Thompson Work Organisations A Critical Introduction (3rd ed)

452 • W O R K O R G A N I S AT I O N S

Marchington, M. and Wilkinson, A. 164, 181 Marchington, M. et al. 81

Marcuse, H. 370

Margerison, C. J. and McCann, D. J. 265, 318 Marginson, P. 160, 176

Marglin, S. A. 21, 22

Marks, A. et al. 53, 99, 159, 196, 205, 207, 254, 255 Mars, G. 352

Marsden, R. 124, 126

Martin, J. 137, 200, 201, 250, 264, 378 Martin, J. and Siehl, C. 200, 202 Martin, P. and Nichols, J. 193, 198, 199 Martinez Lucio, M. and Weston, S. 196 Martinko, M. J. 227, 344

Marx, K. 16, 17, 22, 103, 365, 366, 369, 371, 373, 374, 382

Maslow, A. H. 51, 55, 74, 295, 296, 304 Masreliez-Steen, G. 146

Mather, C. 177

Mathews, J. 165, 247, 254

Maurice, M., Sorge, A. and Warner, M. 78

Mayo, E. 45, 47, 48, 49, 51, 55, 191, 194, 201, 360 McArdle, L. et al. 182, 188

McCabe, D. 329

McCann, D. 265 McGill, M. et al. 257

McGregor, D. 51, 53, 267, 268, 295, 353 McHugh, D. 289

McHugh, D. et al. 248, 249, 256, 258, 346, 350, 351

MacInnes, J. 176

McKenna, E. 224, 231, 233, 241, 245, 270, 282, 292, 307, 318, 319

McKinlay, A. 170, 172, 173, 174, 184, 190, 329 McKinlay, A. and Taylor, P. 114, 131, 205 McKinnon, G. 143

McLelland, D. 296

Mead, G. H. 365

Mechanic, D. 121 Meek, V. L. 201, 206 Meindl, J. R. et al. 276 Melling, J. 112 Merton, R. K. 39, 225

Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. 76, 362 Meyer, P. B. 66, 153, 182, 220 Meyer, P. B. et al. 274

Milkman, R. 181, 183 Miller, D. R. 335

Miller, E. J. and Rice, A. K. 325, 330 Miller, G. A. et al. 242

Miller, H. G. and Verduin, J. R. 246 Miller, P. and O’Leary, T. 111 Miller, P. M. 52, 197

Mills, A. J. and Murgatroyd, S. J. 362 Mills, A. J. and Tancred, P. 15, 136 Millward, N. 181

Millward, N. et al. 166, 196 Mintzberg, H. 40, 89, 91, 92, 96 Mirchandani, K. 161

Mischel, W. 309

Mitter, S. 68, 153, 161, 176 Montgomery, D. 24, 33

Morgan, G. 3, 17, 368, 376, 378, 389 Morgan, G. and Hooper, D. 112 Morishima, M. 70

Moscovici, S. 381

Moscovici, S. and Zavalloni, M. 320 Mueller, F. 81, 183

Mulgan, G. 150 Mulholland, K. 99, 180, 208

Mullins, L. 12, 54, 91, 98, 118, 224, 244 Munro, R. 182

Murakami, T. 182 Murdoch, R. 6, 9, 10, 129

Murphy, L. R. and Sorenson, S. 283 Murray, F. 153, 169

Murray, F. and Wickham, J. 107 Myers, M. T. and Myers, G. T. 311 Myers, S. 44, 213, 214, 313

Nadworny, A. 33

Naisbitt, J. and Aburdene, P. 193, 202 Nandhakumar, J. 161

NEDO Report 184

Neimark, C. and Tinker, T. 50

Nelson, D. 25, 29, 32, 34, 44 Newell, H. and Dopson, G. 95, 180 Newton, T. 376, 391

Newton, T. and Findlay, P. 128 Ng, C. W. and Fosh, P. 147 Nichols, T. 369

Nichols, T. and Beynon, H. 95, 209, 296, 318, 323, 331

Nicholson, N. 277 Nickson, D. et al. 171 Noble, D. 64

Nohria, N. 155

Nonaka, I. and Taukeuchi, H. 153, 169 Nord, W. and Fox, S. 220, 382

Norris, C. 375, 392 Nyland, C. 29, 32, 34

O’Connell Davidson, J. 144, 155, 172 O’Donnell, M. 205

O’Neill, N. 126, 130, 373, 384 O’Reilly, C. A. and Chatman, J. A. 101 O’Reilly, J. 176

O Riain, S. 179, 184, 188 Ogbonna, E. 201, 203, 204, 205

Ogbonna, E. and Wilkinson, B. 187, 203, 206 Oliver, J. 100

Osterman, P. 165, 180

Ouchi, W. G. 191, 194

Ouchi, W. G. and Johnson, J. B. 202 Owen, G. 24

Palmer, B. 31

Palmer, I. and Hardy, C. 375

I N D E X • 4 5 3

Pantelli, N. et al. 185

Parker, M. 194, 202, 374, 384 Parker, M. and Jary, D. 174

Parker, M. and McHugh, G. 356, 398

Parker, M. and Slaughter, J. 115, 188 Parsons, T. 118, 124, 360

Pascale, R. T. 11, 88, 149

Pascale, R. T. and Athos, A. G. 191 Pearce, F. 360

Pearson, R. 86, 108 Penn, R. 291 Penrose, R. 15 Perlmutter, H. V. 82 Perloff, R. M. 231 Perrons, D. 189

