Кизлюк А.И - . Справочник по устройству и ремонту телефонных
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jZafudZ_lky ij_ju\Zy p_iv iblZgby j_e_ DA Ihke_^gbc hlimkdZ_l ydhjv b \gh\v ijbly]b\Z_l _]h lZd dZd DA
aZfudZ_lky JZ[hlZ j_e_ DA ijh^he`Z_lky ^h l_o ihj ihdZ ih^\b`guc dhglZdl DA A g_ aZcf_l bkoh^gh]h iheh`_gby b q_j_a h[fhldm j_e_ DA i_j_klZg_l ijhoh^blv lhd
LZdbf h[jZahf _keb ihkfhlj_lv gZ \j_f_ggmx ^bZ]jZffm jZ[hlu ghf_jh gZ[bjZl_ey jbk lh gZ]ey^gh \b^_g ijbgpbi nhjfbjh\Zgby bfimevkghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb mijZ\eyxs_c jZ[hlhc :LKQ_ldhklv jZ[hlu j_e_ b we_dljhfZ]gblZ
rZ]h\h]h bkdZl_ey g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh aZ\bkbl hl \j_f_gb jZafudZgby dhglZdlZ BD ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_ey l_e_nhg gh]h ZiiZjZlZ ;_eb \j_fy jZafudZgby [m^_l [hevr_ k lh ijb jZafudZgbb dhglZdlZ D j_e_ D g_ kfh`_l m^_j`Zlv ydhjv b kh_^bg_gby g_ ijhbahc^_l Z :LK i_j_c^zl \ j_`bf hl[hy Ijb \ukhdhc qZklhl_ ke_^h\Zgby bfimevkh\ b fZehc bo ^ebl_evghklb we_dljhfZ]gbl rZ]h\h]h bkdZl_ey g_ mki__l ijblygmlv ydhjv b lh]^Z kh_^bg_gby lZd`_ g_ ijhbahc^zl
Bf_ggh ihwlhfm \ khhl\_lkl\bb k =HKL d bfimevkguf ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_eyf L: ^ey h[_ki_q_gby ghjfZevghc jZ[hlu ijb[hjh\ :LK ij_^ty\eyxlky ^hklZlhqgh `zkldb_ lj_[h\Zgby Bo \j_f_ggu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e
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LZ[ebpZ <j_f_ggu_ oZjZdl_jbklbdb bfimevkguo ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_e_c L: |
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OZjZdl_jbklbdZ |
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>himklbfh_ |
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O |
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Bfimevkguc dhwnnbpb gl hlghr gb \j f_gb jZafudZgby WS d \j_f_gb |
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O |
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aZfudZgby W dhglZdlZ bfimevkgh]h dexqZ |
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Dghihqgu_ L: |
k qZklhlguf gZ[hjhf |
ghf_jZ |
bkihevamxlky |
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ijb jZ[hl_ |
k we_dljhggufb b |
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d\Zabwe_dljhggufb :LK I_j_^ZqZ dZ`^hc pbnju \ |
khhl\_lkl\bb |
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k |
=HKL \ |
qZklhlghf |
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ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_e_ hkms_kl\ey_lky fgh]hqZklhlguf dh^hf ba >ey wlh]h ijbf_gyxlky ^\_ ]jmiiu qZklhl |
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N |
gb`gyy ]jmiiZ qZklhl =p =p =p =p |
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N |
\_jogyy ]jmiiZ qZklhl =p =p =p =p |
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Wlhl dh^ h[_ki_qb\Z_l dhf[bgZpbc kb]gZevguo qZklhl ba dhlhjuo bkihevamxlky ^ey gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ |
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Dghidb b bkihevamxlky ijb gZ[hj_ dh^h\ ^hihegbl_evguo \b^h\ h[kem`b\Zgby Dghidb : < K b ' |
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ijbf_gyxlky \ jZkrbj_gghc deZ\bZlmj_ >ebl_evghklv ^\moqZklhlghc ihkuedb ^he`gZ [ulv g_ f_g__ fk |
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iZmau g_ f_g__ fk KlZ[bevghklv qZklhl g_ om`_ “ |
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Dhf[bgZpby kb]gZeh\ b khhl\_lkl\b_ qZklhl dZ`^hc dghid_ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e |
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QZklhlZ |
=p |
=p |
=p |
=p |
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=p |
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=p |
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=p |
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K |
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=p |
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' |
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Djhf_ kb]gZeh\ |
gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ hl Z[hg_glkdh]h mkljhckl\Z :M d :LK |
ihklmiZxl kb]gZeu |
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oZjZdl_jbklbdb dhlhjuo ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e <k_ wlb kb]gZeu y\eyxlky hkgh\gufb l _ h[_ki_qb\Zxl |
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\aZbfh^_ckl\b_ :M k :LK |
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LZ[ebpZ OZjZdl_jbklbdb hkgh\guo kb]gZeh\ ihklmiZxsbo hl :M d :LK |
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GZbf_gh\Zgb_ kb]gZeZ |
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OZjZdl_jbklbdZ kb]gZeZ |
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<uah\ klZgpbb ih^gylb_ |
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G_ij_ju\gh_ aZfudZgb_ re_cnZ Z[hg_glkdhc ebgbb :E gZ \j_fy fk |
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ljm[db ijb bkoh^ys_f \uah\_ |
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Hl\_l ih^gylb_ ljm[db ijb |
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AZfudZgb_ re_cnZ :E gZ \j_fy fk |
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\oh^ys_f \uah\_ |
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Hl[hc |
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JZafudZgb_ re_cnZ :E gZ \j_fy fk gZ \j_fy fk _keb |
