- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Contents
- •Introduction the subject of the history of the english language. The indo-european family of languages. Germanic languages. The periods in the history of english 5
- •Indo-European Language Family 6
- •Variant I 86
- •Causes of language changes
- •Historical Linguistics
- •Indo-European Language Family
- •Indo-European languages tree
- •Germanic Languages
- •Peculiarities of Germanic languages
- •Germanic people. Origin and culture
- •Germanic Alphabet
- •Periods in the History of English
- •The Old English period: brief outline and main features
- •The Middle English period: brief outline and main features
- •The Modern English period: brief outline and main features
- •The old english period Historical Background: Prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon Britain
- •Old English Writings
- •How Do We Know What Old English Pronunciation Was Like?
- •The Old English Sound System
- •Phonetic Changes in Old English
- •Vowel changes
- •Consonants changes
- •Old English Grammar The Old English Noun
- •The Old English Pronoun
- •Interrogative pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •The Old English Adjective
- •The Old English Verb
- •Irregular (anomalous) verbs.
- •The Old English Numeral
- •The Old English Adverb
- •The Old English Auxiliary Words
- •The Old English Syntax
- •Old English Vocabulary Composition
- •Word building
- •Foreign influences on Old English
- •The middle english period Historical background: Medieval Britain
- •Changes in Spelling
- •Phonetic Changes in Middle English
- •Vowel changes:
- •Changes in Middle English Grammar
- •Changes in Middle English Vocabulary
- •The modern english period Historical background: Tudor Britain, Stuart Britain
- •General Changes in Modern English Phonology
- •The Great Vowel Shift
- •Early Modern English Grammar Changes and features of ModE noun system
- •The Modern English Pronoun
- •Changes and features of Early ModE verbal system
- •Early Modern English Syntax
- •Features of Early ModE vocabulary:
- •Part II The Old English Period
- •Part III the Middle English period
- •Part IV The Modern English Period
- •Appendix 1: British History Timeline
- •Appendix 2: Control tests
- •Part III.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant II
- •Instructions: Basing on the Grimm’s law, explain the correspondences of underlined sounds in the following words of the common root from Germanic and non-Germanic Indo-European languages.
- •Instructions: Provide grammatical analysis of the suggested elements from the sentence below:
- •Verbs — strong or weak type, define tense, aspect, mood, person, number.
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Hamlet by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant III.
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant IV
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from The Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Variant V
- •Part III.
- •Instructions: Read the passage in Middle English, analyze the part in bold and do the tasks below.
- •Task IV.
- •Instructions: Read the following extract from the Taming of the Shrew by Shakespeare and do the tasks below.
- •Related reading
- •Internet resources
- •Г. А. Васильцова история английского языка и введение в специальную филологию
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«Томский политехнический университет»
Г. А. Васильцова
ИСТОРИЯ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА И ВВЕДЕНИЕ В СПЕЦИАЛЬНУЮ ФИЛОЛОГИЮ
Учебное пособие
Издательство ТПУ
Томск 2006
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УДК ББК В 19
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В 19 |
Васильцова Г. А. История английского языка: учебное пособие. – Томск: Изд-во ТПУ, 2006. – 87 с.
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Учебное пособие содержит краткие сведения по истории Англии и характеристике развития и изменений системы английского языка по этапам – древнеанглийский период, среднеанглийский период, ранненовоанглийский период. Каждая часть сопровождается заданиями, нацеленные на развитие умений лингвистического анализа текстов, и также содержит указания на Интернет-источники, где студенты могут получить дополнительную информацию по темам курса. К пособию прилагаются ключи и комментарии к упражнениям, выпускаемые отдельной брошюрой.
Цель пособия – познакомить студентов с основными закономерностями возникновения и развития системы английского языка и особенностями ее существования на современном этапе для повышения общеобразовательного уровня и филологической подготовки студентов как будущих специалистов-лингвистов и привития им навыков исследовательской работы.
Пособие разработано на кафедре Теории и практики перевода ИЯК ТПУ и предназначено для студентов специальности 031202 «Перевод и переводоведение» ИДО факультета языковой коммуникации ТПУ.
УДК
Рекомендовано к печати Редакционно-издательским советом Томского политехнического университета
Рецензенты:
Т.Ю. Казанцева – Зав. кафедрой иностранных языков Северской государственной технологической академии, кандидат филологических наук
С.В. Кузнецова – Ст. преподаватель кафедры английской филологии ФИЯ ТГУ, кандидат педагогических наук.
©Томский политехнический университет, 2006
Contents
Introduction the subject of the history of the english language. The indo-european family of languages. Germanic languages. The periods in the history of english 5
Why learn History of English? 5
Causes of language changes 5
Historical Linguistics 6
Indo-European Language Family 6
Germanic Languages 7
Peculiarities of Germanic languages 9
Germanic people. Origin and culture 13
Germanic Alphabet 16
Periods in the History of English 17
The Old English period: brief outline and main features 17
The Middle English period: brief outline and main features 19
The Modern English period: brief outline and main features 20
THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD 22
Historical Background: Prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon Britain 22
Old English Writings 24
How Do We Know What Old English Pronunciation Was Like? 25
The Old English Sound System 25
Phonetic Changes in Old English 28
Vowel changes 28
Consonants changes 28
Old English Grammar 29
The Old English Noun 29
The Old English Pronoun 34
The Old English Adjective 36
The Old English Verb 38
The Old English Numeral 43
The Old English Adverb 45
The Old English Auxiliary Words 45
The Old English Syntax 46
Old English Vocabulary 47
Composition 47
Word building 47
Foreign influences on Old English 48
THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD 50
Historical background: Medieval Britain 50
Changes in Spelling 52
Phonetic Changes in Middle English 52
Changes in Middle English Grammar 53
Changes in Middle English Vocabulary 56
THE MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD 58
Historical background: Tudor Britain, Stuart Britain 58
General Changes in Modern English Phonology 59
The Great Vowel Shift 60
Early Modern English Grammar 63
Changes and features of ModE noun system 63
The Modern English Pronoun 63
Changes and features of Early ModE verbal system 63
Early Modern English Syntax 64
Features of Early ModE vocabulary: 64
CHECK-UP QUESTIONS AND PRACTICAL ASSIGNMENTS 65
Part I The Subject of the History of the English language. The Indo-European Family of Languages. Germanic languages. The periods in the History of English 65
Part II The Old English Period 66
Part III the Middle English period 74
Part IV The Modern English Period 78
APPENDIX 1: British History Timeline 79
appendix 2: Control tests 86