Perrow, C. 4, 8, 37, 42, 49, 51, 62, 63, 66, 155, 169, 192, 199, 206, 355, 356

Peters, T. J. 4, 117, 154, 155, 156, 170, 273, 331 Peters, T. J. and Austin, N. 199

Peters, T. J. and Waterman, R. H. 11, 49, 52, 55, 92, 191, 193, 195, 199, 202, 208, 250, 360

Pettigrew, A. 120

Pettigrew, A. and Whipp, R. 248 Petty, R. E. and Cacioppo, J. T. 229

Pfeffer, J. 58, 61, 63, 101, 103, 108, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 134, 135, 389

Pheysey, D. 208 Phizacklea, A. 176

Pillingier, D. and West, M. 258 Piore, M. J. 151

Piore, M. J. and Sabel, C. F. 82, 151, 153 Pitelis, C. 80

Poggio, B. 135, 140 Polan, A. J. 372 Pollard, S. 22, 23

Pollert, A. 108, 140, 167, 175, 176, 184, 209, 329 Poole, M. and Mansfield, R. 99

Porter, M. 79, 82, 110

Potter, J. and Wetherall, M. 380 Potter, M. E. 386

Potterfield, T. 172, 180 Prethus, R. 4

Pringle, R. 133, 135, 136, 137, 142, 144, 390 Pritchard, C. 220

Proctor, A. J. et al. 177

Proctor, S. and Mueller, F. 159, 164, 327 Pugh, D. S. 7, 37

Pugh, D. S. and Hickson, D. J. 60 Pugh, D. S. et al. 40

Purcell, J. and Sissons, K. 109 Purcell, J. T. 65, 270, 271 Purcell, K. et al. 160

Putnam, L. L. and Mumby, D. K. 137, 187, 378

Quinn Mills, D. 156

Rainbird, H. 173

Rainnie, A. 173

Ramazanogolu, C. 134

Ramsay, H. 163

Ramsay, H. and Scholarios, D. 138, 139 Ramsey, K. and Parker, M. 135, 372, 380 Randle, H. and Rainnie, A. 8

Randolph, A. 117

Ray, C. A. 114, 194, 203, 205

Reed, M. S. 13, 49, 58, 61, 90, 100, 192, 356, 359, 360, 364, 376, 377, 378, 389, 390

Rees, T. 134

Reich, R. 75, 154, 171

Reich, R. and Gordon, D. M. 106 Reicher, S. 384

Reinstein, A. and Bayou, M. E. 258 Rhinesmith, S. 75

Rifkin, J. 67, 170

Ritzer, G. 41, 168, 186, 358, 373, 374, 390 Robertson, D. et al. 183, 329

Robinson, P. 160

Roethlisberger, F. G. and Dickson, W. J. 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 55, 360

Roffe, I. 257 Rogers, C. 296 Rollinson, D. 270

Rollinson, D., Broadfield, A. and Edwards, D. J. 271 Rollinson, D. et al. 250, 251, 257, 265

Roper, M. 380

Rose, G. 303

Rose, M. 3, 29, 32, 43, 49, 50, 60, 64, 105 Rose, M. and Jones, B. 109, 112

Rose, N. 126, 200

Rosenberg, S. and Hovland, D. 229

Rosenberg, S. and Lapidus, J. 161 Rosener, J. 136, 138

Rosenfeld, P., Giacolone, R. A. and Riordan, L. A. 344

Rosenman, R. H. et al. 277, 282 Rosenthal, P. et al. 206

Rosier, M. 384 Rosnow, R. L. 381

Rothschild-Whitt, T. 372

Rothwell, W. J. and Kazanas, H. C. 229 Rotter, J. B. 236, 347

Rowan, D. 69

Rowlinson, M. 6, 21, 37, 38 Rowlinson, M. and Hassard, J. 369 Roy, D. F. 128, 298, 302, 346 Rubery, J. et al. 132, 147 Rueschemeyer, D. 23, 39, 71, 96, 123 Rugman, A. 85

Russ, G. S. 343 Ryan, R. 177

Sabel, C. F. 151, 156

Sabel, C. F. and Piore, M. 169

Salaman, G. 6, 11, 13, 54, 139, 209, 290, 291, 349, 367, 370, 371

Salancik, G. R. and Pfeffer, J. 225 Sandberg, A. 80, 183

Sandelands, L. E. and Srivatsan, V. 15

454 • W O R K O R G A N I S AT I O N S

Sargent, A. G. 139

Saunders, C. S. 263

Sayer, A. 60, 163, 165, 168, 188, 358, 366, 370, 371 Sayer, A. and Ray, L. 191

Scarborough, H. and Burrell, G. 95

Schein, E. H. 8, 12, 48, 107, 193, 206, 261, 290, 316, 318, 319

Schienstock, G. 85 Schiller, T. 170 Schlenker, B. R. 343 Schneider, M. 384

Schneider, M. and Barsoux, J. L. 76, 196 Schor, J. 188

Schumann, M. 186

Schultz, M. and Hatch, M. J. 389 Schutz, A. 363

Schwartz, H. S. 309 Scott, J. 105, 205 Seivers, B. 290, 306 Seligman, M. E. P. 347 Selye, H. 278, 279, 282

Selznick, P. 11, 249, 267, 272 Senge, P. 249

Sennett, R. 180 Seve, L. 336, 381

Sewell, G. 114, 115, 127, 130, 165, 183, 325 Sewell, G. and Wilkinson, B. 114, 127, 183 Shaiken, H. et al. 172, 185

