- •Contents
- •Preface
- •1. Main dimensions and main ratios
- •1.3 Depth, draught and freeboard
- •1.7 The design equation
- •1.8 References
- •2. Lines design
- •2.1 Statement of the problem
- •2.2 Shape of sectional area curve
- •2.3 Bow and forward section forms
- •2.4 Bulbous bow
- •2.5 Stern forms
- •2.6 Conventional propeller arrangement
- •2.7 Problems of design in broad, shallow-draught ships
- •2.8 Propeller clearances
- •2.9 The conventional method of lines design
- •2.10 Lines design using distortion of existing forms
- •2.12 References
- •3. Optimization in design
- •3.1 Introduction to methodology of optimization
- •3.2 Scope of application in ship design
- •3.3 Economic basics for optimization
- •3.4 Discussion of some important parameters
- •3.5 Special cases of optimization
- •3.6 Developments of the 1980s and 1990s
- •3.7 References
- •4. Some unconventional propulsion arrangements
- •4.1 Rudder propeller
- •4.2 Overlapping propellers
- •4.3 Contra-rotating propellers
- •4.4 Controllable-pitch propellers
- •4.5 Kort nozzles
- •4.6 Further devices to improve propulsion
- •4.7 References
- •5. Computation of weights and centres of mass
- •5.1 Steel weight
- •5.3 Weight of engine plant
- •5.4 Weight margin
- •5.5 References
- •6. Ship propulsion
- •6.1 Interaction between ship and propeller
- •6.2 Power prognosis using the admiralty formula
- •6.3 Ship resistance under trial conditions
- •6.4 Additional resistance under service conditions
- •6.5 References
- •Appendix
- •A.1 Stability regulations
- •References
- •Nomenclature
- •Index
204 Ship Design for Efficiency and Economy
Table 6.17b Sea strengths for North Sea coupled to wind strengths, Henschke (1965)
|
|
|
|
Approximate average |
|
Sea scale |
Bft |
Sea description |
Wave height [m] |
Wavelength [m] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
0 |
Smooth sea |
Ð |
Ð |
|
1 |
1 |
Calm, rippling sea |
0±0.5 |
0±10 |
|
2 |
2±3 |
Gentle sea |
0.5±0.75 |
10±12.5 |
|
3 |
4 |
Light sea |
0.75±1.25 |
12.5±22.5 |
|
4 |
5 |
Moderate sea |
1.25±2.0 |
22.5±37.5 |
|
5 |
6 |
Rough sea |
2.0±3.5 |
37.5±60.0 |
|
6 |
7 |
Very rough sea |
3.5±6.0 |
60.0±105.0 |
|
7 |
8±9 |
High sea |
>6.0 |
>105.0 |
|
8 |
10 |
Very high sea |
up to 20 |
up to 600 |
|
9 |
11±12 |
Extremely heavy sea |
up to 20 |
up to 600 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.5 References
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environments for Nato operation areas. DTNSRDC Report SPD-0919-01
BERGER, G. (1983). Untersuchung der Schiffsrauhigkeit. Rep. 139, Forschungszentrum des Deutschen Schiffbaus, Hamburg
BLENDERMANN, W. (1993). Parameter identification of wind loads on ships. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 51, p. 339
BLENDERMANN, W. 1996. Wind loading of shipsÐCollected data from wind tunnel tests in uniform flow. IfS-Rep. 574, Univ. Hamburg
BRIX, J. (1986). Strahlsteuer. Handbuch der Werften, Vol. XVIII, Hansa, p. 80
COLLATZ, G. (1984). Widerstanderhohung¨ durch Außenhautrauhigkeit. IfS Kontaktstudium, Univ. Hamburg
DANCKWARDT, E. C. M. (1969). Ermittlung des Widerstandes von Frachtschiffen und Hecktrawlern beim Entwurf. Schiffbauforschung, p. 124
GERTLER, M. (1954). A reanalysis of the original test data for the Taylor standard series. DTMB report 806
GRANVILLE, P. S. (1956). The viscous resistance of surface vessles and the skin friction of flat plates. Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, p. 209
GULDHAMMER, H. E. and HARVALD, S. A. (1974). Ship Resistance, Effect of Form and Principal Dimensions. Akademisk Forlag Copenhagen
HELM, G. (1964). Systematische Widerstands-Untersuchungen von Kleinschiffen. Hansa, p. 2179 HELM, G. (1980). Systematische Propulsions-Untersuchungen von Kleinschiffen. Rep. 100,
Forschungszentrum des Deutschen Schiffbaus, Hamburg
HENSCHKE, W. (1965). Schiffbautechnisches Handbuch. 2nd edn, Verlag Technik
HOLLENBACH, K. U. (1997). Beitrag zur Abschatzung¨ von Widerstand und Propulsion von Einund Zweischraubenschiffen im Vorentwurf. IfS-Rep. 588, Univ. Hamburg
HOLLENBACH, K. U. (1998). Estimating resistance and propulsion for single-screw and twin-screw ships. Ship Technology Research 45/2
HOLTROP, J. (1977). A statistical analysis of performance test results. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 23
HOLTROP, J. (1978). Statistical data for the extrapolation of model performance. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 122
HOLTROP, J. (1984). A statistical re-analysis of resistance and propulsion data. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 272
HOLTROP, J. and MENNEN, G. G. (1978). A statistical power prediction method. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 253
HOLTROP, J. and MENNEN, G. G. (1982). An approximate power prediction method. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 166
JENSEN, G. (1994). Moderne Schiffslinien. Handbuch der Werften, Vol. XXII, Hansa, p. 93 KELLER, W. H. auf'm (1973). Extended diagrams for determining the resistance and required power
for single-screw ships. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 253
¨ , . (1976). Widerstand und Propulsion. Handbuch der Werften, Vol. XIII, Hansa, p. 13
KRUGER J
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KRUPPA, C. (1994). Wasserstrahlantriebe. Handbuch der Werften, Vol. XXII, Hansa, p. 111 LACKENBY, H. (1963) The effect of shallow water on ship speed. Shipbuilder and Marine Engine-
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LAP, A. J. W. (1954). Diagrams for determining the resistance of single-screw ships. International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 179
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SCHNEEKLUTH, H. (1988). Hydromechanik zum Schiffsentwurf. Koehler
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¨ , . and , . (1998). Schiffe im Seegang. Handbuch der Werften, Vol. XXIV,
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Hansa
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TOWNSIN, R. L. and KWON, Y. J. (1983). Approximate formulae for the speed loss due to added resistance in wind and waves. Transactions RINA, p. 199
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VOLKER H
WILLIAMS, A. (1969). The SSPA cargo liner series-resistance. SSPA Rep. 66