Compound prepositions

according to because of by means of depending on due to as to in spite of regardless of

«согласно», «в соответствии» «из-за», «вследствие», «благодаря» «при помощи», «посредством» «в зависимости от» «из-за», «вследствие», «благодаря» «что касается» «несмотря на» «невзирая на»

Exercise 16. Read the following sentences and indicate compound prepositions. Translate the sentences.

1. Many carbon compounds play a vital role due to their effect on the processes in the human body. 2. Antibodies can be classified according to their mode of action. 3. As to the starch it was then recognized that it gave glucose when heated with dilute sulphuric acid. 4. By means of the glycolytic series of reactions pyruric acid is formed in the cells of plants. 5. Depending on the basis of the functional group carbon compounds are divided into several classes. 6. The chemical properties of phenols differ from those of alcohols chiefly because of the acidic character of the phenols. 7. In spite of the importance of the contributions that had been made earlier, the greatest portion of credit for the development of the Periodic system must undoubtly go to the Russian scientist, D.I. Mendeleyev (1834-1907). 8. Regardless of their diverse molecular structures, all hydrocarbons have a number of properties in common.

Homonyms (prepositions and conjunctions)

ПРЕДЛОГИ, совпадающие по форме с СОЮЗАМИ

словоформа	предлог	союз
since	c	с тех пор как, так как
till until	до	до того как, (до тех пор) пока (не) пока
for	для	так как, потому что
after	после	после того как
before	до	до того как, прежде чем
as	как, в качестве	так как, по мере того как

Exercise 17. Translate the following sentences, pointing out conjunctions of the subordinate sentences.

1. Cells must grow before they can divide. 2. As the leaf ages, hormonal changes take place and at least two layers of cells become differentiated. 2. For a long period man has known about the medicinal properties of plants. 3. Until man learned to develop nuclear energy, he depended entirely on sunlight for his energy needs. 4. After algae and other simple green plants appeared in the oceans about 3.5 billion years ago, the amount of oxygen started to increase as a result of photosynthesis. 5. Two dyes are used for the preparation of lipstick. 6. In the vitamin field the efforts of the chemists are especially large since they isolated and synthesized a number of new vitamins. 7. Plants are very important as they help to maintain the balance of the atmosphere. 8. Since 1930 all other vitamins have been isolated. 9. Before the era of electricity, acetylene gas was used as a component of illuminating gas, for it burns with a colourless flame.

Part II

Speech patterns

Read and learn the following speech patterns.

We haven’t seen you for ages.	Мы давно не видели вас.
We haven’t seen much of you lately.	Последнее время тебя что-то совсем не видно.
I have seen very little of you of late.	Последнее время я тебя редко вижу.
It’s a pity you haven’t made up your mind.	Жаль. Что вы не приняли решения.
Sorry to have kept you waiting.	Простите, что заставил вас ждать.
Never mind.	Ничего страшного.
Sorry to have failed to fulfill your request.	Простите, что не удалось выполнить вашу просьбу.
No harm done.	Все благополучно.
Sorry to have woken you up.	Простите, что вас разбудил.

Exercise 1. Practise the dialogues paying attention to the use of Present Perfect and Past Simple.

Model:	A.	Have you ever won the lottery? No, I haven’t. I have never won a penny. (No, every time I was out of luck).
	B.	Have you ever been to the Palace of Arts in Minsk? Yes, I’ve been there several times. (Yes, I was there a few days ago.)
	C.	Has he spoken to you about his plans recently? No, he hasn’t said anything to me. (No, he went to Riga last week and hasn’t arrived yet.)

Ex.2.Finish the dialogues according to the Models.

• Have you ever met anyone famous?

• … … … … … … … … … … …

• Have you ever travelled abroad?

• … … … … … … … … … …

• Have you shown him your collection of coins?

• … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

• Have you ever stay at the Metropol Hotel?

• … … … … … … … … … … … … … …

Task: Prepare some questions for a QUESTAINARE using Have you ever pattern to find out something interesting or unusual about another person.

DIALOGUES

Meeting people after a long time..

Read the dialogues in pairs.

1. We haven’t seen you for ages. Have you been ill?

2. Yes, I have. Actually I have been ill for a week.

3. What was it?

4. It was the grippe.

5. Are you well now?

6. To be honest with you, I’m just recovering, so I feel like a wet rag.

1. How nice to see you again. Where have you been? Home?

2. No, I’ve been at my relations.

3. Whereabouts?

4. I went to the country to see my uncle.

1. Come in and sit down. We haven’t seen much of you lately.

2. No, I’ve been away on holiday.

3. Where exactly?

4. In the Crimea. I’ve got a cousin there.

1. It’s a long time since we met. Where have you been all this time?

2. I have just returned from Spain.

3. Was it a business trip?

4. Oh, no I was on leave.

5. Lucky you are. Did you have a good rest?

6. Oh, It was fantastic!

1. Hello! It’s ages since I heard from you.

2. I’ve been away for a while. It was a business trip. A week has passed since I came back.

3. I’m glad you called me. I’ve got a lot of news to tell you about.

4. You see, the days have been so crowded since my return that I had no chance to visit any of my friends.

1. Hello, Nick.

2. Hello, Peter. It’s nice to see you again. How are you?

3. Fine, thank you. And you? Hope you are O.K. Haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?

4. I have just arrived from Moscow. Have you ever been there?

5. Yes, I have been there several times. It’s a very interesting place, isn’t it? I hope you have enjoyed it greatly.

6. Oh, yes, I have had a very nice time

7. Did you go there alone?

8. No, together with Michael, an old friend of mine. You remember him, don’t you?

9. Sure. Has he graduated from college?

10. No, not yet. He is in the last year. What about you? I haven’t heard from you of late. How are you getting on?

11. Thank you, quite all right. Come and see me some day, will you?

12. I’ll be delighted. So long.

13. See you soon. Bye.

Read and translate the dialogues from Russian into English.

1. Привет, Агата! Тебя что-то совсем не видно. Где ты была все это время?

2. Привет, Пол! Рада тебя видеть. Я только что вернулась из командировки.

3. Когда ты возвратилась?

4. Вчера вечером.

1. Привет!

2. Доброе утро. Я не видел тебя сто лет. Как жизнь?

3. У меня все нормально. Как у тебя дела?

4. Все как обычно. Ты что-нибудь хочешь купить? Ты бледен

5. Да, я болел всю эту неделю. А сейчас у меня раскалывается голова (splitting headache). Я бы хотел пачку аспирина.

1. Привет, Марк. Вот это сюрприз!

2. Привет, Том. Я не видел тебя тысячу лет

3. Я никак не ожидал встретить тебя в этом кафе. У тебя, вероятно, хорошо идут дела. Ты прекрасно выглядишь.

4. Жаловаться не на что. А как у тебя дела?

5. Я продал дом. А вчера у меня украли машину.

6. Мне жаль это слышать.