Shamir, B. 308, 309, 310

Sharpe, D. 184, 185, 329 Shaw, M. 110

Shenhav, Y. 20, 25, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 42, 43, 48, 87, 89, 94, 360, 371

Sheppard, D. 139, 141 Shrivastava, P. 249

Silver, J. 45, 199, 201, 202, 208 Silverman, D. 363, 364, 365 Silverman, D. and Jones, J. 364 Simpson, R. 135, 138, 140, 145, 147 Sims, D. et al. 248

Sirriani, C. 372 Sisson, J. 166, 196

Sisson, K. and Marginson, P. 173 Skinner, B. F. 241

Slappendel, C. 253, 254 Slaughter, J. 185, 188 Sloan, M. 346

Smart, B. 130, 167, 373, 374 Smircich, L. 200

Smith, C. 151, 167, 168

Smith, C. and Elger, T. 79

Smith, C. and Meiksins, P. 78, 81, 83, 84 Smith, C. and Thompson, P. 84

Smith, D. 164, 181

Snyder, M. and Gangestad, S. 236 Snyder, M. et al. 344 Sondergaard, M. 72, 73

Sorge, A. et al. 78

Sparrow, P. and Hiltrop, J. M. 78

Spears, R. 384, 385, 386 Springer, R. 186, 188 Stacey. R. D. 253, 256

Stainton-Rogers, R. and Stainton-Rogers, W. 386 Standing, G. 160

Stanko, E. 141 Starkey, K. 245, 360

Steffy, B. D. and Grimes, A. J. 127

Steiner, T. and Miner, B. 106, 110 Stephenson, C. 329

Stewart, E. 89. 91. 92

Stodgill, R. M. 267, 268, 271, 272, 273 Stone, K. 24, 26, 27

Storey, J. 17, 95, 97, 99, 107, 108, 109, 118, 175, 196, 358

Storlie, F. J. 287 Strauss, G. et al. 363

Streek, W. 85, 111, 157, 159 Stryker, S. 309

Sturdy, A. 114, 292

Sturdy, A. and Fineman, D. 286

Sturdy, A., Knights, D. and Willmott, H. 330 Supple, B. 27, 37, 38, 70, 71

Sussman, L. 262 Sweiger, D.M. et al. 321

Swieringa Wierdsma, A. 248 Symons, G. 145

Taber, T. D. 229

Tailby, S. and Turnbull, P. 163 Tajfel, H. 226

Tajfel, H. and Turner, J. C. 226, 336

Taylor, F. W. 11, 20, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 44, 47, 48, 50, 187, 358, 392–3

Taylor, P. and Bain, P. 116, 188 Taylor, S. 116, 187, 206 Taylor, W. 156, 175

Teasdale, P. 169, 173, 175, 179 Tedeschi, J. T. et al. 231, 344 Tennen, H. and Affleck, G. 275 Teulings, A. 94, 95, 96, 350 Thackray, J. 41, 201, 207, 393 Thomas, A. and Kitzinger, C. 141 Thomas, B. 93, 104

Thompson, E. P. 22 Thompson, J. D. 56, 57, 58

Thompson, J. D. and McEwan, W. J. 66, 385 Thompson, P. 108, 113, 132, 140, 197, 366, 375, 377 Thompson, P. and Ackroyd, S. 131

Thompson, P. and Bannon, E. 95, 322, 330 Thompson, P. and Findlay, P. 192, 194, 200, 208, 352 Thompson, P. and McHugh, D. 301

Thompson, P. and O’Connell Davidson, J. 167, 189, 393

Thompson, P. and Smith, C. 84, 86, 366 Thompson, P. and Wallace, T. 328

Thompson, P., Wallace, T. and Flecker, J. 67, 85, 173

I N D E X • 4 5 5

Thompson, P. and Warhurst, C. 369

Thompson, P., Warhurst, C. and Callaghan, G. 188 Thompson, P. et al. 82, 173, 185, 186, 206, 368 Thurley, K. and Wood, S. 110

Tichy, N. and Devanna, M. A. 272 Tichy, N. et al. 52, 110

Tierney, M. 140

Toffler, A. 240, 252, 258

Tolbert, P. and Zucker, L. G. 361, 362 Tomlinson, J. 109

Tompkins, P. K. and Cheney, G. 325 Torrington, D. 98

Towers, B. 176 Townley, B. 123, 128 Tran, V. 257 Triandis, H. C. 231

Trist, E. L. and Bamforth, K. W. 56 Trist, E. L. et al. 56

Tsoukas, H. 83, 87, 93, 94, 249, 361, 365, 378 Tuckman, A. 41, 185, 268, 269, 317

Turnbull, P. J. 157, 175, 185, 188 Turner, J. C. 226, 336

Turner, L. and Auer, P. 182

Tyler, M. and Taylor, S. 142

Ure, A. 22

Van Maanen, J. 247, 344 Vidal, J. 169

Vroom, V. H. 294, 301

Vroom, V. H. and Mann, F. C. 268 Vroom, V. H. and Yetton, P. W. 270, 271

Wainwright, H. 159

Wajcman, J. 132, 133, 138, 140, 145, 147 Walby, J. 132

Walker, C. R. and Guest, R. H. 60 Wall, T. D. et al. 324

Wallace, C. 111 Walton, R. E. 102 Walzer, M. 128 Wardell, M. 98 Warhurst, C. 79

Warhurst, C., Nickson, D. and Shaw, E. 80 Warhurst, C. and Thompson, P. 171, 189 Waterman, R. H. 103