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bkihevam_lky ^hihegbl_evguc kb]gZe ghjfbjh\Zgguc jZaju\ re_cnZ 5 |
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GZ g_dhlhjuo aZjm[_`guo L: fh`gh m\b^_lv dghidm 5 WlZ dghidZ ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey aZdZaZ |
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^hihegbl_evguo mkem] \ W:LK b nhjfbjm_l jZafudZgb_ re_cnZ Z[hg_glkdhc ebgbb gZ \j_fy “fk |
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:[hg_glu k :LK ihemqZxl ke_^mxsb_ \b^u kb]gZeh\ |
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N |
hl\_l klZgpbb g_ij_ju\guc ]m^hd dhlhjuc keurbl Z[hg_gl ihke_ kgylby l_e_nhgghc ljm[db |
||||||||||||||||||||||
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N |
ihkuedZ \uah\Z |
kb]gZe \uah\Z Z[hg_glZ |
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N |
dhgljhev ihkuedb \uah\Z kb]gZe ij_^gZagZq_gguc ^ey bgnhjfbjh\Zgby Z[hg_glZ |
h ihkued_ |
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\uah\Z |
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N |
aZgylh ihklmiZ_l ijb aZgylhklb Z[hg_glkdhc ebgbb \uau\Z_fh]h Z[hg_glZ |
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|||||||||||||||||
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N |
aZgylh b i_j_]jmadZ |
ihklmiZ_l |
ijb aZgylhklb kh_^bgbl_evguo |
f_`klZgpbhgguo ebgbc beb |
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dhffmlZpbhggh]h h[hjm^h\Zgby |
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OZjZdl_jbklbdb wlbo kb]gZeh\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e |
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>ebl_evghklv k |
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GZbf_gh\Zgb_ kb]gZeZ |
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Mjh\_gv beb gZijy`_gb_ |
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QZklhlZ =p |
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Bfimevk |
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IZmaZ |
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Hl\_l klZgpbb |
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G_ij_ju\gZy i_j_^ZqZ |
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hl ^h ^; |
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“ |
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IhkuedZ \uah\Z |
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“ beb“ |
“ beb “ |
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Dhgljhev ihkuedb \uah\Z |
“ beb“ |
“ beb“ |
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hl ^h ^; |
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“ |
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AZgylh |
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hl ^h |
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hl ^h |
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hl ^h ^; |
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“ |
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AZgylh i_j_]jmadZ |
hl ^h |
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hl ^h |
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hl ^h ^; |
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“ |
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< nZa_ bkoh^gh_ khklhygb_ \oh^gh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ Z[hg_glkdh]h mkljhckl\Z kb]gZem \uau\gh]h lhdZ |
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^he`gh [ulv g_ f_g__ dHf gZ qZklhl_ =p ghfbgZevgZy qZklhlZ ihkuedb \uah\Z |
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Djhf_ hkgh\guo kb]gZeh\ \ :LK ijbf_gyxlky lZd`_ ke_^mxsb_ ^hihegbl_evgu_ kb]gZeu |
|
|||||||||
N |
mdZaZl_evguc mdZau\Z_l gZ g_\hafh`ghklv mklZgh\e_gby kh_^bg_gby beb ij_^hklZ\e_gby mkem]b |
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i_j_^Z_lky lZd`_ i_j_^ f_oZgbq_kdbf ]hehkhf |
|
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|||
N |
ij_^mij_`^_gb_ ij_^mij_`^_gb_ h aZibkb gZ fZ]gblhnhg |
|
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|
|||||
N |
\f_rZl_evkl\h bgnhjfZpby h ih^dexq_gbb hi_jZlhjZ beb lj_lv_]h Z[hg_glZ |
|
|||||||||
N |
m\_^hfe_gb_ bgnhjfZpby h ihklmie_gbb gh\h]h \uah\Z |
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|||
N |
ij_^mij_`^_gb_ h[ hdhgqZgbb hieZq_ggh]h bgl_j\ZeZ \j_f_gb ihklmiZ_l \ lZdkhnhg aZ k ^h |
||||||||||
|
hdhgqZgby hieZq_ggh]h bgl_j\ZeZ \j_f_gb |
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|||
N |
g_iheguc khklZ\ mqZklgbdh\ beb hldexq_gb_ mqZklgbdZ bkihevam_lky ijb ijh\_^_gbb dhgn_j_gp |
||||||||||
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k\yab |
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OZjZdl_jbklbdb wlbo kb]gZeh\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e |
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>ebl_evghklv k |
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Mjh\_gv beb |
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QZklhlZ |
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GZbf_gh\Zgb_ kb]gZeZ |
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Bfimevk |
IZmaZ |
|
gZijy`_gb_ |
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=P |
|
MdZaZl_evguc qZklhlu q_j_^mxlky \ mdZaZgghf |
“ |
“ |
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^; |
