to be struck (to strike – struck –struck) – быть пораженным; hostel (BE), dormitory (AE) – общежитие;

facility – оборудование, средство, условие;

higher educational establishment – высшее учебное заведение; promoter –распространитель;

branch – 1)филиал, 2) отрасль, 3) ветвь;

to participate (syn. to take part) – принимать участие; scientific research – научно-исследовательская деятельность; to conduct – проводить, осуществлять,

to conduct an experiment – проводить эксперимент, to conduct a lecture – проводить лекцию;

to implement – внедрить;

to meet the requirements – отвечать потребностям.

Exercise 3. Revise the grammar rule.

Passive Voice (Страдательный залог)

To be + III Verb + by …

Present Simple (Indefinite)	The students are examined by the ex-
	amining board
Past Simple	The University was established in
	1929
Future Simple	The concert will be held in October.

Exercise 4. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1 On the 1-st of October 1929 the Rostov Mechanical Institute of Transport Communication Engineers was opened.

2 292 students were accepted to its three departments.

3When transformation into the specialized industrial railway institution was completed it got the name of the Rostov Institute of Railway Transport Engineers.

4 During the years of the Great Patriotic War the Institute was evacuated to Tbilisi. 5 The status of the university was given to it in 1993.

6 In 2009 it was included into the list of 500 best universities of the world.

7Our University is headed by professor Vladimir. I. Kolesnikov, an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

8 Many popular conquests are conducted in the students’ club.

Exercise 5. Find the proper variant.

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№				A	B		C
1	Our University …		in	founded	was founded		was found
	1929.
2	The academic year		…	is divided	divides itself		will be di-
	into two semesters.						vided
3	Every year	a student		was held	are conducted		is held
	scientific	conference
	… in many subjects.
4	The students’ knowl-			were checked	will	be	are checked
	edge … in the Com-				checked
	puter Centre.
5	The students … to 8			are accepted	are received		are taken
	departments.

Exercise 6. Translate into English.

1Первые университеты в Европе были основаны в XI – XII вв.

2 Более ста студентов были приняты на экономические специальности в этом году.

3Студенты проходят тестирование в течение сессии.

4 Новый спортивный комплекс нашего университета был построен в прошлом году.

5 Через два месяца мои друзья будут приглашены на техническую выставку.

6 Эта проблема будет обсуждена на научной конференции.

7На английском языке говорят во многих странах.

8 Юбилей университета отмечался всеми преподавателями, студентами и выпускниками.

9 Знания студентов будут проконтролированы в ходе занятий на тренажерном комплексе.

10 Призы победителям буду вручены на спортивном празднике.

Exercise 7. Using all the information given above, write down a plan with basic words which can help you to tell about any university in Russia. Start like this:

1 It was founded in …

2 It was named (after) …

3 It was renamed in …

4 There were …. departments in it.

Exercise 8. Read the text and render it in English, using your plan.

The first public railway in Russia was constructed in 1838. The engineers were brought to Russia from Western Europe but very soon it became clear that the country needed its own specialists who knew the local working conditions. In

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1842, the construction of an important railway between St. Petersburg and Mos -

cow was started. This work progressed under very hard physical and climatic conditions. But all the engineering problems were successfully solved by the specialists from the Railway Transport Institute (or the Institute of Ways of Communication, as it was called at that time) founded in St. Petersburg in 1809. This institute is the oldest of all the railway transport institutes in our country.

The Petersburg State Railway University is situated at 9, Moskovsky Avenue. It was founded as the Institute of the Corps of Railroad Engineers in 1809. First it was renamed the Institute of Railroad Engineers in 1924. Then it was renamed the Leningrad Institute of Railway Transport Engineers in 1930 and named after Member of the Academy V.N. Obraztsov in 1949. It received its present-day name in 1993.

It was one of the first technical universities in Russia functioning as a private military-type university until 1864, with only one department until 1917. A number of transport institutes were established on the base of its departments in 1929–1931, including for the Leningrad institute of water transport engineers, the Leningrad highway institute, the Leningrad institute of civil air fleet engineers, and the Military transport academy.

Many famous scientists were among the members of the institute: N.A. Belelyubsky, B.E. Vedeneev, Y.M. Gakkel, G.O. Graftio, A.N. Krylov, S.Y. Zhuk, D.I. Zhuravsky, S.V. Kerbedz, P.P. Melnikov, D.I. Mendeleev, V.N. Obraztsov, M.B. Ostrogradsky, G.P. Peredery, and E.O. Paton.