Watson, T. 13, 89, 93, 94, 95, 109, 120, 121, 208, 241, 369, 390, 392

Webb, J. 147, 208 Webber, A. 156

Weber, M. 4, 7, 11, 16, 19, 20, 34, 35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 74, 119, 122, 126, 133, 149, 186, 272, 273, 327, 355, 357, 358, 359, 360, 363, 366, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 379, 380

Webster, F. 132, 140, 379

Webster, M. F. and Robbins, K. 127 Weick, K. 202, 305

Weigert, A. J. 335, 340 Weigert, A. J. et al. 334

Weightman, J. 217 Weir, D. 368 Weldon, F. 137 Wellin, M. 305

West, M. and Farr, J. L. 253, 255 West, P. 247, 256, 258 Westwood, S. 108, 140, 209, 338 Wexler, P. 303, 336, 381 Wheeler, S. and Lyon, D. 286 Whipp, R. 110

Whitaker, A. 66 Whitehead, T. 45, 50

Whitley, R. 54, 68, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 86, 88, 90, 99 Whittington, R. 65, 177, 368

Whyte, W. H. 5, 191, 263, 294, 314, 331 Wickens, P. 165, 184

Wiener, N. 307

Wilkinson, A. 64, 107, 164, 183, 342 Wilkinson, A., Godfrey, W. and Marchington, M.

182, 183, 205

Wilkinson, A. and Willmott, H. 41, 185

Williams, K. et al. 33, 81, 151, 167, 168, 169, 185 Williams, R. 172

Williamson, O. 37, 38, 67, 128 Willis, P. 140, 209, 291

Willmott, H. 90, 118, 127, 188, 192, 200, 201, 204, 207, 327, 361, 374, 378, 385

Wilson, F. and Thompson, P. 131, 141 Wilson, F. M. 133

Wilson, G. 134, 136

Winfield, I. J. and Kerrin, M. 249 Winstanley, D. 108

Wise, S. and Stanley, L. 143, 144 Witz, A. 111, 147

Witz, A., Halford, D. and Savage, M. 142, 143, 144 Witz, A. and Savage, M. 132, 136, 148, 379, 380 Womack, J., Roos, D. and Jones, D. 164, 165 Womack, J. et al. 81

Wood, S. 59, 63, 107, 165, 167, 168, 173, 182, 187

Wood, S. and Albanese, M. T. 181

Wood, S. and De Menzes, L. 166 Woodward, J. 60, 361

Woolf, J. 15

Wray, D. 198

Wright, C. and Lund, J. 185 Wright, E. O. 200, 205 Wright Mills, C. 6

Yates, D. 159, 160

Yakhlef, A. and Sulzer-Morling, M. 169

Yarrow, M. 330, 331

Zeitlin, M. 104

Zimbalist, A. 107

Zimbardo, P. G. et al. 232

Zimmerman, D. 363

Zuboff, S. 114, 115, 131, 263, 277

Subject Index

accountants, role of accounting controls 7, 29, 37,		careers 38–9, 53, 95, 159, 178–9, 345–6, 371
94, 97–8, 128, 314		Central and Eastern Europe	38, 80, 85
agency xviii, 17–18, 97–8, 100, 104–5, 124–5, 131,		change xvi, 17, 213, 240, 247–59, 260, 272–5,
221, 251, 308, 362, 364, 368–9, 373, 378, 384–6		283–6
aggression	217, 238, 282	and learning organisations	247–53
alienation	60, 289, 306, 338, 350, 366, 371	models 250–3

appraisal	116, 127–8, 227, 232, 237, 242, 275,					programmes 99, 200–1, 206–9, 253–5, 351–2
289, 343, 351						see also creativity, learning, innovation
Aston Studies			39–40, 50–1			China 75, 80
attitudes	xvi, 207–8, 215, 222, 225, 229–33, 236–7					class relations 4, 11, 86, 96, 331, 341–2, 366–8
and identity			220, 340			classical management theory 19, 37, 41, 86–9, 92–3
and personal development 246						clerical, white-collar employees 27, 105, 139, 159,
attitude-behaviour correlation 230–1						171
theory of reasoned action 231						co-operatives, alternative forms of organisation
change	231–3, 250, 273, 312, 326–8, 340–1,					195–7, 220, 394–5
352–4						commitment 42, 138, 164–6, 180–2, 191, 195–6,
and teams			328–30			208, 228–9, 248, 273–6, 284, 287, 292–3, 294,
components and definitions 229–30						299–305, 308–10, 349–51, 385
surveys	215, 229–31					group 272, 318–21, 330–2
see also values						mainstream v. critical view 319
attribution theory				xvi, xvii, 226–8		mobilisation of 53, 310–15, 327
and leadership 275–6						public 231–2, 237, 249, 265, 273
and stress		297–84				communication xvi, xvii, 220, 251, 257, 260–4,
attributional labour 289, 348–9						268–9, 300
self-attribution				283, 348–50		and groups 316–18, 331
Australia	86, 134, 177, 179, 181					and influence xvii, 264–6
Austria	80, 111					and power 262–4
behaviourism			214, 241			non-verbal	344
						management information systems 248, 263–4,
see also learning						openness 262–3
benchmarking 81, 85, 185, 251						process 260–3
Benetton	153, 173–4					see also culture, leadership
best practice, spread of 75, 84–5, 111, 123, 157,						comparative organisation, analysis of xiv, 70–1, 78,
173						82–5
Body Shop 193, 206						compliance 229, 231, 249, 265, 312–14
bureaucracy 3–7, 10, 20, 35–41, 59, 77, 134–7,						and learned helplessness 227, 347
139–41, 145–9, 156–7, 172–5, 182, 189, 190, 327,						conflict 9, 17, 33, 36, 39, 104, 217, 261, 299
357–9, 370–4, 380						intergroup	321–4, 336
bureaucratisation of production					25–8, 29–41	conformity	265, 312–13, 346
post-bureaucratic organisations					136–7, 147–50,	consent 291, 330
154–6, 173, 189, 375–7						mobilisation of 17, 113, 123, 216, 221, 248, 306,
see also control, bureaucratic						323, 338–9, 350
business process re-engineering (BPR) 163, 182, 185						consultants	29, 50, 100, 191, 201, 203, 253, 255,
call centres		114–16, 154, 187, 287–8, 346				265, 283, 296, 300, 350
						contingency theory 7, 58–61, 71–2, 88, 219, 361,
capitalism		28, 85–6, 90, 123, 358, 366–73				364
circuits of		111–12, 369				critiques of 63–9
managerial			70–1, 77, 87–8, 90			see also leadership
types, development of 21–2, 77–8						control 30–2, 63–9, 101–16, 127–8, 180–4,