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ihjy^d_ |
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“ |
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^; |
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“ |
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^; |
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Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ |
“ |
“ |
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^; |
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<f_rZl_evkl\h |
“ |
“ |
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^; |
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iZmau q_j_^mxlky \ mdZaZgghf ihjy^d_ |
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“ |
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M\_^hfe_gb_ |
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“ |
“ |
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>; |
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“ |
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Ij_^mij_`^_gb_ h[ hdhgqZgbb hieZq_ggh]h |
“ |
“ |
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>; |
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“ |
|||||
bgl_j\ZeZ \j_f_gb |
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|||
G_iheguc khklZ\ mqZklgbdh\ beb hldexq_gb_ |
hl ^h |
IhkueZ_lky |
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^; |
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“ |
|||||
mqZklgbdZ |
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h^bghqguc |
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bfimevk |
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|||
KI:J?GGH? <DEXQ?GB? L?E?NHGGUO :II:J:LH< |
|
||||||||||
|
<dexq_gb_ ^\mo Z[hg_glh\ k jZagufb |
Z[hg_glkdbfb |
ghf_jZfb d h^ghc ebgbb :LK |
gZau\Zxl |
|||||||
kiZj_gguf \dexq_gb_f L: DZd ijZ\beh ghf_jZ Z[hg_glh\ hlebqZxlky lhevdh ihke_^g_c pbnjhc ghf_jZ |
|||||||||||
Hkh[_gghklv lZdh]h \dexq_gby khklhbl \ lhf qlh ijb jZa]h\hj_ h^gh]h ba Z[hg_glh\ ZiiZjZl ^jm]h]h Z[hg_glZ |
|||||||||||
Z\lhfZlbq_kdb hldexqZ_lky <uah\ kh klhjhgu :LK ihklmiZ_l lhevdh gZ lhl ZiiZjZl ghf_j dhlhjh]h [ue |
|||||||||||
gZ[jZg |
>ey kiZj_ggh]h \dexq_gby L: gZ :LK ijbf_gyxlky klZgpbhggu_ mkljhckl\Z kiZjb\Zgby l_e_nhgh\ Z |
||||||||||
m Z[hg_glh\ mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky ijbklZ\db ^bh^gh]h jZa^_e_gby p_i_c dhlhju_ mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky \f_klh jha_lhd |
|||||||||||
|
Ijbgpbi jZ[hlu ZiiZjZlmju kiZj_ggh]h \dexq_gby L: ihdZaZg gZ jbk KlZgpbhggh_ mkljhckl\h |
||||||||||
kiZjb\Zgby l_e_nhgh\ ijhba\h^bl ihklhygguc hijhk Z[hg_glh\ iml_f baf_g_gby iheyjghklb ebgbb k qZklhlhc |
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O =p l _ \j_fy hijhkZ dZ`^h]h L: khklZ\ey_l O k JZ[hlZ ijbklZ\db ^bh^gh]h jZa^_e_gby |
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hkgh\ZgZ gZ h[_ki_q_gbb iblZgb_f L: aZgy\r_]h Z[hg_glkdmx ebgbx b [ehdbjh\Zgb_f p_ib iblZgby ^jm]h]h |
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L: iZjZe_evgh \dexq_ggh]h q_j_a [ehdbjZlhj |
Wlh ^hklb]Z_lky \dexq_gb_f |
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[ehdbjh\hqguo ^bh^h\ lZd qlh[u ^bh^u h^gh]h L: [ueb gZijZ\e_gu gZ\klj_qm ^bh^Zf ^jm]h]h ZiiZjZlZ |
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Ihwlhfm gZijy`_gb_ ih^Zzlky gZ dZ`^uc ZiiZjZl ih hq_j_^b :[hg_gl dhlhjuc i_j\uf kgbf_l ljm[dm |
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aZgbfZ_l ebgbx Ijb wlhf |
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gZ :LK klZgpbhggh_ |
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Kb]gZeu i_j_f_ggh]h lhdZ jZa]h\hjgh]h beb \uau\gh]h ijhimkdZxlky ^bh^Zfb lhevdh lh]h ba ^\mo |
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L: k dhlhjh]h ihklmiZ_l beb d dhlhjhfm gZijZ\ey_lky \uah\ Wlbf h[_ki_qb\Z_lky ba[bjZl_evghklv \uah\Z b |
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Ijb ihkued_ \uah\Z Z[hg_glm k :LK \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl iheyjghklb gZ ijh\h^Zo h[s_c Z[hg_glkdhc |
hldju\Zxlky ^bh^u \ h^ghf ba ZiiZjZlh\ b jZ[hlZ_l a\hghd ^Zggh]h ZiiZjZlZ >ey jZajy^Z dhg^_gkZlhjZ \ |
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p_ib a\hgdZ dhg^_gkZlhj g_ fh`_l jZajy^blky q_j_a klZgpbhggu_ mkljhckl\Z :LK ba aZ \dexq_gguo ^bh^h\ |
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ijbklZ\db ^bh^gh]h jZa^_e_gby |
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kgZ[`_gu jZajy^ghc p_ivx |
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jZa^_e_gby p_i_c LbjZljhg |
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9/ \ ijbklZ\d_ :I jbk |
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Z \uihegy_l nmgdpbx |
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ihjh]h\h]h we_f_glZ j_`bf |
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jZ[hlu dhlhjh]h |
hij_^_ey_lky |
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j_abklhjZfb 5 |
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ijbklZ\d_ I>L jbk |
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ljZgabklhj |
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aZdhjhq_ggufb |
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j_`bf_ eZ\bggh]h ijh[hy Ijb |
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mdZaZgghf |
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\dexq_gbb hg h[_ki_qb\Z_l |
