Uchebnoe_posobie_dlya_st-v_1_kursa_EIU

largest profits possible. In a free market individual people are free to pursue their own interests.

There are also problems. Some goods would be underpurchased if the government did not provide free or subsidized supplies (for example, health and education). In a market economy there might be minimal control on working conditions and safety standards concerning products and services. It is necessary to have large-scale government intervention to pass laws to protect consumers and workers. Some firms produce goods and then advertise heavily to gain sufficient sales. Besides wasting resources on advertising, they may also duplicate one another’s services. Firms have no confidence in future sales if they are to produce new goods and services

The term market economy is not identical to capitalism where a corporation hires workers as a labour commodity to produce material wealth and boost shareholder profits.

Vocabulary

private ownership – частная собственность means of production – средства производства

to adjust automatically – автоматически приспосабливаться competitive – конкурентоспособный

to pursue interests – преследовать интересы working conditions – условия работы

safety standards – нормы техники безопасности

large-scale intervention – широкомасштабное вмешательство to pass laws – принимать законы

advertise – рекламировать

to gain sufficient sales – добиться достаточного объема продаж to have confidence – иметь уверенность

hire – принимать на работу

10. Give Russian equivalents:
to determine	to protect consumers
free price system	material wealth
fixed price system

11. Choose words from the list to fill in the gaps, then use them to make sentences:

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material, free-price, government, private, labour, subsidized,

sufficient, working
1.	_____ intervention	5.	_____ conditions
2.	_____ supplies	6.	_____ wealth
3.	_____ commodity	7.	_____ sales
4.	_____ system	8.	_____ enterprise

12. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:

1.The system is based on _____ with _____ of.

2.Firms tend to be highly _____ in such an environment.

3.In a free market individual people are free _____ .

4.Some goods would be _____ if the government did not provide

___________ supplies.

5.It is necessary to have _____ to pass laws _____ consumers and workers.

13. Answer the questions:

1. What’s a market economy?

2. What is this system based on?

3. What is the main difference between a market economy and a planned economy?

4. What are the advantages of a market economy?

5. What are the disadvantages of a market economy?

14. Use words/phrases from the list to help you retell the text: division of labour, a free price system, the management of the

economy, private enterprise, private ownership, determine the price of goods and services, adjust, to meet changing demands, competitive, to increase sales and profits, free to pursue their own interests, working conditions, safety standards, to pass laws.

Unit 6

Company structure

(A)Jobs

1.Translate the jobs in the box.

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managing director, head of research, purchasing manager, personal assistant, sales representative, marketing director, laboratory technician, quality control manager, training officer, lawyer, accountant, human resource officer, sales director

2(11). Listening. Isaac Cady is on a visit to Milan. Piera Macaluso introduces him to some collegues. Listen to a dialogue and write down the jobs they do.

a.William Bernstein ………………………..

b.Marianna Tardelli ………………………..

c.Carla Dendena ………………………….

d.Gianni Baresi ……………………………...

e.Daniel Jones ………………………………

f.Erika Chang ……………………………….

g.Frank Jensch ………………………………

3. Match the words with the descriptions below.

Managing director, purchasing manager, personal assistant, sales representative, laboratory technician, quality control manager, training officer.

1.I organize training courses for members of staff – languages, computers, etc.

2.I set up the equipment and do experiments and tests.

3.I am a senior executive.

4.I check that products are made to the right standards.

5.I visit customers and try to increase business.

6.I work with the Managing Director. I am responsible for his diary, organize his travel, and take calls for him.

7.I buy everything the company needs, from raw materials to stationary.

4. Reading. Read the text about the French company Perrier Vittel and fill in the gaps. Use the words in the box.

product, takeover, subsidiary, market leader, research centre, turnover, division, brands, customers, market share, production sites,

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acquisition, CEO (chief executive officer)

Perrier Vittel

Perrier Vittel is a 1._________ of the Nestle Group. It has millions of 2._________ all over the world. It is the water 3.________ of the group and has many famous 4.________ such as San Pellegrino, Contrex, Panna and Aquarel. There are sixty-seven 5._________

_________ producing billions of liters of bottled water. The main 6.

________ _______ of the Nestle Group is in Lausanne and there is a network of seventeen other centers on four continents employing 2,500 staff. This research helps produce safe and affordable water for everybody.

A recent new 7.________ is Nestle Pure Life. The company bottles this water locally in developing countries such as Pakistan and Brazil.

Nestle’s interest in water began in 1969 with the 8.________ of 30% of Vittel. After the 9._______ of Perrier in 1992 the new company Perrier Vittel became a major part of the Nestle Group. Today water sales represent 8.8% of the group’s 10._______. The group is the international 11.________ ________ for bottled water with a 15% 12._______ ________. A new 13._______, Frits van Dijk took over in 2000 and he aims to keep Perrier Vittel at the front of the bottled water market in both sales and technology.

5. Look at the organization chart. Use the information from the text above to complete the missing information. The first is done for you. Give the summary of the text.

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1. Parent company

Nestle

2.………………………

Perrier-Vittel S.A.

3……….	4……..	5………
Perrier, Nestle	Frits van	North America,
Pure Life	Dijk	Europe, Asia,
		South America

6. Read the text and explain the words in bold.

Mixed Economy

Mixed economy is an economic system that includes a variety of public and government control, or a mixture of capitalism and socialism.

