It is interesting to know

 Reading

Levi's is probably the most famous brand of jeans in the world.

Read the article about this brand quickly, and answer these questions.

a What are Levi’s jeans made of?

b What was Levi Strauss's first job in America?

c When and what colour did they dye Levi’s jeans?

d Why did sales rise in the 1980s?

The Levi's Story

LEVI'S make the most famous and popular trousers in the world. They are made of very strong cotton which originally came from Nimes in France. 'De Nimes' became denim. Levi Strauss was a German immigrant who arrived in San Francisco in 1853. First, he made tents for gold prospectors. Then, he started to make trousers from the same material. In 1873, Levi's dyed the trousers blue. Levi's head­quarters today is still in San Francisco and, in 1993, they sold 50 million pairs of their '501' blue jeans. The company was not always successful. In the 1980s, they had problems but they changed management and, in 1985, Bob Haas became President of the company. With large, invest­ment in marketing and advertising, Levi's relaunched the original 501 jeans. The campaign was a huge success. In Great Britain the advertising was so successful that sales of 501 jeans rose by 800%! Today, about 16,000,000 pairs of 501 jeans are sold in Western Europe and they are all made in factories in Scotland and France. More than half of Levi's profits come from exports. The factory in France employs about 540 people who produce 18,000 pairs of jeans per day. With thirty-five factories in the US, Levi's is a major employer, particularly in the South. Unfortunately, because Levi's are such a popular product there are many 'pirate' copies made also. In 1993, for example, police throughout the world found 2,000,000 fake pairs of Levi's jeans.

In the future, Levi's hope that more companies will allow casual dress so that sales will rise as office employees start to wear jeans to work. Just what Levi Strauss designed more than one hundred years ago - working trousers!

Exercise 1

Find the English equivalents in the text.

Підробка, повсякденний одяг, продаж, фарбувати тканину, робочі штани, бавовняна тканина (2), намет, починати виробництво знову, золотошукач.

 Speaking

A Here is the list of colours. Read, translate it and tell your partner which of the colours is your favourite; which is in fashion now; which you wear when you are happy. Find out your groupmates’ preferences in colours, fabrics and patterns; whether he/she likes clothes of single colour, tranquil colour or bright-coloured things. Add to the list colours that are not mentioned.

Colours

crimson purple pink rose scarlet beige cream

jade khaki navy blue sky blue azure russet brick-red

peach lemon apricot lilac mauve violet pastel

maroon olive bottle green turquoise cherry (red) vari-coloured

B You and your partner have been invited to attend a dinner in aid of charity. It is not an

occasion for a suit and an evening dress, but you can’t go in jeans and a T-shirt. Choose an outfit (and a colour and a type of fabric for each article of clothing) for both of you which you think will look attractive.

Exercise 2

Do the crossword.

Across:

2. the colour of a sour fruit (5)

5. yellowish-white (5)

7. colour of grass (5)

8. opposite of dark (4)

11. colour for a cardinal (6)

Down:

1. signifies death (5)

3. red and yellow mixed (6)

4.colour of earth, wood, or coffee

beans (5)

6. colour of fire and blood (3)

9. light blue (5)

10. colour of the sky (4)

Footwear and Footwear Accessories

boot wellington boot (BrE)/rubber boot (AmE) ankle boot fur-lined boot lace-boot knee-high boot hiking boot bootee bootleg brogue clog shoe leather (calf, kid) shoe patent-leather/glace shoe suede shoe/chamois shoe canvas shoe evening shoe casual shoe/ for everyday wear/ for country wear/ walking shoe slip-on shoe sling-back shoe platform shoe flat shoe low-heeled shoe/with low heels high-heeled shoe stiletto-heeled shoe/with stiletto heel/ stiletto with wedge heel shoes of home/foreign make shoe horn flip-flop (BrE)/thongs (AmE) loafer moccasin mules plimsoll/gymshoe (BrE)/sneaker (AmE) slippers dancing slippers pointe(s)

sole cork-soled crepe-soled thin-soled shoe thick-soled shoe/heavy-soled shoe leather-soled shoe rubber-soled shoe inner sole instep galoshes/rubbers/overshoes trainer (BrE)/tennis shoe (AmE) toe round toe pointed toe square toe tops court shoe (BrE)/pump (AmE) dancing pump sandal ankle-strap sandal peep-toe/open-toe/toeless shoes (ice) skates to polish shoes to break in a shoe shoes pinch (in the toes) shoes are tight across the toes shoes wring shoes feel comfortable shoes are reliable (lasting, wearable) shoes give a little shoes stretch with wearing shoes get a little large with wear to wear out the heels (soles) down-at-heel shoe to heel and sole shoes

Exercise 1

Match each of the following types of footwear with the correct number in the picture below. What kind of shoes do you like?

3 3

… boot … wellington …training shoe/trainer

… clog … moccasin … riding-boot

… sandal … slipper

Exercise 2

Match the following names of footwear with their descriptions.