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gZijy`_gb_ ijh[hy O < < |
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dZq_kl\_ ihjh]h\h]h we_f_glZ \ |
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ijbklZ\d_ I>L jbk \ |
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bkihevah\Zg |
ljZgabklhj |
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97 97 kh_^bgzggu_ |
ih |
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ko_f_ khklZ\gh]h ljZgabklhjZ LjZgabklhju DL ;F ^ey ijbklZ\db I>L ^he`gu hl[jZdh\u\Zlvky ih |
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klZlbq_kdhfm dhwnnbpb_glm i_j_^Zqb lhdZ g_ f_g__ |
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Ijbf_g_gb_ [ehdbjZlhjh\ [ueh \ua\Zgh g_o\Zldhc Z[hg_glkdbo ebgbc b iha\heyeh ih^dexqblv d :LK |
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^hihegbl_evgu_ ghf_jZ < gZklhys__ \j_fy ijbf_g_gb_ [ehdbjZlhjh\ g_ j_dhf_g^m_lky ba aZ mkeh`g_gby |
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ZiiZjZlmju :LK b ijbkmsbo bf g_^hklZldh\ |
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N |
hlkmlkl\m_l \hafh`ghklv k\yab f_`^m kiZj_ggufb l_e_nhgZfb |
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N |
g_\hafh`ghklv ihevah\Zlvky l_e_nhgghc k\yavx ijb aZgylhklb ebgbb ^jm]bf Z[hg_glhf |
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N |
lZd dZd ijb aZgylbb ebgbb Z[hg_glhf kiZj_ggh]h L: gZijy`_gb_ gZ de_ffZo ih^dexq_gby ^jm]h]h |
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ZiiZjZlZ ijhiZ^Z_l lh \ l_o dghihqguo L: ]^_ hlkmlkl\m_l ^hihegbl_evgh_ iblZgb_ fbdjhko_fu |
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ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_ey \hafh`gZ ihl_jy ghf_jh\ gZoh^ysboky \ HAM fbdjhko_fu |
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N |
ihkdhevdm \ kiZj_gguo l_e_nhgZo bkihevam_lky ihgb`_gguc mjh\_gv \uau\gh]h kb]gZeZ lh \uau\gu_ |
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mkljhckl\Z g_dhlhjuo aZjm[_`guo |
L: \ dhlhjuo ko_fZ jZkkqblZgZ gZ ghfbgZevgh_ |
gZijy`_gb_ |
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\uau\gh]h kb]gZeZ ijb kiZj_gghf \dexq_gbb L: fh]ml g_ jZ[hlZlv DZd wlh mkljZgblv hibkZgh \ |
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]eZ\_ |
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N |
\ l_o L: \ dhlhjuo ijbf_gy_lky `b^dhdjbklZeebq_kdbc bg^bdZlhj b hkms_kl\ey_lky _]h iblZgb_ hl |
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ebgbb yjdhklv bg^bdZlhjZ baf_gy_lky k qZklhlhc i_j_dexq_gby [ehdbjZlhjZ |
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||||
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N |
_keb ihf_gylv f_klZfb de_ffu ih^dexq_gby d ebgbb ijbklZ\db ^bh^gh]h jZa^_e_gby p_i_c lh fh`gh |
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|
ih^dexqblvky iZjZee_evgh l_e_nhgm ^jm]h]h Z[hg_glZ |
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|||
|
L?OGBQ?KDB? O:J:DL?JBKLBDB B |
IJBGPBI |
J:;HLU |
|||||||||
:II:J:LMJU :HG |
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:iiZjZlmjZ :HG ij_^gZagZq_gZ ^ey Z\lhfZlbq_kdh]h hij_^_e_gby ghf_jZ l_e_nhgZ \uau\Zxs_]h |
||||||||||
Z[hg_glZ K\_^_gby h ghf_j_ l_e_nhgZ \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ g_h[oh^bfu ^ey \uibkdb kqzlZ gZ hieZlm |
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f_`^m]hjh^gh]h jZa]h\hjZ :iiZjZlmjZ :HG djhf_ Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc \u^Zqb ghf_jZ \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ |
||||||||||||
iha\hey_l hkms_kl\blv \u^Zqm ghf_jZ dZl_]hjbb ijbk\h_ggh]h lhfm beb bghfm Z[hg_glm |
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Kms_kl\m_l ^_kylv \b^h\ dZl_]hjbc |
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DZl_]hjby |
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OZjZdl_jbklbdZ |
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:[hg_glu d\Zjlbjgu_ mqj_`^_gq_kdb_ bf_xsb_ ijZ\h f_`^m]hjh^ghc b f_`^mgZjh^ghc k\yab |
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:[hg_glu ]hklbgbp bf_xsb_ ijZ\h gZ l_ `_ \b^u k\yab wlZ dZl_]hjby Z[hg_glh\ \u^_e_gZ |
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ihkdhevdm \ wlhf kemqZ_ kqzl ^he`_g [ulv \ukeZg g_f_^e_ggh |
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:[hg_glu g_ bf_xsb_ ijZ\Z |
\uoh^Z gZ f_`^m]hjh^gu_ b |
f_`^mgZjh^gu_ k_lb gZijbf_j |
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h[s_`blby |
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:[hg_glu bf_xsb_ ij_bfms_kl\h ijb mklZgh\e_gbb k\yab ijbhjbl_l |
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:[hg_glu bf_xsb_ ijZ\h k\yab [_a lZjbnbdZpbb |
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DZl_]hjby f_`^m]hjh^guo l_e_nhgh\ Z\lhfZlh\ |
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:[hg_glu bf_xsb_ ijZ\h djhf_ k\yab k f_`^m]hjh^gufb b f_`^mgZjh^gufb k_lyfb ihemqZlv |
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^hihegbl_evgu_ ieZlgu_ mkem]b |
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:[hg_glu bf_xsb_ ij_bfms_kl\h ijb mklZgh\e_gbb k\yab \ f_`^m]hjh^guo k_lyo b ijZ\h gZ |
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ieZlgu_ mkem]b |
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DZl_]hjby ]hjh^kdbo l_e_nhgh\ Z\lhfZlh\ |
