Acute Myeloid Leukemia	3
Paul Imbach

Contents

3.1	Epidemiology...................................................................................................................		22
3.2	Predisposing Factors ........................................................................................................		22
3.3	Differential Diagnosis......................................................................................................		22
3.4	Classification....................................................................................................................		22
	3.4.1 French–American–British Classification of AML...............................................		23
	3.4.2 Histochemical Classification and Frequency .......................................................		23
	3.4.3	Immunophenotyping ............................................................................................	25
	3.4.4	Cytogenetics.........................................................................................................	25
3.5	Clinical Presentation ........................................................................................................		26
	3.5.1	Bleeding ...............................................................................................................	26
	3.5.2	Leukostasis...........................................................................................................	26
	3.5.3	Tumor Lysis Syndrome........................................................................................	26
	3.5.4	Infection ...............................................................................................................	26
3.6	Therapy ............................................................................................................................		27
	3.6.1	Induction Therapy................................................................................................	27
	3.6.2 Remission and Postremission Therapy ................................................................		28
	3.6.3 Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.........................................		28
	3.6.4 Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation........................................		28
3.7 Characteristics of and Therapy for AML Subtypes .........................................................			29
	3.7.1 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL, M3) ........................................................		29
	3.7.2 Acute Myelomonocytic and Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M4, M5) ..................		29
	3.7.3 Erythroleukemia (Di Guglielmo Syndrome, M6)................................................		30
	3.7.4 Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL).........................................................		30
	3.7.5 Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) [For Details see Chap. 4] ............................		30
	3.7.6	Eosinophilic Leukemia ........................................................................................	31
	3.7.7	Congenital Leukemias..........................................................................................	31
	3.7.8	Inherited AML .....................................................................................................	31
3.8	Relapse of AML...............................................................................................................		32
3.9	Detailed Reference...........................................................................................................		33

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by malignant hematological precursor cells with aberrant differentiation of the myeloid, lineage (see Chap. 1).

P. Imbach et al. (eds.), Pediatric Oncology,	21
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20359-6_3, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011