I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя текст, приведенный выше.

a) 1. Was Sophia able to speak and write French in her childhood? 2. Could her father find highly qualified teachers in Palibino? 3. Did he have to invite a teacher from St. Petersburg to give his children a sound education? 4. Were women allowed to take a degree in old Russia? 5. Were progressive scientists able to make the government grant women the right to education? 6. Was Sophia allowed to go abroad when she got married? 7.Was she granted a degree in Berlin? 8. Did her Ph. D help her to get a position in Russia?

b) 1. When was Sophia Korvin-Krukovskaya born? 2. What were her favourite subjects while she was a child? 3. What kind of solution did she suggest at the age of twelve? 4.Why couldn't she attend lectures at the St. Petersburg University? 5. In what countries did her works get recognition? 6.What did she get her first prize for? 7. Where was she offered lectureship? 8. Why was she elected member of the Literary Club in Stockholm? 9. Whom would she meet there? 10. Whose works did she translate into French? 11. How old was she when she won recognition in Russia? 12.Whendidshedie?

II. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения.

1. Когда я учился в школе, я обычно проводил каникулы с родителями в деревне. 2. В прошлом году я был в студенческом лагере, там мы бывало вставали рано. 3. В студенческом лагере я подружился со многими студентами. 4. Принимая во внимание хорошую работу. студентов в течение всего семестра, преподаватели освобождают их от устных зачетов. 5. В прошлом столетии русские женщины не имели права на высшее образование, несмотря на то, что многие ученые настоятельно требовали, чтобы им предоставили это право. 6. Им не разрешали также посещать лекции в университете. 7. Чтобы получить ученую степень, Софья Ковалевская была вынуждена поехать за границу. 8. Несмотря на все свои заслуги, она не могла получить разрешение читать лекции в высших учебных заведениях России. 9. Женщины, которые хотели получить высшее образование, вынуждены были уезжать за границу. 10. В Швеции Софья Ковалевская много работала, прежде чем ее избрали профессором математики.

Grammar Exercises

I. Переведите следующие предложения и объясните употребление модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

1. When Sophia asked professor Chebyshev for advice he said: "You should ask for special permission to take examinations but I am not sure that you will be allowed to do it." 2. "The examinations are to be held at the very beginning of next month," said Sophia. "Shall I be able to get the permission by that time?" 3. "You may go abroad, but to do it you must get married," said the professor. 4. "You should discuss this problem with your family," he added. 5. So strong was Sophia's wish to go on with her studies that her parents had to let her get married and go abroad. 6. When the Kovalevskys arrived in Berlin they learned that women were not permitted to take examinations there either. 7. The only possible way out for her was to read privately, which she did. "I shall have to work very hard to cover the University course in four years," said she. 8. During the four years she stayed in Berlin Sophia Kovalevskaya was able not only to cover the University course, but also to write three dissertations. 9. "In consideration of these dissertations they ought to let me make my Doctorate," she thought. 10. It was the University of Gottingen that granted her a degree of Ph. D. for the paper "On the Theory of Partial Differential Equations". Their opinion was that the author of such a remarkable work should be granted a degree. 11. Moreover, they informed the young scientist that she needn't take oral examinations, as she had been excused from them. 12. It was then that the Kovalevskys decided to return to Russia, as Sophia hoped that with her Ph. D. she would be permitted to work at the University.