At present there are following departments: mechanics, bridges and tunnels, construction, transportation management, electromechanics, electrical engineering, economics and social management, resident and nonresident (evening) courses, and correspondence studies. The institute has its own museum opened in 1813 and now known as the Museum of Railway Transport. There is also a geological survey base and a Centre of Additional Vocational Education. The only Russian Institute of Industrial and Mining Transport is founded on the base of the University. The university is situated in several buildings: the first one is the former Yusupov Palace built in the mid-18th century and rebuilt by architect G. Quarenghi in 1790, the others are the buildings specially rebuilt for the university by architects A.D. Gotman in 1823 and I.S. Kitner in 1893–95.

Exercise 9. Read the text in Russian and find some new information about the Petersburg State Railway University. Render only the new information in English.

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения (аббревиатура – ПГУПС, бывший Ленинградский институт инженеров железнодорожного транспорта, ЛИИЖТ). Главный корпус расположен по адресу Московский проспект, дом № 9. Учреждён Высочайшим манифестом императора Александра I 20 ноября (2 декабря) 1809 г. как Институт корпуса инженеров

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путей сообщения, торжественно открыт 1 (13) ноября 1810 г. Целью создания института была подготовка специалистов для организации на огромных территориях России разветвлённых систем сухопутных и водных путей сообщения.

Первым ректором (инспектором) Института корпуса инженеров путей сообщения был назначен Августин Августинович Бетанкур (1758–1824), испанец по происхождению, ученый с мировым именем, выдающийся инже- нер-механик, строитель и педагог, который с 1809 г. стал работать в России.

Первоначально институт был открытым высшим учебным заведением с четырехлетним сроком обучения. Хотя воспитанники и имели воинские звания, но формально институт считался гражданским учебным заведением, и военные дисциплины в нем не преподавали. В декабре 1823 г. Институт корпуса инженеров путей сообщения был преобразован в закрытое учебное заведение по образцу военных кадетских корпусов, и в учебные планы были включены военные дисциплины и фронтовое обучение. И только в 1864 г. институт вновь стал гражданским учебным заведением.

Институт, являясь первым высшим техническим заведением в области транспорта и строительства, на протяжении долгого времени не имел факультетов и готовил инженеров путей сообщений широкого профиля – специалистов по проектированию, строительству и эксплуатации всех дорожных и гидротехнических сооружений. Но уже в 30-е годы XIX в. в связи с сооружением в России первой железной дороги (1837 г.) институт стал готовить инженеров для строительства и эксплуатации железных дорог. Вскоре они смогли проходить практику на действующей Царскосельской железной дороге. Это на порядок повысило квалификацию выпускников и заложило почву для квалифицированного строительства и обслуживания железных дорог.

К середине XIX в. институт стал одним из крупнейших высших учебных заведений России. В его стенах создавались основы транспортной науки, складывалась система русского инженерно-строительного образования.

В 1954 г. институт был объединен с Ленинградским электротехническим институтом железнодорожного транспорта. В 1993 г. он получил статус университета и стал называться Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения. Университет имеет филиалы в Великих Луках, Мурманске, Петрозаводске, Волховстрое.

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Unit 2

Exercise 1. Study the table.

The Rostov State Transport University

Department

Electro-me- chanical Department

Power Engineering Department

Department of Automation, Telemechanics and Communication

Speciality / Educational pro-		Qualifica-
	gram	tion
Railway	Locomotives	Engineer of
rolling stock		railway
	Carriages	communi-
		cation
	Electrical rail-
	way transport
Engineering of environment		Engi-
protection		neer-ecolo-
		gist
Equipment and technology for		Engineer
wear resistance improvement,
machine parts and apparatus
restoration
Power supply of railroads		Engineer of
		communi-
		cation
Industrial heat-and-power engi-		Engineer
neering
Electromechanics (electrical en-		Engineer
gineering, electromechanics
and electrotechnocs)
Automation, telemechanics and		Railway
communication on the railway		engineer
transport
Computers, computer com-		Engineer
plexes, systems and networks