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J_a_j\ |
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<u^ZqZ ghf_jZ b |
dZl_]hjbb l_e_nhgZ \uau\Zxs_]h |
Z[hg_glZ hkms_kl\ey_lky fgh]hqZklhlguf |
|||||
[_kiZmaguf kihkh[hf ^\Z ba r_klb >ey wlhc p_eb bkihevamxlky qZklhlu b |
||||||||
=p >_ckl\mxs__ agZq_gb_ kb]gZeZ < <k_]h ijbf_gy_lky dhf[bgZpbc qZklhl |
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|||||||
|
Dh^ ^\Z ba r_klb ^ey :HG ijb\_^zg \ lZ[e |
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|
AgZq_gb_ dh^h\hc dhf[bgZpbb Dhf[bgZpby i_j_^Z\Z_fuo qZklhl =p |
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GZqZeh |
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Ih\lhj |
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GZqZeh h[hagZqZ_l gZqZeh beb hdhgqZgb_ iZd_lZ ^\moqZklhlguo ihkuehd |
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||||||
|
Ih\lhj ijbf_gy_lky \ kemqZ_ dh]^Z \ ghf_j_ \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ ih^jy^ ke_^mxl H^bgZdh\u_ |
|||||||
pbnju Ijb [_kiZmaghf kihkh[_ i_j_^Zqb bgnhjfZpbb hlebqblv lZdb_ dhf[bgZpbb ^jm] hl ^jm]Z g_\hafh`gh |
||||||||
>ebl_evghklv dZ`^hc ^\moqZklhlghc ihkuedb “ fk BgnhjfZpby h dZl_]hjbb b ghf_j_ \uau\Zxs_]h |
||||||||
Z[hg_glZ kh^_j`bl ^\moqZklhlguo ihkuehd |
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|
||||||
|
Ihjy^hd \u^Zqb pbnj ghf_jZ \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ i_j_^Zxsbf mkljhckl\hf :HG b ijbf_j ghf_jZ |
|||||||
dZl_]hjbb ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e |
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|
||||||
|
‹ |
|
Ihjy^hd \u^Zqb pbnj ghf_jZ i_j_^Zxsbf |
Ijbf_j |
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|||
|
i i |
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|
|
mkljhckl\hf :HG |
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|
dZl_]hjby b ghf_j qZklhlguc dh^ |
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|
GZqZeh |
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||
|
PbnjZ dZl_]hjbb |
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||||
|
PbnjZ _^bgbp ghf_jZ |
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|
PbnjZ ^_kyldh\ ghf_jZ |
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|
PbnjZ khl_g ghf_jZ |
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|
PbnjZ lukyq ghf_jZ |
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|||||
|
Lj_lvy pbnjZ bg^_dkZ klZgpbb |
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|||||
|
<lhjZy pbnjZ bg^_dkZ klZgpbb |
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|||||
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|
I_j\Zy pbnjZ bg^_dkZ klZgpbb |
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|
||||
|
|
GZqZeh |
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||
:iiZjZlmjZ :HG khklhbl ba i_j_^Zxsbo b ijbzfguo mkljhckl\ I_j_^Zxsb_ mkljhckl\Z mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky gZ |
||||||||
jZchgguo |
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|
:LK |
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ijbzfgu_ |
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gZ |
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Z\lhfZlbq_kdhc |
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|||
f_`^m]hjh^ghc |
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|||
klZgpbb |
|
:FLK |
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Ijbzfguf |
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||
mkljhckl\hf |
lZd`_ |
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|||
fh`_l kem`blv |
L: |
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|||
f_klghc k\yab k :HG |
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||||
KljmdlmjgZy |
ko_fZ |
Ih^dexq_gb_ ZiiZjZlmju :HG d :LK |
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||||
\dexq_gby |
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||
ZiiZjZlmju :HG \ |
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||||
:LK ijb\_^_gZ gZ jbk |
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||||
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|
Ihke_ gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ \uau\Z_fh]h Z[hg_glZ b aZgylby ijbzfgh]h mkljhckl\Z gZ :FLK beb hl\_lZ L: |
|||||||
f_klghc k\yab kjZ[Zlu\Z_l j_e_ hij_^_e_gby ghf_jZ D gZ \j_fy fk Ijb wlhf aZfudZ_lky dhglZdl D b |
||||||||
ih^dexqZ_lky i_j_^Zxs__ mkljhckl\h :HG :[hg_glkdZy ebgby hldexqZ_lky dhglZdlZfb D b D Wlh |
||||||||
g_h[oh^bfh ^ey lh]h qlh[u kb]gZeu ihy\eyxsb_ky gZ \uoh^_ fbdjhnhgZ \ l_e_nhg_ \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ |
||||||||
g_ \ebyeb gZ i_j_^Zqm bgnhjfZpbb ?keb aZ wlh \j_fy fk ih kh_^bgbl_evghc ebgbb hl ijb_fgh]h |
||||||||
mkljhckl\Z ihklmibl kbgmkhb^Zevguc kb]gZe aZijhkZ qZklhlhc =p “k mjh\g_f ^; b ^ebl_evghklvx |
||||||||
fk lh ko_fZ h[s_klZi]p\ghc \u^_j`db \j_f_gb ijh^e_\Z_l \j_fy m^_j`Zgby j_e_ D _sz gZ fk ^ey |
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i_j_^Zqb bgnhjfZpbb h dZl_]hjbb b ghf_j_ l_e_nhgZ \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ |
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I_j_f_gguc lhd kb]gZeZ aZijhkZ bg^mdlbjm_lky \ h[fhldm,,, ljZgknhjfZlhjZ L b q_j_a Z[hg_glkdbc |
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bgnhjfZpbb |