There is not one single definition for a mixed economy, but relevant aspects include: a degree of private economic freedom (including privately owned industry) intermingled with centralized economic planning and government regulation (which may include regulation of the market for environmental concerns, social welfare or efficiency, or state ownership and management of some of the means of production for national or social objectives).

Technically all the economies of the world are mixed: it is just the balance elements between market and planned elements that alters.

The aim of mixed economies is to avoid essential disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private

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firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.

The UK is a mixed economy: some services are provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) whilst a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services.

Vocabulary

social welfare – социальное благосостояние to avoid disadvantages – избегать недостатков

to enjoy the benefits – пользоваться преимуществами

to solve economic problems – решать экономические проблемы a share of the output – доля в объеме производства

essential items – товары и услуги первой необходимости

7. Give Russian equivalents:
environmental concerns	taxation
relevant aspects	transfer payments
state ownership

8. Choose words from the list to fill in the gaps, then use them to make sentences:

government, economic , social , essential

1.	_____ welfare	3.	_____ disadvantages
2.	_____ control	4.	_____ freedom
9.	Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:
1. Mixed economy is an economic system that includes a variety of
_____ control.
2.	The aim of mixed economies is to avoid _____ of planned and
market economies.
3.	The state controls _____ through taxation.
4.	In the UK economy some services _____ by the state.

10. Answer the questions:

1.What’s a mixed economy?

2.What are the aspects of mixed economy?

3.What may government regulation include in this system?

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4.What is the aim of mixed economies?

5.What does the state control in mixed economies?

6.Can you give examples of countries with mixed economy?

11. Use words/phrases from the list to help you retell the text: public and government control, private economic freedom,

centralized economic planning, essential disadvantages, solving economic problems, share of the output, transfer payments, essential items.

Unit 7

Company structure

(B)Departments

1.Most large companies have different departments. Look at the extracts from the documents below and match them with the appropriate department. Can you think of some other departments?

a. Contract

This agreement is made the sixteenth day of January two thousand

Between

Carter Powell Management Service (hereinafter called “CPMS”) of the one part……..

b. Telephone message

Perry wright called. (journalist from economic news)

Wants to interview the chairman about our results. Call back on 08145 0168975

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c. ….working in this field for 12 years. I look forward to meeting you and discussing further the post that you are advertizing.

Please find enclosed my CV and application form.

Your sincerely

Jennifer Plater

e.

f. Currency……….$ Document number…..154 Discount……..20%

Supplier invoice date…..25/10/2012 Invoice number……023 Gross amount…..$ 459

1.Sales and Marketing department ___________.

2.Financial (Finance) department ____________.

3.Legal Department _______________________.

4.Human Resources department _____________.

5.Communications department ______________.

6.Research and Development department______.

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2. Where do these people usually work?

1.Accountants work in the _______ department.

2.Scientists often work in the _________ department.

3.Sales people ___________.

4.Lawyers ________.

5.PR people _________.

6.Training Managers __________.

3 (12). Listening. At a budget meeting four managers talk about their departments. Listen and complete the table below.

	1	2	3	4
Department			Human
			Resources
Staff		12 (5+7)
Office
Activity	Software
	research
Other information

4. Listen again and complete these sentences.

1.We __________ a __________ with ______ companies in the USA, so we ______ a lot of our _________ on _________.

2.We are __________ for _______ purchases, raw material, components, and other _____________.

3.________ _________ six _______ _______ in the department, plus Director.

4.We are _________ ________ ________ internal and external communications and public relations.

5.Speaking. Think about your department or the department you’d like to work in. Draw an organization chart. Use the phrases from the box below to give a short presentation about your department.

Describing your department

1. Describing the activity of the department.

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My department deals with / is responsible for marketing etc. We organize research / tests etc.

We work with customers / suppliers / subsidiaries etc.

2. Describing the staff.

There are _______ people in the department.

Sam Johnson is in charge of / responsible for _________. I am one of the managers / engineers etc.

3. Describing the equipment.

We have a large office / three labs etc. We use computers / fax / e-mail etc.

We have a well-equipped laboratory etc.

6. Read the text and explain the words in bold.

A Market

A market is any one of a variety of different systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby persons trade, and goods and services are exchanged, forming part of the economy. It is an arrangement that allows buyers and sellers to exchange things. Markets vary in size, range, geographic scale, location, types and variety of human communities, as well as the types of goods and services traded. Some examples include local farmers’ markets held in town squares or parking lots, shopping centers and shopping malls, international currency and commodity markets, legally created markets such as for pollution permits, and illegal markets such as the market for illicit drugs.

In mainstream economics, the concept of a market is any structure that allows buyers and sellers to exchange any type of goods, services and information. The exchange of goods or services for money is a transaction. Market participants consist of all the buyers and sellers of a good who influence its price. This influence is a major study of economics and has given rise to several theories and models concerning the basic market forces of supply and demand. There are two roles in markets, buyers and sellers. The market facilitates trade and enables the distribution and allocation of resources in a society. Markets allow any tradable item to be evaluated and priced. A market emerges more or less

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