Multiple-channel telecommuniEngineer cation systems

Information systems and tech-	Engineer
nologies

Place of work

At the railway stations (junctions) At the locomotive workshops

At the mechanical shops

At the carriage shops

At design and research offices At industrial and

transport enterprises At power stations At repair inspection shops

At industrial and transport enterprises At design offices At research offices

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16

Depart-		Speciality / Educational pro-		Qualifica-	Place of work
ment		gram		tion
Construc-		Land cadastre		Engineer	At railroad construc-
tion De-					tion sites
partment		Railroad con-	Bridges and	Engineer	In the workshops
		struction	transport tun-		At industrial and
			nels		transport enterprises
			Railroad
			construction,
			road and rail-
			way equip-
			ment
Department		Exploitation of trans-shipping		Engineer	At the railway sta-
of Railroad		equipment of ports and trans-			tions (junctions)
Construc-		port terminals			At the locomotive
tion Ma-		Service of transport and techno-		Engineer	workshops
chines		logical machines and equip-			At the mechanical
		ment			shops
		Tribology		Engineer	At the carriage
					shops
		Vehicles and transportation		Engineer
		management
		Lifting and transport, construc-		Engineer
		tion and road machines and
		equipment
Department1.		Transportation and transport		Engineer of	At the railway sta-
of Railway		management (railway transport)		communi-	tions, junctions, ter-
Manage-	2.	Logistics and supply chain		cation	minals
ment and		management			At the industrial and
Operation					transport enterprises
Interna-	1.	Law		Lawyer	At the industrial and
tional Insti2- .					transport enterprises
tute of	3.	Finances and credit		Economist
Business
and Law	4.	Business accounting , analysis		Economist
	5.	and audit
	6.	Economy and management at		Man-
		the enterprise		ager-econo-
				mist
	7.	Taxes and taxation		Taxa-
				tion-expert
	8.	International economics		Economist

Depart-	Speciality / Educational pro-	Qualifica-	Place of work
ment	gram	tion
Humanities1.	Social and cultural service and	Specialist	At the tourist agen-
Department	tourism	in the field	cies and bureaus,
		of service	hotels, tourist enter-
		and tourism	prises
2.	Social work	Social
		work spe-
		cialist
3.	Scientific discipline of docu-	Scientific
	mentation and documentation	discipline
	securing of management	of docu-
		mentation
		expert
4.	Management	Manager

5.

Exercise 2. Revise the grammar rule.

Конструкция THERE TO BE

There + is (are, was, were, will be) + subject + adverbial modifier

Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite
There is a students` soci-	There was a students` so-
ety in the University.	ciety in the University.

Future Indefinite There will be a students` society in the University.

There are students` clubs	There were students` clubs	There will be students`
in the University.	in the University.	clubs in the University.

Exercise 3. Compose the sentences of your own, using the tables.

a)

There are

eight	(two,	five, departments	in the structure of the
eighty)			University
a number of		specialities	in our University
various		opportunities	at our department
numerous		activities	for our graduates

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(is)	different	enterprises	our graduates can per-
			form
	several	subjects	our graduates can work
			at
	several (two, three)	chairs	in the curriculum
	kinds (types) of

Vocabulary:

an opportunity – возможность, activities – виды деятельности, an enterprise – предприятие, a chair – кафедра,

to perform – выполнять, осуществлять, a graduate – выпускник,

a curriculum – учебный план.

b)
The University	include(s)
	train(s)
The department(s)	offer(s)
The curriculum	comprise(s)
	grant(s)
The diploma	give(s)
The structure of
the University	is known for
Cultural and social	provide(s)
life	can boast

a number of chairs

a number of specialities

a number of departments

general and special subjects

specialists in different areas (for different fields of science)

the qualification of…

the right to work at (in)…

a rich library

high academic standards

students with learning (sporting, leisure) opportunities such as …

students societies, vocational clubs, various contests and sports competitions, etc.

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Vocabulary:

to include – включать;

to train – обучать; готовить; to offer – предлагать;

to comprise – включать; охватывать; to grant – предоставлять;

to be known for – быть известным; to provide – предоставлять;

to boast – хвастаться.

Exercise 4. Using the sentences prepared, compose a short story about:

∙the University,

∙your department,

∙your speciality.

In order to list something, use the patterns:

They are as follows ... .

They are the following … .

The most important of them are … . Here are several of them … .

One of them is … .

The story can be like this:

There are a lot of departments at our University. One of them is … . The department trains specialists in 3 programs. They are as follows: … .

Exercise 5. Read the text and render it in English.

The Moscow State University of Railway Engineering

The Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (Московский государственный университет путей сообщения) is the leading and largest transport institution of Russia with more than 17,000 undergraduate and postgraduate students. The University is a base institution in Education and Methodology Association in the field of railway transport and transport construction. Every year about 25,000 top managers and specialists take professional development courses in the Moscow State University of Railway Engineers.

The University comprises seven Institutes: the Institute of Rail Track, Construction and Structures; the Institute of Control Systems, Telecommunication and Electrification; the Institute of Transport Engineering and Operations Management; the Institute of Rail Operation and Information Technologies; Economics and Finance Institute; the Institute of Humanities; Law Institute. There are also four departments: the Department of Ecological Safety; Part time Programs Department; Military Training Department; the Department of Pre-university Training.

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The University trains students in 52 study programs. Nowadays there are 17 bachelor programs and 13 master programs of different areas. The University is known for high academic standards and high quality tuition. It trains qualified specialists for 10 fields of science and 61 scientific specialities. There are currently more than 400 students taking post-graduate courses and those working for their doctor's degree. The University has 12 Doctorate Scientific Councils.