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Ihke_ ihemq_gby k\_^_gbc h ghf_j_ b dZl_]hjbb \uau\Zxs_]h Z[hg_glZ gZ :FLK gZqbgZ_lky mklZgh\e_gb_ |
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kh_^bg_gby d Z[hg_glm ^jm]h]h ]hjh^Z |
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>ey ih\ur_gby gZ^z`ghklb hij_^_e_gby ghf_jZ b dZl_]hjbb l_e_nhgZ \uau\Zxs_]h |
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kbkl_f_ :HG ijbgyl ljzodjZlguc aZimkd i_j_^Zxsbo mkljhckl\ LZd _keb ijb i_j\hf aZimkd_ :HG \Z |
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ijbzfghf dhgp_ ghf_j g_ hij_^_ebeky ih dZdbf eb[h ijbqbgZf bgnhjfZpby :HG g_ [ueZ ijbgylZ lh |
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ijbzfgu_ mkljhckl\Z djZldh\j_f_ggh hk\h[h`^Zxlky [_a gZjmr_gby kh_^bg_gby b \gh\v ihkueZxl kb]gZe |
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aZijhkZ ^ey aZimkdZ i_j_^Zxsbo mkljhckl\ ?keb b ijb wlhf bgnhjfZpby g_ [m^_l ijbgylZ lh nhjfbjm_lky |
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lj_lbc kb]gZe aZijhkZ < kemqZ_ hlkmlkl\by hij_^_e_gby ghf_jZ b ihke_ lj_lv_]h aZimkdZ \uoh^ gZ :FLK |
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ij_ju\Z_lky |
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I_j_^Zxs__ mkljhckl\h :HG [m^_l jZ[hlZlv ZgZeh]bqgh _keb kb]gZe aZijhkZ [m^_l i_j_^Z\Zlvky g_ k |
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ijbzfgh]h mkljhckl\Z :FLK Z k f_klgh]h l_e_nhgZ k :HG |
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DE:KKBNBD:PBY L?E?NHGGUO :II:J:LH< B |
BO HKGH<GU? |
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I:J:F?LJU |
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< aZ\bkbfhklb hl dhgkljmdlb\gh]h bkiheg_gby b \uihegy_fuo nmgdpbc =HKL l_e_nhggu_ |
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ZiiZjZlu ih^jZa^_eyxlky gZ q_luj_ deZkkZ keh`ghklb lZ[e |
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LZ[e DeZkku keh`ghklb l_e_nhgguo ZiiZjZlh\ |
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L: k dghihqguf ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_e_f lhgZevguf ijbzfgbdhf \uah\Z g_ m]hevguf |
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L: k ^bkdh\uf ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_e_f we_dljhf_oZgbq_kdbf ijbzfgbdhf \uah\Z |
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IZjZf_lju oZjZdl_jbamxsb_ dZq_kl\h l_e_nhgguo ZiiZjZlh\ fh`gh jZa^_eblv gZ we_dljbq_kdb_ |
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l_e_nhghf_ljbq_kdb_ we_dljhZdmklbq_kdb_ b \j_f_ggu_ |
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Hkgh\gu_ we_dljbq_kdb_ iZjZf_lju L: jZaebqguo deZkkh\ ijb\_^_gu \ lZ[e |
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<j_f_ggu_ iZjZf_lju gZ[hjZ ^ey L: k bfimevkguf kihkh[hf i_j_^Zqb kb]gZeh\ gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ ijb\_^_gu |
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L_e_nhbhf_ljbq_kdb_ b we_dljhZdmklbq_kdb_ iZjZf_lju |
oZjZdl_jbamxl |
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dZq_kl\h l_e_nhgghc |
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i_j_^Zqb ih ]jhfdhklb >ey bo hp_gdb bkihevam_lky wd\b\Ze_gl aZlmoZgby i_j_^Zqb ijbzfZ b f_klgh]h |
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wnn_dlZ Z lZd`_ dhwnnbpb_gl ]Zjfhgbd gZ i_j_^Zqm b gZ ijbzf Ihkdhevdm ^ey baf_j_gby b h[t_dlb\ghc |
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hp_gdb wlbo iZjZf_ljh\ lj_[m_lky ki_pbZevgh_ h[hjm^h\Zgb_ bf_xs__ky ebrv |
\ ki_pbZebabjh\Zgguo |
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eZ[hjZlhjbyo wlb ^Zggu_ \ gZklhys_f ba^Zgbb g_ ijb\h^ylky |
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LZ[e Hkgh\gu_ we_dljbq_kdb_ iZjZf_lju L: |
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GhjfZ ih deZkkZf keh`ghklb |
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IZjZf_lj |
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GZijy`_gb_ kh[kl\_ggh]h rmfZ f< g_ [he__ |
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Fh^mev \oh^gh]h we_dljbq_kdh]h khijhlb\e_gby \ j_`bf_ |
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N |
jZa]h\hjghf Hf |
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O |
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N |
h`b^Zgby \uah\Z dHf g_ f_g__ |
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N |
\uah\Z dHf g_ f_g__ |
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We_dljbq_kdh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ ihklhygghfm lhdm Hf \ jZa]h\hjghf j_`bf_ |
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ijb lhd_ f: \ iheh`_gbb fbdjhl_e_nhgghc ljm[db |
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N |
\_jlbdZevghf |
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]hjbahglZevghf |
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We_dljbq_kdh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ ihklhygghfm lhdm \ j_`bf_ gZ[hjZ |
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ghf_jZ ^ey L: k bfimevkguf kihkh[hf i_j_^Zqb gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ ijb |
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lhd_ iblZgby f: |
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N |
ijb aZfudZgbb re_cnZ Hf g_ [he__ |
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N |
ijb jZafudZgbb re_cnZ dHf g_ f_g__ |
