Бабенко Н.А

The Stuarts			101
3. Charles had to turn to the for money … .
a) Russian Emperor Peter I		b) Dutch King Carl VII
c) French King Louis XIV
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III	Translation
		realized
	escaped
	loved
to bring

The Great Plague

The summer of 1665 was unusually not. During June a terrible plague struck London killing 68,000, a quarter of the people who lied there. The fifty, narrow streets provided perfect conditions for the rats to breed and for the disease to spread.

Carters toured the streets ringing bells and shouting “Bring out your dead”. They took the corpses out of the town, buried then in a pit and covered them with quicklime.

Red crosses were painted on the doors of houses which had been visited by the plague. The people inside were not allowed to come out. Sometimes food was left for them on the doorstep.

There was no cure for the plague. Some thought it was caused by foul air so fires were lit in the streets to drive it away. Many people fled to the countryside to escape. Searchers of the dead would visit any house where there had been a death to see it had been caused by plague. Doctors wore special hoods with beaks. There were herbs in the beaks to filter the air. Like the Black Death in 1348, the plague was carried by fleas that lived on rats.

Task 1. Translate these words into Ukrainian.

yy terrible plague	yy quicklime
yy perfect conditions	yy cure
yy disease to spread	yy the countryside

Task 2. Fill in the gaps with the missing letters.

yy un_s_ _lly	yy _sc_pe
yy n_rr_w	yy s_ _rch_rs
yy c_ _ntr_s_d_

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Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs and translate them into Ukrainian.

I	II	III	Translation
		lied
	painted
	lived
to come

The Great Fire of London in 1666

In the year following the plague, a second disaster struck Lon­ don. A fire broke out in a baker’s shop in Pudding Lane. Fanned by a strong wind, the flames spread quickly through the narrow streets of wooden hours. The king ordered sailors to blow up houses with gunpowder in order to make an open space which the fire could not cross. But it was not until the fifth day of the fire, when the wind changed directions, that the flames were at last brought under con­ trol. Much of London was left a charred and smoking ruin.

Task 1. Make up questions to these sentences.

1.In the year following the plague, a second disaster struck London.

2.A fire broke out in a baker’s shop in Pudding Lane.

3.The king ordered sailors to blow up houses with gunpowder in or­ der to make an open space which the fire could not cross.

4.Much of London was left a charred and smoking ruin.

Task 2. Choose the correct variant.
yy A fire broke out in a … in Pudding Lane.
a) baker’s shop				b) grocery
c) clothing store
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I		II		III	Translation
	ordered
to blow
to make
	was

The Stuarts	103

Sir Christopher Wren

So much of London had been destroyed by the Great Fire that the king called on the architect, Christopher Wren, to design a new city.

When rebuilt fifty one churches, but the cathedral was his mas­ terpiece. It took thirty seven years to build. Wren was buried there when he died aged ninety.

Mane of Wren’s plans were never carried out because people often preferred to build their new houses and shops on the sites of the old ones. However, Wren did make sure that all building in the city were built of stone or brick and that roads were made wider. He left behind him a healthier and more beautiful capital city.

Task 1. Translate these words into Ukrainian.

yy architect	yy masterpiece
yy had been destroyed	yy preferred
yy rebuilt

Task 2. Fill in the gaps the missing letters.

yy d_str_y_d		yy b_c_ _s_
yy _rch_t_ct		yy h_w_v_r
yy r_b_ _lt		yy b_ _ _t_f_l
yy m_st_rp_ _c_
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III	Translation
		destroyed
to design
	buried
	left

What people ate

The food of most people changed little from Tudor times. Bread, cheese, cheap cuts of meat and beer remained the main items on the menu.

Wealthy people ate huge amounts of meat, poultry and fish. In­ creasing trade with overseas countries brought new kings of food from abroad, such as tomatoes, pineapples, cauliflower and cho­ colate.

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Coffee houses became very popular in Charles II’s reign. Mer­ chants and scholars went to them to discuss business, to hear news­ papers , read aloud or just fall. They drank coffee, chocolate, or a new and very expensive drink from India called tea.

