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Сигнализация в сетях связи (методичка)

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L_e_nhggZy ihevah\Zl_evkdZy qZklv

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< gZklhys__ \j_fy \ ZenZ\bl_ TUP bkihevamxlky ke_^mxsb_ ]jmiiu kb]gZeh\ G

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0010

]jmiiZ khh[s_gby h[jZlgh]h gZijZ\e_gby ^ey aZijhkZ bgnhjfZpbb hl bkoh^ys_c :LK \ ijhp_kk_ mklZgh\e_gby kh_^bg_gby²

]jmiiZ khh[s_gbc h[jZlgh]h gZijZ\e_gby kb]gZebabjmxsbo h[ mki_rghf mklZgh\e_gbb kh_^bg_gby² ]jmiiZ khh[s_gbc h[jZlgh]h gZijZ\e_gby

kb]gZebabjmxsbo h ijbqbgZo g_\hafh`ghklb mki_rgh]h mklZgh\e_gby kh_^bg_gby²

]jmiiZ khh[s_gbc h khklhygbyo ijhp_kkZ h[kem`b\Zgby \uah\Z²

]jmiiZ khh[s_gbc h khklhygbyo imqdZ dZgZeh\ beb ebgbc k\yab²

]jmiiZ khh[s_gbc bkihevam_fuo ^ey \aZbfgh]h dhgljhey f_`^m h[hjm^h\Zgb_f maeh\ dhffmlZpbb²

JZaebqZxl ke_^mxsb_ lbiu Z^j_kguo khh[s_gbc ijyfh]h gZijZ\e_gby h[hagZqZ_fuo jZaebqgufb dh^Zfb aZ]heh\dh\ H1:

gZqZevgh_ Z^j_kgh_ khh[s_gb_ gZqZevgh_ Z^j_kgh_ khh[s_gb_ k ^hihegbl_evghc

bgnhjfZpb_c

 

ihke_^mxs__ Z^j_kgh_ khh[s_gb_ k h^gbf beb

g_kdhevdbfb Z^j_kgufb kb]gZeZfb

 

 

 

ihke_^mxs__ Z^j_kgh_ khh[s_gb_ k h^gbf Z^j_kguf

kb]gZehf

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hkgh\ghc nhjfZl gZqZevgh]h Z^j_kgh]h khh[s_gby

ihdZaZg gZ jbk

 

 

 

 

J

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2

6

 

4

4

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:^j_kgu_

Dhebq_kl\h

LKJ1HGFEDCBA

 

 

kb]gZeu

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Bg^bdZlhj

 

 

 

 

kb]gZeh\

khh[s_gby

 

 

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4

 

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Jbk

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dZgZeZ kimlgbdh\hc k\yab

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[bl G²bg^bdZlhj \oh^ys_]h f_`^mgZjh^gh]h \uah\Z [bl D²kb]gZevgh]h imlb

[bl I — bg^bdZlhj i_j_gZijZ\e_gby \uah\Z [bl -J²bg^bdZlhj pbnjh\h]h imlb

[bl L²j_a_j\

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DZ`^uc Z^j_kguc kb]gZe²dh^bjm_lky q_lujvfy

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pbnjZ

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<_jkby ISUP

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f_`klZgpbhgghf mqZkld_

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Ih^kbkl_fZ ihevah\Zl_e_c ^ey k_l_c ih^\b`ghc k\yab

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ebgbb KEF d J:LK ]hjh^Z < M:D \dexqZxlky f_`^m]hjh^gu_ dZgZeu d FPD

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GZ jbk ihdZaZgu dZgZeu b ebgbb \dexq_ggu_ \ kh\f_szggmx klZgpbx b khhl\_lkl\mxsZy bf kb]gZebaZpby

Jbk

Kb]gZebaZpby ih f_`^mgZjh^guf b f_`^m]hjh^guf dZgZeZf

< khhl\_lkl\bb k j_dhf_g^Zpbyfb FDDLL G.I b gZ f_`^mgZjh^ghc k_lb bkihevamxlky kbkl_fu kb]gZebaZpbb

FDDLL

HDK

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bkihevamxlky kbkl_fu kb]gZebaZpbb h^ghqZklhlgZy gZ f=2600 =p (1F);

Kb]gZebaZpby \²b dZgZevghf bgl_j\Ze_ ljZdlZ

d[b] k gh ^gmf \u^_e_gguf kb]gZevguf dZgZeZf <KD