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Ihklhygguc lhd ihlj_[ey_fuc L: \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby \uah\Z b hl[hy f: |
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g_ [he__ |
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I_j_f_gguc lhd ihlj_[ey_fuc ijbzfgbdhf \uau\gh]h kb]gZeZ |
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ijb fZdkbfZevghc ]jhfdhklb \uau\gh]h kb]gZeZ F: g_ [he__ |
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<j_fy jZaju\Z re_cnZ ^ey L: kh^_j`Zsbo mkljhckl\h ghjfbjh\Zggh]h |
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jZaju\Z re_cnZ fk |
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AgZqghklv ijh]jZffbjm_fh]h gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ g_ f_g__ |
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We_dljbq_kdh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ ihklhygghfm lhdm Hf \ jZa]h\hjghf j_`bf_ |
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ijb lhd_ f: \ iheh`_gbb fbdjhl_e_nhgghc ljm[db |
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N |
\_jlbdZevghf |
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N |
]hjbahglZevghf |
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O |
O |
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We_dljbq_kdh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ ihklhygghfm lhdm \ j_`bf_ gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ ^ey |
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L: k bfimevkguf kihkh[hf i_j_^Zqb gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ ijb lhd_ iblZgby f: |
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N |
ijb aZfudZgbb re_cnZ Hf g_ [he__ |
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N |
ijb jZafudZgbb re_cnZ DHf g_ f_g__ |
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Ihklhygguc lhd ihlj_[ey_fuc L: \ j_`bfZo h`b^Zgby \uah\Z b hl[hy f: |
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g_ [he__ |
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I_j_f_gguc lhd ihlj_[ey_fuc ijbzfgbdhf \uau\gh]h kb]gZeZ |
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ijb fZdkbfZevghc ]jhfdhklb \uau\gh]h kb]gZeZ f: g_ [he__ |
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<j_fy jZaju\Z re_cnZ ^ey L: kh^_j`Zsbo mkljhckl\h ghjfbjh\Zggh]h |
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jZaju\Z re_cnZ Fk |
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AgZqghklv ijh]jZffbjm_fh]h gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ g_ f_g__ |
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LZ[e <j_f_ggu_ iZjZf_lju gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ ^ey L: k bfimevkguf kihkh[hf i_j_^Zqb kb]gZeh\ gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ |
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GhjfZ ih deZkkZf keh`ghklb |
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I_jbh^ bfimevkZ \ k_jbb L fk |
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Bfimevkguc dhwnnbpb_gl |
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IZmaZ f_`^m ^\mfy k_jbyfb bfimevkh\ k g_ f_g__ |
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LO L |
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LO L |
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Ijh]jZffbjm_fZy iZmaZ f_`^m ^\mfy k_jbyfb bfimevkh\ k g_ f_g__ |
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IJBGPBIU IHKLJH?GBY DGHIHQGUO L?E?NHGGUO |
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dghihqguo L: nmgdpbx f_oZgbq_kdbo dhglZdlh\ |
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ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_ey \uihegyxl we_dljhggu_ dexqb Bo ih^dexq_gb_ |
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g_kdhevdh hlebqZ_lky hl ijbgylh]h \ ^bkdh\hf ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_e_ |
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dghihqgh]h L: hl_q_kl\_ggh]h ijhba\h^kl\Z jbk |
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hdhgqZgby gZ[hjZ JD hldexqZ_l jZa]h\hjgmx qZklv H^gh\j_f_ggh |
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BD aZfudZ_l ebgbx gZdhjhldh b jZafudZ_l __ dhebq_kl\h |
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Ih\ur_ggh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ BD \ aZfdgmlhf khklhygbb fh`_l bgh]^Z ijb\h^blv d k[hyf \ jZ[hl_ b |
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g_ijZ\bevghfm kh_^bg_gbx ijb bkihevah\Zgbb L: gZ ebgbyo k\yab hl_q_kl\_gguo :LK |
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LZdbf h[jZahf hlebqb_ \k_o \ZjbZglh\ aZdexqZ_lky ebrv |
\ jZaebqbb |
ko_fhl_ogbdb GG mijZ\eyxsbo |
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jZ[hlhc BD B \ hkh[_gghklyo dhffmlZpbb ebgbb :LK |
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KLJMDLMJGU? |
KO?FU |
DGHIHQGUO |
L?E?NHGGUO |
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:II:J:LH< |
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Kljmdlmjgu_ ko_fu dghihqguo l_e_nhgguo ZiiZjZlh\ ijb\_^_gu gZ jbk O <k_f bf |
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ijbkmsb ke_^mxsb_ hkgh\gu_ maeu |
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N |
\uau\gh_ mkljhckl\h <M ij_^gZagZq_gh ^ey ijb_fZ kb]gZeZ bg^mdlhjZ \uah\Z Z[hg_glZ :LK b |