I N D E X • 4 5 7

214–21, 241, 256, 262–5, 273, 286, 307–8, 316–19, 338–9, 348–54

and stress 289–93

and teams 102–3, 329–33

bureaucratic 38–41, 52, 106–7, 115, 130, 156–7, 192, 198, 203, 298, 345, 373

concertive 325–7 craft 24–5, 29

mainstream perspectives on 101–3

management strategies of 97, 105–11, 232, 238, 266

normative regulation 192–3, 197, 202–4, 290, 313, 325–33

personal, pre-bureaucratic 23–5 radical perspectives xv, 103–9 technical 106, 115–16

see also motivation

coping 288–9, 299, 302, 320, 333 responses 219, 282, 286

with uncertainty 247, 258, 260–6, 312–15, 326–7, 338–40, 347–50

see also stress

counselling xvii, 213–15, 282–6, 301, 349 see also stress

craft see skilled workers

creativity xvi, 169–70, 184, 229, 240, 249, 253, 255–9, 298, 319, 320–1, 331, 338–9, 342, 382 see also change, innovation, learning

culture 114, 191–209, 234–6, 254–6, 261, 271–6, 291, 310, 337–41, 352

corporate 52–3, 55, 82, 113–14, 126–7, 190–5, 198–201, 204–8, 215, 224, 313, 360, 376 gendered 135, 139–40

national 71–6, 196, 228

organisational, sub-cultures 196, 200–1, 207–9, 228, 323, 329

scripted 288, 345

customer care programmes 192, 195, 203–5

decentralisation of organisations 40, 153–6, 172–5, 189

decision-making 38, 58, 123, 149, 182, 236–8, 252, 257, 268, 317–23, 327

see also motivation deconstruction 376, 378, 395

dialectical perspective 17, 255–6, 333, 363 direct selling organisations 10, 209 disorganisation 3–4, 18, 151, 156, 172, 175 diversity, managing 145–7

downsizing 9, 95, 107, 155–6, 174, 179, 189, 207, 217, 273, 325, 358

Durkheimean perspectives 194, 203, 359–60

East Asian economies 74, 77, 104, 147 effort bargain 39, 162, 175, 188–9, 198, 367 embeddedness 16, 79, 82, 355

emotions in organisations 137–8, 142, 192–3, 217, 220, 229, 233, 258, 268, 277, 281, 308, 313, 330 emotional labour 186–8, 286–93, 345, 351

employment relationship 3, 5–6, 38, 41, 48, 52–3, 156–62, 178–80, 196, 205, 254, 262, 369–71

employment trends 171–2

empowerment 12, 19, 103, 117, 180, 187, 248, 257, 313, 323, 391, 395

engineers, ideology and practices 27, 29–32, 40–1, 43, 64, 71, 77, 87, 94, 170, 360

environments, of organisations 8, 54–69, 85, 97–8, 258, 277, 311, 360–2

equal opportunity practices 133, 145–7, 395 ethnic divisions 29, 41, 140, 146, 162, 176 ethnomethodology 364–5, 369

exchange theory 58, 253, 301

family, the 7–8, 16, 23, 66, 77, 140, 147, 339, 369 flexibility, at work 33, 111, 156–62, 188, 248, 257,

299, 328–9, 346, 350

flexible firm model 158–61, 175–8, 189

flexible specialisation theory 151–3, 155, 167–9, 173, 186, 189

Ford Motor Company 45, 58, 80, 128, 157, 163, 183, 246, 291

Fordism, post-Fordism 33, 82, 150–3, 168, 205 Foucault, Foucauldian perspectives xv, 116,

124–31, 137–8, 143–5, 183, 204, 373, 376 France 30, 33, 37, 71, 78, 176

franchising 155, 173 free trade zones 68–9

functionalist theory 118, 357, 360, 389

gender, in organisations 15, 41, 72, 132–42, 193, 206, 224–7, 298, 379–80

divisions, women workers 108, 132, 160–1, 176, 218–9, 298, 330–1

identity 137–8, 143, 218–9, 337–8

General Motors 37, 50, 58, 66, 153, 163, 183, 202–3

Germany 37, 71, 78, 111, 186 globalisation xiv, 79–86, 91, 149, 393

goals 8–10, 15, 49, 192, 207, 220, 237–8, 242–6, 270–2, 290–1, 294–303, 306–10, 316, 325, 336–8, 364

goal-setting 252, 273, 282, 303–6 superordinate 190, 194, 267, 309 see also motivation