Task 1. Make up questions to these sentences.

1.The food of most people changed little from Tudor times.

2.Bread, cheese, cheap cuts of meat and beer remained the main items on the menu.

3.Wealthy people ate huge amounts of meat, poultry and fish.

4.Coffee houses became very popular in Charles II’s reign.

5.They drank coffee, chocolate, or a new and very expensive drink from India called tea.

Task 2. Choose the correct variant.

1. The food of most people changed … from Tudor times. a) not b) little

c) much

2.… people ate huge amounts of meat, poultry and fish.

a) Wealthy		b) Poor
c) Ordinary
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III	Translation

changed

ate

became

went

Homes

The houses of rich nobles and merchants were more comfortable than they have been in Tudor times. They were built of stone or brick with sash windows and a regular shape.

Each room now had its special purpose and bathrooms were begin­ ning to appear by the end of the period.

Task 1. Translate these words into Ukrainian.

yy nobles and merchants	yy a regular shape
yy stone and brick	yy special purpose
yy sash windows

The Stuarts	105

Task 2. Fill in the gaps the missing letters.

yy m_rch_nts		yy p_rp_s_
yy c_mf_rt_bl_		yy b_thr_ _ms
yy w_nd_ws
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III	Translation

to have

built

had

James II

When the Charles II died in 1685, his brother succeeded him and became King James II. He was a Catholic and soon began to put Catholics in positions of power in the army and the government. This worried many leading Protestants and when James had a son to start a line of Catholics kings, they decided to make a sure this would not happen. They offered the crown to Mary, James’ Pro­ testant leader. William, the Dutch Protestant leader. William and Mary landed at Torbay and James marched to attack them. When his army and his generals began to desert, James lost the will to fight and fled to France. Parliament offered the throne jointly to William and Mary.

Task 1. Make up questions to these sentences.

1.When the Charles II died in 1685, his brother succeeded him and became King James II.

2.They offered the crown to Mary, James’ Protestant leader.

3.William and Mary landed at Torbay and James marched to at­ tact them.

4.Parliament offered the throne jointly to William and Mary.

Task 2. Choose the correct variant.
1. Charles II died in … .
a) 1658	b) 1685
c) 1688
2. King James II is … brother.
a) Charles I’s	b) Charles II’s
c) Charles III’s

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3. Parliament offered the throne jointly to … .
a) Charles and Kate				b) Harry and Anne
c) William and Mary
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I		II		III		Translation
		worried
		decided
the crown
Science
Before the	Stuart period little			was known	about science and

a great deal of what was known was based on guesswork or supersti­ tion. During James I’s reign Roger Bacon began to carry out scien­ tific experiments to discover more about the world.

In 1665, Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity by watch­ ing the apple fall from the tree. He went on to put forward other im­ portant laws about of motion. Much of modern science is based on his ideals.­

In 1628 William Harvey wrote a book explaining how a heart is a pump for moving blood round the body. Many people thought he was mad.

Roger Bacon’s ideals about the importance of experiments were continued by scientists during Stuart times and as a result some very exciting discoveries were made. By the end of a period more was known about the human body, nature and the planets than ever be­ fore, although not everyone believed these new ideas.

Charles II took a keen interest in science. He founded a club called a Royal Society where leading doctors, scientists and astronomers could discuss their work.

Task 1. Translate these words into Ukrainian. yy guesswork or superstition

yy scientific experiments yy the law of gravity

yy laws about of motion

yy a pump for moving blood round the body

The Stuarts	107

yy the importance of experiments yy exciting discoveries

Task 2. Fill in the gaps the missing letters.

yy sc_ _nc_		yy c_nt_n_ _d
yy g_ _ssw_rk		yy h_m_n
yy s_p_rst_t_ _n		yy _str_n_m_rs
yy f_rw_rd
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III		Translation
to discover
	went
		made
	took

What people wore

During the early Stuart Period fashions became more colorful. Clothes lost the padded stiffness of the Elizabethan Age and became looser. Ribbons became popular decorations.