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ij_h[jZah\Zgby _]h \ a\mdh\u_ dhe_[Zgby |
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N |
^bh^guc fhkl bkdexqZ_l \ebygb_ iheyjghklb gZijy`_gby ebgbb gZ iheyjghklv \dexq_gby L: |
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N |
ko_fZ hl[hc hkms_kl\ey_l gZqZevgmx mklZgh\dm BK WGG |
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N |
fbdjhi_j_dexqZl_ev hldexqZ_l iblZgb_ ko_fu L: ijb meh`_gghc gZ juqZ] ljm[d_ |
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N |
\j_fyaZ^Zxsb_ we_f_glu ]_g_jZlhjZ hij_^_eyxl qZklhlm \gmlj_gg_]h lZdlh\h]h ]_g_jZlhjZ hl |
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dhlhjhc aZ\bkyl \k_ \j_f_ggu_ iZjZf_lju kb]gZeh\ \ujZ[Zlu\Z_fuo BK WGG qZklhlZ gZ[hjZ |
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^ebl_evghklv bfimevkh\ b f_`k_jbcghc iZmau b l i |
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N |
ko_fZ |
iblZgby fbdjhko_fu GG |
h[_ki_qb\Z_l |
iblZgb_ fbdjhko_fu \h |
\j_fy gZ[hjZ |
ghf_jZ b |
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ih^^_j`dm iblZgby HAM ijb meh`_gghc gZ juqZ] ljm[db |
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N |
fbdjhko_fZ ghf_jhgZ[bjZl_ey |
BK GG ba]hlZ\eb\Z_lky ih DFHI l_ogheh]bb b |
\uihegy_l |
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ke_^mxsb_ nmgdpbb |
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4 |
hijhkZ deZ\bZlmju |
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4 |
nhjfbjh\Zgby kb]gZeh\ gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ mijZ\eyxsbo jZ[hlhc bfimevkgh]h dexqZ |
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4 |
nhjfbjh\Zgby kb]gZeZ hldexq_gby jZa]h\hjghc qZklb \h \j_fy gZ[hjZ ghf_jZ mijZ\eyxs_]h |
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jZ[hlhc jZa]h\hjgh]h dexqZ |
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4 |
aZihfbgZgby ihke_^g_]h beb g_kdhevdbo gZ[bjZ_fuo ghf_jh\ |
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4 |
bfimevkguc dexq nhjfbjm_l bfimevku gZ[hjZ \ ebgbx |
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N |
5+ |
j_abklhj gZ]jmadb ebgbb bkdexqZxsbc |
__ aZfudZgb_ gZdhjhldh |
\h \j_fy nhjfbjh\Zgby |
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bfimevkh\ gZ[hjZ |
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N |
l_e_nhgguc mkbebl_ev mkbeb\Z_l j_q_\hc kb]gZe ^h mjh\gy ghjfZevghc keurbfhklb b kh]eZkm_l |
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khijhlb\e_gb_ ebgbb k khijhlb\e_gb_f a\mdhbaem qZxs_]h we_f_glZ |
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N |
fbdjhnhgguc mkbebl_ev mkbeb\Z_l kb]gZe fbdjhnhgZ < ko_f_ jbk kb]gZe fbdjhnhgZ q_j_a |
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jZa^_ebl_evguc dhg^_gkZlhj K ih^Z_lky gZ \oh^ BD jZ[hlZxs_]h \h \j_fy jZa]h\hjZ \ j_`bf_ |
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mkbebl_ey lhdZijhlb\hf_klgZy ko_fZ mkljZgy_l |
f_klguc |
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wnn_dl l _ |
\hafh`ghklv ijhkemrb\Zgby \ l_e_nhg_ ljm[db |
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kh[kl\_ggh]h ]hehkZ |
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N |
jZa]h\hjguc |
dexq hldexqZ_l jZa]h\hjgmx qZklv |
gZ \j_fy |
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ijhoh`^_gby bfimevkh\ gZ[hjZ qlh mkljZgy_l g_ijbylgu_ |
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s_eqdb \ l_e_nhg_ ljm[db |
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N |
deZ\bZlmjZ |
\uihegy_l nmgdpbx ^ZlqbdZ |
BK |
GG HgZ |
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ihkljh_gZ ih dhhj^bgZlghc ko_f_ jbk ]^_ |
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4 |
; dhhj^bgZlZ \oh^Z |
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4 |
< dhhj^bgZlZ \uoh^Z beb \oh^Z \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl |
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lbiZ BK |
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JZkkfhljbf ijbgpbi jZ[hlu L: ih kljmdlmjguf ko_fZf |
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KljmdlmjgZy ko_fZ ih dhlhjhc kljhylky L: hl_q_kl\_ggh]h ijhba\h^kl\Z |
deZ\bZlmju d BK GG |
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ijb\_^_gZ gZ jbk |
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Ijb kgylbb ljm[db juqZ`guc i_j_dexqZl_ev6% ih^dexqZ_l L: d ebgbb :LK < j_amevlZl_ h[jZah |
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\Zgby ^_ebl_ey kf jbk gZijy`_gb_ gZ ebg_cguo aZ`bfZo kgb`Z_lky ^h \_ebqbgu O < Ijb |
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wlhf ko_fZ hl[hc \ke_^kl\b_ ih^Zqb gZijy`_gby \ ko_fm hkms_kl\ey_l gZqZevgmx mklZgh\dm BK GG |
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j_`bf ]hlh\ghklb d gZ[hjm ghf_jZ |
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< j_`bf_ ]hlh\ghklb d gZ[hjm ghf_jZ BK GG \ujZ[Zlu\Z_l kb]gZeu mijZ\e_gby BD b JD \ke_^kl\b_ |
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dhlhjuo jZa]h\hjguc ma_e khklhysbc ba fbdjhnhggh]h b |
l_e_nhggh]h mkbebl_e_c b ijhlb\hf_klghc |
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ko_fu ihkj_^kl\hf jZa]h\hjgh]h dexqZ ih^dexqZ_lky d |
ebgbb b \ |
ljm[d_ ijhkemrb\Z_lky hl\_l |
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klZgpbb ]m^hd BD gZoh^blky \ jZahfdgmlhf aZdjulhf khklhygbb |
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