Greece 345

groups xv, xvii, 220, 225–8, 248, 316–17 and autonomous working 325–6, 351 and leadership 267–9, 275–6

and socialisation 243–4, 319–20 cohesiveness 48, 320–1 definitions 316–17

formation, typologies 317–19, 325, 330 Groupthink 320–1, 331

identity 47–8, 305, 321–4, 332–3, 335–8, 341 see also motivation, perception, personality, teamwork

Hawthorne Studies 45–51, 199, 215, 283, 317, 360

458 • W O R K O R G A N I S AT I O N S

Hewlett Packard (HP) 195–6, 205

hierarchy 4, 7, 12, 21–2, 37–8, 227, 266, 325, 367 high performance work systems 53, 163–6, 180–1 homeworking 174–6, 179

see also teleworking

human relations theory 45–52, 55, 88, 102, 108, 150–4, 191, 194, 203, 215–16, 268, 273, 294–5, 357, 359–60, 392–3

human resource management (HRM) xvii, 51–3, 71, 79, 98–9, 110, 112, 146, 192, 195–7, 200, 208, 215, 229, 237, 247–9, 274, 301, 317, 331–2, 353, 385, 389, 395

IBM 72–3, 84, 191, 195–6, 199, 201–2, 205 identification 231, 243, 258, 287, 312–13, 335 identity ix, 49, 129–30, 204, 218–21, 236–9,

334–54, 376, 382–5

and motivation 295, 302–3 and perception 223, 225–6 collective 284, 292, 338, 384–5

construction of xvi, 233, 242–3, 251, 298, 320 definitions 220–1, 235, 334–6

identity work xvii, 346–50, 386 managerial 109, 236, 276, 351–4 pressures on 292, 319, 321–4, 341–3 projects 305–6, 310–12, 3323 securing 339–41

superordinate 323, 332

see also gender, groups, impression management, subjectivity

ideologies of management 11–14, 32, 50–1, 91, 96, 208, 298, 338, 348–50, 377

impression management (IM) xvii, 237, 264–6, 287, 343–6, 351

tact 275, 314, 335, 343 India 184

industrial relations systems 3, 78–9, 85, 98, 157, 165–6, 226, 353

industry

bio-technology 67, 169–70

computers, software 67–8, 107, 170, 184–5, 188, 203

high-technology, engineering 37, 114–15 financial services 71, 218, 225 food/drink 171, 205, 255, 329

iron/steel 25–6, 30, 177 mining 57, 330–1

motor 33, 39, 186 (see also Ford, General Motors, Nissan, Volvo)

services, retail and other see service work textiles, clothing 23, 176–7

informal organisation 8, 47–9, 194, 324, 359–60, 363–4

innovation xvi, 21–2, 24–5, 33, 174, 189, 240, 249, 253–9, 354

see also change, creativity, learning

insecurity of employment 95, 159, 177–80, 207–8 institutional theories 71, 76–9, 82–4 intensification of work 81, 95, 115, 188–9, 273,

289, 293, 329

interests, nature and divergence of 9, 11, 31, 53, 94, 102–3, 112, 121–4, 129–30, 189, 393

internalisation, of values 114–15, 165, 200, 205–6, 231, 246, 273, 290, 312–13, 326–7, 338

Italy 168–9, 173, 176

Japan 33, 77, 86, 177–8, 183, 191–2, 194, 203, 393

Japanese management, methods in Western economies 41, 58, 81–2, 149, 157, 163–4, 222, 267, 319, 345

just-in-time, method of production (JIT) 58, 66, 114, 127–8, 157, 163, 165, 168, 249

knowledge

economy 150, 153–4, 169–70

in work 23–4, 27, 30–2, 76, 84, 164, 171, 371 managerial 169–70, 184

see also tacit skills

labour markets 66, 98, 106, 147, 158–61, 337 internal 27, 38, 139, 197

labour process theory 365–70, 384, 386, 388 of control 65–6, 93–4, 103–8, 114–15, 131, 366–7

leadership xvi, xvii, 151, 193, 264, 266–76 and power 274–6

charismatic 272–4 contingency model 269–71 definitions 266–7

roles and acts 267–9, 347 styles 268–72

traits 267 transformational 271–2

see also culture, networks, stress

lean production 80–2, 115, 164–5, 183–4, 188 learning xvi, 185, 217, 222, 240–58, 278, 312, 327

behaviourist and cognitive theories of 217, 240–3 curve 246, 249

definitions 240

rules and action regulation 242, 290–3, 345 social learning theories 243–4, 335 transfer 245–6

see also scripted behaviour, socialisation learning organisation xvi, 240, 247–53

see also organisational learning

locus of control 227, 236, 248, 280–1, 325–7, 336

management

and relationship to capital 94–5, 104–5, 108, 221, 288, 368–9

as a labour process 94–100 by objectives 246, 304

see also classical management theory managerial work, nature of 89–94, 118, 179–80, 271, 275, 350–4

of meaning 262, 264, 273, 394 self248, 327

I N D E X • 4 5 9

see also control, change, stress managerial revolution thesis 56, 90 Marxist theory 21, 93–4, 369, 374

and psychology xviii, 381–5

of organisation 103–4, 108, 111–12, 123, 365–6 masculinity 134–8, 140, 147, 206, 344, 346,