Then, during the Commonwealth, fashions became simpler, because most forms of decoration were banned. When Charles II became king, color and decoration returned, with many fashions­ brought from France where Charles had lived during Crom­ well’s rule.

Task 1. Make up questions to these sentences.

1.During the early Stuart Period fashions became more colorful.

2.Clothes lost the padded stiffness of the Elizabethan Age and be­ came looser.

3.Then, during the Commonwealth, fashions became simpler, be­ cause most forms of decoration were banned.

Task 2. Choose the correct variant.

yy During the … Stuart Period fashions became more colorful. a) early b) middle

c) late

108 Позакласне читання для старшої школи. Тексти із завданнями

Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs and translate them into Ukrainian.

I	II	III	Translation
	became
	lost
	returned
		brought

Colonies and Trade

Throughout the Stuart Period, the eastern coast of America was settled by the British.

The early pioneers had a very hard time but eventually they set up colonies which prospered through fishing, fur trapping and tobacco growing.

British ships traded all over the world, bringing back goods such as sugar and indigo from the West Indies. People put money into trading companies, like the East India Company, sure that they would make big profits.

Task 1. Translate these words into Ukrainian.

yy the eastern coast of America	yy tobacco growing
yy pioneers	yy big profits
yy eventually

Task 2. Fill in the gaps with the missing letters.

yy ev_nt_ _lly		yy f_sh_ng
yy c_l_n_ _s		yy c_mp_n_
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III	Translation
	traded
to make
		put
to bring

The Last of the Stuarts

When William and Mary came to the throne in 1689, Parlia­ ment drew up a list of rules to control the power. This list was called the Bill of Rights. When William signed the Bill, Parliament the

The Stuarts	109

finally won the great straggle which have gone on throughout the Stuart Period to decide the whether Parliament or the king was more powerful­ .

When William died in 1702, James II’s other daughter Anne be­ came queen. During her reign Scotland was united with the rest of Britain and Members of Parliament began to divide into two parties, the Whigs and the Tories.

Queen Anne was the last of the Stuarts. She has sixteen children but they all died. When she herself died in 1714, Parliament de­ cided to offer the throne to a Protestant German, Prince George, who was the great grandson of James I. A new Georgian Age was about to begin.­­

Task 1. Make up questions to these sentences.

1.When William and Mary came to the throne in 1689, Parliament drew up a list of rules to control the power.

2.This list was called the Bill of Rights.

3.When William died in 1702, James II’s other daughter Anne be­ came queen.

4.Queen Anne was the last of the Stuarts.

5.She has sixteen children but they all died.

6.A new Georgian Age was about to begin.

Task 2. Choose the correct variant.

1.William and Mary came to the throne in … .

a) 1669

b) 1689

c)1698

2.This list was called … .

a)The Bill of Rights

b)The Declaration of Independence

c)The Document on the abolition of serfdom

Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs and translate them into Ukrainian.

I	II	III	Translation
	came
	drew
	won
to divide

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The legacy of the Stuarts

The Stuart Age brought great ages. The uniting of England and Scotland in 1707 meant that people now talked about the two count­ ries as Great Britain. The religious quarrels that had troubled the Tudors were largely settled, and Britain was now firmly a Protestant country. The triumph of Parliament in the Civil War laid the foun­ dations of a parliamentary system of government which later became a model for other countries.

Task 1. Translate these words into Ukrainian.

yy the uniting	yy foundations
yy the religious quarrels	yy parliamentary system
yy triumph

Task 2. Fill in the gaps with the missing letters.

yy _ngl_nd		yy pr_t_st_ntc_ _ntr_
yy Sc_tl_nd		yy f_ _nd_t_ _ns
yy c_ _ntr_ _s		yy p_rl_ _m_nt_r_s_st_m
yy Gr_ _t Br_t_ _n
Task 3. Write the three forms of the verbs
and translate them into Ukrainian.
I	II	III	Translation

brought

meant

laid

became