The total area of the University is 224.5 thousand square meters. The University has 54 buildings, twelve of which are educational ones. It provides students with 7 hostels, the University Community Centre, and the Sports Centre. It can boast one of the largest University libraries in Moscow with more than 2.5 million books, its status being an extra-category one. The corporate computer network (Internet/Intranet) has been developed at the University for about 1,000 users among which there are departments, research and academic laboratories.

Cultural and social life includes students building teams, students scientific societies, students extra employment service, vocational clubs, various contests and sports competitions, inter-university activities, leisure activities, etc.

Scientific research work is closely connected with modernization of transport complexes operation; introduction of new technologies, forms and methods of transportation processes operation; solving economic and ecological problems of railway transport; providing rail traffic safety.

Vocabulary:

undergraduate and postgraduate students – студенты и аспиранты;

to take professional development (post-graduate) courses – обучаться на курсах повышения квалификации (в аспирантуре);

tuition – обучение; деятельность учителя;

to work for their doctor's degree – работать над докторской диссертацией; a scientific council – ученый совет;

to be closely connected – быть тесно связанным; to solve problems – решать проблемы;

to provide safety – обеспечивать безопасность.

Exercise 6. Revise the degrees of comparison.

	Comparative degree	Superlative degree
large	larger	the largest
important	more important	the most important
good	better	the best
bad	worse	the worst
little	less	the least
mach, many	more	the most

Give the degrees of comparison for the adjectives.

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Small, high, low, old, new, young, fast, slow, quick, long, short, busy, happy, clever, serious, important, strong, kind, brave, attentive, beautiful, intellectual, different, attractive.

Exercise 7. Look at the table and give the general information about main transport universities of Russia. Choose the oldest (the largest, the farthest, the most famous and so on) one.

Commentary. There are different ways of representing the name of the university, training in the field of railway transport: University of Transport Communications, University of Transport , Railway University. You can also see the name formed in the course of history: University of Railway Engineering. The table follows the uniform variant: State Transport University (государственный университет путей сообщения). But also it contains the names presented by the universities on their web-sites (in parentheses).

Name	Place	Foundation	Num-	Insti-	Spe-
			ber of	tutes	ciali-
			stu-	and de-	ties
			dents	part-
				ments
Moscow State Transport Uni-	Moscow, К-55, 15,	1896	100000	9	60
versity (Moscow State Univer-	Obraztsova st.
sity of Railway Engineering)
Petersburg State Transport	St.Petersburg, 9,	1809	13000	9	28
University (Petersburg State	Moskovsky av.
Railway University)
Rostov State Transport Univer-	Rostov-on-Don, 2,	1929	22000	9	31
sity (Rostov State University of	Narodnogo
Transport Communications)	Opolcheniya sq.
Far Eastern State Transport	Khabarovsk, 47, Sery-	1937	25000	14	45
University	sheva st.
Siberian State Transport Uni-	Novosibirsk, 191, Ko-	1932	9500	10	29
versity (Siberian State Univer-	valchuk st.
sity of Transport)
Omsk State Transport Univer-	Omsk, 35, Marksa av.	1896	13000	9	26
sity		(Tomsk),
		1961 (moved
		to Omsk)
Ural State Transport University	Ekaterinburg, 66, Kol-	1956	10000	7	30
(Ural State University of Rail-	mogorova st.
way Transport)
Samara State Transport Uni-	Samara, 18, Pervy	1973	11000	6	16
versity (Samara State Univer-	Bezymianny bystreet
sity of Transport)
Irkutsk State Transport Univer-	Irkutsk, 15, Cherny-	1975	11000	6	25
sity (Irkutsk State Railway	shevskogo st.
University, Irkutsk State Uni-

versity of Railway Engineering)

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Exercise 8. Compare two of the universities using the patterns.

Степень сходства Полное сходство

Сходство по многим признакам Сходство по одному признаку

Степень отличия Неопределенная степень отличия Незначительная степень отличия (неполная)

Отличие по одному признаку

Значительная степень отличия (полная)

Способы выражения

My profession is the same as yours. Your profession and mine are alike.

This building is like a museum

This student works like a skilled specialist. He has the same plans as I have.

He works as good as an engineer.

Способы выражения His design differs from mine.

His design is different from mine.

This problem differs somewhat from that one. This problem is a little different from that one. His work is not so difficult as mine.

Your plan differs from mine in many ways. Your plan is very different from mine. Your plan is entirely different from mine.

Чтобы избежать повтора существительных в предложении, используйте следующие замены:

а) существительное можно пропустить при наличии притяжательного местоимения в независимой форме или существительного в притяжательном падеже,

∙This university is as large as ours.

∙His plan is not so interesting as Victor`s.

б) существительное можно заменить словами-заместителями,

∙This university is as large as that one.

∙The building of our university is different from that of the Moscow university.

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