378–80

mass production 5, 27, 33, 70, 167–8, 390 McDonald’s, McDonaldization 41, 84, 186, 202,

373–4, 390

mergers and acquisitions 6, 25, 67–8, 170–1 misbehaviour 120, 256, 352–4

mission statements 8–9, 192, 196, 205 models of man approach 217, 339, 393 motivation xv, xvii, 31, 227–8, 246, 272, 292

and job design 225, 258, 324 and satisfaction 297–300, 302 and self concepts 308–10 content theories 295–301 control theories 307–10 definitions 294–5

intrinsic and extrinsic 256–7, 306, 309–11, 321, 385

process theories 301–5

see also commitment, goals, identity, product life cycle, values

multidivisional structures 27, 37–8, 67, 95 mutual gains 165–6, 258

networks 121, 138–40, 151–5, 173, 189, 243, 254–5, 263–4, 267, 305, 321, 354, 382

and leadership 274–5

neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) 265 New Zealand 177, 179

non-standard employment 160–1, 176–7 Nissan 123, 157, 159, 173

NUMMI 145, 165, 183, 185, 188

organisation development (OD) 272, 343 organisation man 191, 208–9, 263–4, 336 organisation society 4–5, 90

organisation theory 7–8, 51, 118–19, 133–4, 216, 277, 386, 388–94

mainstream 355–62 radical 365–80, 386

organisational learning 240, 246–9, 255 see also learning, learning organisations

organisational behaviour (OB) xv, xvi, 3, 7, 18, 51, 192, 213–21, 229, 234, 303, 339, 382 mainstream agenda xvi, 213–18, 240, 295, 300–1, 336, 381

organisations, definitions of 5–7 organising logics xi, 8, 10

paradigms, of organisation theory 214, 356, 382, 386–92, 394

participation, of employees 45, 73, 123, 151, 153, 157, 163–6, 180–3, 395

paternalistic organisations, management 227, 338

patriarchy 16, 83, 132, 136, 337, 380

peer pressure 114–15, 128, 165, 183, 314, 325, 329 see also surveillance

perception xvi, 221–9, 233, 237–9, 246, 261, 275–6, 279, 299, 320, 336

definitions 222

halo and accentuation effect 225 perceptual organisation 222–6 projection (assumed similarity) 225–6

self-fulfilling prophecy 225, 232, 281, 314, 347 social information processing model 225 stereotyping 225–7, 229, 234–6, 244, 257, 267, 321, 337–40

see also attribution theory

personality xvi, 42–3, 220–1, 227–8, 233–7, 245–6, 251, 265, 318–19, 354, 384

and genetics 233, 236–7, 311, 334 and testing 234–7, 246, 284 definitions 233

traits and types 234–5, 266, 277, 310

see also leadership, perception, recruitment and selection

personnel function 44–5, 50–2, 98, 393 political economy 14, 54, 68–9, 83–5, 367, 393 political system, of organisations 61, 118–19,

274–5

popular management literature 55, 91, 117, 149–50, 189, 265, 280, 377, 393–4

population ecology 61–3, 65–6 portfolio employees 178–9

post-modernism, and organisations xvii, 110, 124, 150, 156, 201, 374–9, 384–7, 389–92, 395

positivism 14, 357, 389–91, 394 post-structuralism 124–31, 137–8, 144, 200, 205,

376, 379

power 3–4, 9, 19, 57–8, 72–3, 112, 117–31, 262–6, 275, 384

and gender 134–6, 379–80

mainstream understandings of 49, 117–21, 214–5 panoptic 114–15, 125–30

radical theories of 121–31, 371 situational 299, 314, 336–42, 350

practitioners 13, 18, 63, 118, 216, 220, 265, 289, 292, 295, 300, 392–3

product life cycle 280, 301

product markets 55, 58–9, 62, 65, 68, 151–3, 168 professions, role of in organisations 87–8, 96, 99,

174, 179–80, 185, 246, 264, 290–2, 360 inter-professional competition 96–100, 369 see also accountants, engineers, personnel

psychology/organisational psychology xvi, 16–17, 213–21, 233, 303, 354, 381–6

cognitive psychology 223–6

critical theories of xviii, 365, 381–6 definition 213

industrial psychology 42–9, 213–17 mainstream perspectives on 213–18

social psychology 215–17, 226, 247, 265, 335, 381–6

460 • W O R K O R G A N I S AT I O N S

see also Marxism

psychological contract 162, 178–80, 189, 290, 314 public sector 7, 39, 65, 99, 184, 188–90, 207, 257,

