorkers continue to drive, just as people do in California, where freeways are often very crowded.

5.Some environmentalists believe that forms of public transportation such as buses and trains have not been fully developed in the United States. They try to leach others that public transportation saves fuel and helps to protect the environment. Many people are unhappy with car traffic and pollution, as well as with the use of beautiful land for building new roads. One envi-

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ronmentalist, Jan Lundberg, left his Mercedes-Benz in Los Angeles and moved to the forests of northern California. There he works on the Auto-Free Times, a newspaper that teaches people how to live without driving. Lundberg travels on foot, on bicycle, or by bus. Before he decided to live without a car, Lundberg worked for the oil companies, studying the prices of gasoline.

6.Lundberg and other environmentalists dream of turning parking lots into parks and replacing cars with bicycles, but most people around the world believe that the car is a necessary part of life in today's world. Still, there is an important question that must be answered: What kind of fuel will we use when gasoline is no longer available? Lundberg believes that by the year 2021, there will no longer be oil for gasoline makers to use. To solve this problem, car companies in Korea, Japan, Europe, and the United States are trying to develop an electric car that will not require gasoline at all.

7.The electric car is not a new idea. It had a success with American women in the early 1900s. Women liked electric cars because they were quiet and did not pollute the air. Electric cars were also easier to start than gasoline-powered ones. But gasoline-powered cars were faster, and in the 1920s they became much more popular.

8.The electric car was not used again until the 1970s, when there were serious problems with the availability of oil. Car companies began to plan for a future without gasoline. The General Motors Company had plans to develop an electric car by 1980; however, oil became available again, and this car was never produced.

9.Today there is a new interest in the electric car, which is partly related to a passion for speed and new technology. In 1977, engineer Paul Mac Cready, designed a human-powered airplane that successfully completed a three-mile flight. A similar airplane crossed the English Channel in 1977, followed by a solar-powered airplane. In 1987, the Sunraycer, a solar-powered car, won a 2,000-mile race in Australia. As a result of this success, the General Motors Company began new work on the development of the electric car. The Toyota Company recently decided to spend $800 million a year on the development of new car technology. Many engineers believe that the electric car will lead to other forms of technology being used for transportation.

10.Cars may change, but their importance will not. Cars are important to nearly everyone, including engineers, businesspeople, environmentalists, and even poets. Poet Curt Brown believes that cars are part of our passion for new places and new experiences. According to Brown, this "very, very comfortable

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flying chair" will continue to bring us travel and adventure, no matter how it changes in the future.

B.Number the following main ideas in the order they appear in the text.

____a. Soon there will be no oil to fuel cars.

____b. Cars, whether gasoline or electric powered, will always be important.

____c. Cars can cause problems.

____d. To some people, cars are more than transportation.

____e. Some environmentalists teach people how to live without cars.

____f. People in the United States need cars to go to school, to work, and to places of entertainment.

C.Complete the sentences with information from the text. What items (пункты) can you add? Discuss them with your partner.

Advantages of the Car

1.Some people enjoy ________________________

2.People can travel____________________________

3.People are closer to _______ _________________

4.Some people make money by___________________

Disadvantages of the Car

1.There are a lot of cars and ___________________

2.Cars use more fuel than _____________________

3.Beautiful land is replaced with__________________

4.Gasoline may no longer be _____________________

D. Read each part of the outline (план) and cross out one detail that is not included in the text. Exchange information with your partner.

1.There are many cars in the world today.

a.Cars were first produced in large numbers by Ford Motors.

b.There are more cars than people in the world today.

c.Many people have jobs that are related to cars.

d.Two and a half million cars pass through New York City each day.

2.Cars have brought us some problems.

a.In some areas the air is no longer clean.

b.Travel is sometimes slow because of traffic.

c.Cars have made changes in the environment.

d.Studies show that gasoline prices are increasing.

3.The car of the future may be electric.

a.The first electric cars were faster than the gasoline-powered cars.