1. boot 2. clog 3. moccasin 4. mule 5. plimsoll 6. loafer 7. pump 8. sandal 9. slipper 10. wellington 11. flip-flop 12. brogue

a loose-fitting shoe with uppers made of soft material, worn in T the house a heelless shoe of deerskin or soft leather a kind of open shoe worn in summer a long-legged rubber boot made in one piece a kind of light, soft shoe worn for dancing, etc. footwear heavier than a shoe with a part for supporting the ankle a shoe with no back, but only a piece across the toes to hold it on a shoe with a sole made of wood a thick strong leather shoe with a pattern in the leather a type of open shoe, usually made of rubber, with only one band across the front to hold your feet a flat leather shoe that doesn’t need to be fastened onto your foot a light shoe with a top made of a thick cotton cloth and a flat rubber sole

Exercise 3

Match each of the following parts of the shoe with the correct number in the picture below.

…. eyelet …. heel

…. shoelace …. instep

…. sole …. toe-cap

…. tongue …. upper

Exercise 4

Choose the right answer.

1. I don’t know how you manage to walk with such high laces/toes/heels.

2. David had to stop three times to tie up his small daughter’s heels/shoelaces/soles.

3. I can’t walk in these high-heeled boots. I keep falling off/falling back/falling over.

4. These shoes pinch/hold/compress. Let me try a larger size, please.

5. These leather shoes are made at hand/by hand/in hand.

6. The first thing he did was to unpack/disconnect/undo his shoelaces and take his shoes off.

7. When she goes to the beach she usually puts flip-flops/ high-heeled hoes/brogues on.

8. It was raining heavily the whole day yesterday, so he had to wear plimsolls/mules/ wellingtons.

Exercise 5

Put each of the following words in its correct place in the passage below.

bones fit quality

bought pain shape

choose place shoes

chosen properly size

feet protect

Shoes and Health

Shoes should be …... with the idea that they are made to …… and support the

…… . They should be …… for shape, ……… and the …… of the material.

…… is no guarantee that …… will fit, and people should ……. shoes that follow the …… of the foot. Only with …… fitting shoes will the wearer avoid the …... of having the small …... of the foot pushed out of …… .

 Writing

Study the picture and read the description. Then write an accurate description.

She was dressed really strangely; she was wearing a smart skirt and a pair of expensive high-heeled shoes. But instead of tights she had a pair of striped socks on her feet. She was also wearing a funny old plain cardigan with a belt round the middle and a man's shirt with a checked tie. She was really quite pretty and her short hair was neat and tidy.

 Speaking

1. Read the idioms that follow. Explain their meaning to your partner. Find the appropriate Ukrainian equivalents. Use them in the sentences of your own.

1. to know where the shoe pinches/wrings;

2. to be in one’s shoes;

3. another pair of shoes.

2. Find out and report back to your group:

1. What kind of shoes is your partner’s favourite one.

2. What kind of footwear he/she wears in different seasons, weather.

Exercise 6

Describe the people in the pictures using the words given below. Some items may be used more than once.

Flat shoes, bare shouldered frilly dress, clinging dress, sleeveless figure hugging dress, checked jacket, braces, striped shirt, bow-tie, open-toe shoes, evening suit, high-heeled shoes, tailored suit, paisley tie, embroidered jacket, tuxedo, sling-back shoes.

Exercise 7

Translate into English.

1. Шкіряне взуття, що тисне, з часом розношується і стає зручним. Але за ним треба доглядати: регулярно чистити кремом для взуття, слідкувати, щоб не стоптувалися каблуки і вчасно підбивати набійки.Тоді воно буде довго носитися.

2. Йде дощ. Одягни краще гумові чоботи.

3. З повсякденним одягом ділова леді може носити чорні шкіряні туфлі без прикрас і на високих підборах.

4. Вечірній одяг шиють із дорогого шовку, оксамиту, шифону, тафти, атласу, мережива. А туфлі, виготовлені із тканини, повинні пасувати сукні та аксесуарам. Як правило, вони на високих шпильках, гостроносі. Вечірні туфлі можуть бути прикрашені дуже модною зараз вишивкою, бісером тощо.

5. Взуття на кожний день повинно бути зручним, надійним, добре носитися, а отже на танкетці, низьких підборах або без них.

6. Влітку я полюбляю носити різноманітні босоніжки (з ремінцями позаду, з ремінцями на щиколотці), ”в’єтнамки”, туфлі на дерев’яній підошві, туфлі з відкритим носком, парусинові туфлі та мокасини.

7. Взимку я ношу чоботи на хутряній підкладці та з товстою підошвою або високі чоботи із закотами.

8. Це був молодий чоловік у вузьких штанах, черевиках на платформі, рожевій сорочці з квітковим візерунком.

9. Щоб пошити взуття необхідно мати матеріал (шкіру, замшу, лаковану шкіру), підошви (каучукові, коркові, резинові), підбори та аксесуари.

10. Діти не люблять черевики зі шнурками, бо не вміють їх правильно зав’язувати. Тому вони надають перевагу черевикам “на липучках”.

11. Якби я була на твоєму місці, я попросила б твою сестру розносити ці туфлі.

12. Він знав у чому була справа і зміг їй допомогти.