370, 379

quality 245, 258

quality circles 163, 181, 215, 383

quality of worklife programmes (QWL) 163, 165, 182, 300, 325

total quality management (TQM) 114, 127–8, 164–5, 175, 182, 185, 188, 192, 249, 306

rationality xviii, 6–7, 10–12, 15–16, 48–9, 89–91, 108, 110, 118, 133, 137, 141, 150, 220, 257, 295, 326, 350, 357–9, 368, 371–2, 377–8, 394

recruitment and selection 31, 42–3, 66, 108, 165, 187, 224, 235–7, 291, 337

see also personality

reification 8, 63, 89, 220, 224, 247, 257, 303, 305, 350, 363, 382, 386

resistance

to threats to identity 276, 323–4 supervisory and management 32–4

worker 12, 17–18, 22, 31–2, 116, 121–2, 128–30, 206–7, 232, 250–2, 286, 290, 313, 321–3, 330–1, 354, 373

resource dependency model 57–8, 63 reward systems 2, 6, 31–3, 290, 313

role 217, 220, 244–5, 263, 312, 317–19, 324, 345–8

and leadership 268–9, 372, 275–6 control 290–3, 343

specialisation/differentiation 269, 290, 332 see also stress

science
of organisations		14, 88, 156, 360–1
realist views of 391–2
status of 14, 32, 375, 390–1
Scientific Management see Taylorism
scripted behaviour		228, 232, 242–5, 265, 277,
288, 291–2, 302–4, 312, 341–8, 354
self	220–1, 226, 237, 308–12, 314, 343–7, 385
minimal 220–1

typified 335

self categorisation theory 226, 264, 336 service sector work 41, 114–16, 154, 171, 186

bureaucratisation of 41, 186–7, 373 sexuality, organisational 22, 135, 140–5

sexual harassment 141–3

skill 22, 171, 184–7, 242–7, 264–6, 270–6, 316, 340–1

deskilling 31–3, 64, 107, 184–5, 302, 340–2, 380 multiskilling 158–9, 163–5, 178, 184–5, 325

soft skills 138, 165, 329 see also tacit skills

skilled workers 24–7, 29, 33, 64, 151, 159, 186, 285, 291–3, 297

small firms 78, 151–5, 169–70, 173–8 social action theory 363–5, 359, 388

social comparison 226, 246, 280, 301 social facilitation 304, 314–15, 325, 349 social identity theory 226, 243, 336

socialisation 215, 224, 239, 241–4, 248, 250, 290–2, 303, 312, 336

group 319–20, 328–31, 338, 352–4 see also groups, learning

socialist societies 83–4, 370, 395 societal effects approach 78–9, 84 staff development 246–7 stakeholders 8–9, 50, 121, 165

state, role of 8–9, 71, 77–8, 80–1, 85–6, 106, 362, 369 strategic choice 63–7, 79, 190, 352

strategic contingency, model of power 120–1 strategy, formation of 65, 156, 177, 192, 197, 253,

349, 373

stress xv, 188, 215, 235, 277–93, 306, 321, 324, 327, 351

and control 289–93 and emotion 285–7 and illness 215, 277–82 arousal 278–9, 293 burnout 287–9

home/work boundary 280, 282 management 281–6

wellness programmes 282, 293

see also coping, counselling, leadership sub-contracting 22–6, 155, 160–2, 174, 177 subjectivity xv, 17, 217–21, 283, 334, 382–6

construction of 218–19, 308

reproduction and transformation of 305, 388 see also identity

supervisory labour 25–6, 31–3, 116, 183, 304, 342, 350

surveillance 115–16, 165, 183, 186, 188, 215, 354 self–-monitoring 188, 236, 327, 336, 343–4, 354 Sweden 33, 76, 80, 147

systems theory 14, 55–6, 64–7, 83, 133–4, 307, 359, 360–3, 377

closed systems 55–6, 89, 361 open systems 56–61, 361

socio-technical systems 56–7, 61–4, 215

tacit skills and knowledge 170, 187, 187–8, 219, 274, 289, 329, 383

Taylorism 14–15, 29–37, 40–1, 43–4, 105–6, 168, 182, 184–7, 236, 267, 286, 295, 337, 357–8, 392–3

teamworking xvii, 45, 64, 97, 102–3, 114–15, 156, 159, 164–5, 182–3, 185–6, 258, 315–17, 321, 324–33, 395

see also groups

team briefings 163–4, 181–2, 196

technologies of regulation xvi, xvii, xviii, 213–17, 232, 240–1, 249, 289, 300–1, 304, 305, 318–19, 348–54, 385

technical workers 8, 183–5

technology, role of 2–4, 51, 60, 64, 107, 113, 250, 254, 379

I N D E X • 4 6 1

advanced manufacturing technology 151–3, 163, 168, 185, 342

information technology, influence of 81, 96, 128, 150–1, 156, 170, 174–5, 64, 99, 127, 142, 180–1, 187, 189–91

teleworking 155, 161–2, 173, 178 total institutions 127, 313–15 Toyota 58, 81, 84, 249

trade unions 24, 26, 34, 38, 45, 48, 50, 53, 66, 81–2, 112, 156–7, 196, 198, 319, 337

training 27, 50, 159, 165, 240, 260 of management 291, 350

transaction costs 38, 67

transnational companies 68–9, 79, 81–3, 122, 137 trust, high and low relationships 53, 151–2, 156,

163, 180–2, 196

United Distillers/UDV 159, 255

United States (USA) 7–8, 23–6, 29–30, 33, 37, 43–5, 50, 70–1, 73, 133, 159, 161, 165, 170–1, 178–9, 181, 189, 214, 258, 273, 284

values, role of in organisations 11–12, 14, 22, 53, 74–5, 192–3, 208–9, 220, 228–33, 258, 277, 316–17, 326–7, 360

and motivation 306, 308–10 Volvo 80, 163, 183, 351

see also groups

Weberian theory 4, 15–16, 34–8, 133–6, 272, 327. 357–9, 378–9

neo-Weberianism 39–40, 135, 364

radical Weberianism 123, 186, 362, 370–4, 388 WERS surveys 165–6, 181–2, 196–7