Фізика, збірник задач
..pdf
Dh_n•p•}gl ijhahjhkl• D ihl_gp•Zevgh]h [Zj¶}jZ ijyfhdml- gh€ nhjfb
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2 |
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D = exp − |
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2m(U − E) , |
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^_ U – \bkhlZ ihl_gp•Zevgh]h [Zj¶}jZ m – fZkZ qZklbgdb E – _g_j]•y qZklbgdb • – rbjbgZ [Zj¶}jZ
29.1. O\bevh\Z nmgdp•y ydZ hibkm} klZg |
_e_dljhgZ \ h^gh\bf•jg•c |
ijyfhdmlg•c g_kd•gq_ggh ]eb[hd•c ihl_gp•Zevg•c yf• fZ} \b]ey^ |
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ψn(x) = A sin kx + B cos kx. RbjbgZ yfb • |
f <bagZqblb _g_j]•x |
_e_dljhgZ ?2 gZ ^jm]hfm _g_j]_lbqghfm j•\g• (1,4 10-14_<
29.2.O\bevh\Z nmgdp•y sh hibkm} klZg _e_dljhgZ \ h^gh\bf•jg•c ijyfhdmlg•c g_kd•gq_ggh ]eb[hd•c ihl_gp•Zevg•c yf• fZ} \b]ey^
ψn (x) = Asin nπ x <bdhjbklh\mxqb mfh\m ghjfm\Zggy \bagZ-
qblb klZem :. ( 2 )
29.3.?e_dljhg i_j_[m\Z} \ h^gh\bf•jg•c ijyfhdmlg•c g_kd•gq_ggh ]eb[h- d•c ihl_gp•Zevg•c yf• AgZclb \•^ghr_ggy j•agbp• kmk•^g•o _g_j]_-
lbqgbo j•\g•\ ?n ^h _g_j]•€ _e_dljhgZ ?n ydsh 1) n = 1; 2) n = 10;
3) n = 100; 4) n = ∞. (3; 0,21; 0,0201; 0)
29.4.?e_dljhg i_j_[m\Z} \ h^gh\bf•jg•c ijyfhdmlg•c g_kd•gq_ggh ]eb[h- d•c ihl_gp•Zevg•c yf• <bagZqblb j•agbpx _g_j]•c ^\ho kmk•^g•o _g_j-
]_lbqgbo j•\g•\ ?2 ydsh jhaf•jb yfb •1 = 10-1 f • •2 = 10-10 f
(18,6 10-17 _< _<
29.5.?e_dljhg i_j_[m\Z} \ h^gh\bf•jg•c ijyfhdmlg•c g_kd•gq_ggh ]eb[hd•c ihl_gp•Zevg•c yf• \ hkgh\ghfm klZg• H[qbkeblb •fh\•j- g•klv W \by\e_ggy _e_dljhgZ \ k_j_^g•c lj_lbg• yfb (0,195)
29.6.?e_dljhg \ h^gh\bf•jg•c ijyfhdmlg•c g_kd•gq_ggh ]eb[hd•c ih- l_gp•Zevg•c yf• i_j_[m\Z} m a[m^`_ghfm klZg• n = 4) <bagZqblb •fh\•jg•klv W \by\e_ggy _e_dljhgZ \ i_jr•c q\_jl• yfb (0,250)
111
29.7.M ^h^Zlghfm gZijyfdm hk• 0X jmoZxlvky _e_dljhg • ijhlhg a _g_j]•}x ? _< dh`gbc • gZrlh\omxlvky gZ ijyfhdmlgbc ih-
l_gp•Zevgbc [Zj¶}j \bkhlhx U _< • rbjbghx • if. AgZclb \•^ghr_ggy •fh\•jghkl_c We/Wp ijhoh^`_ggy _e_dljhghf • ijhlhghf pvh]h [Zj¶}jZ (1,62)
29.8.?e_dljhg a _g_j]•}x ? _< jmoZ}lvky \ ^h^Zlghfm gZijyfdm hk• 0X • amklj•qZ} gZ k\h}fm reyom ijyfhdmlgbc ihl_gp•Zevgbc [Zj¶}j \bkhlhx U _< Dh_n•p•}gl ijhahjhkl• [Zj¶}jZ D = 0,02. <bagZ- qblb rbjbgm • [Zj¶}jZ gf
29.9.?e_dljhg a _g_j]•}x ? jmoZ}lvky \ ^h^Zlghfm gZijyfdm hk• 0X •
amklj•qZ} gZ k\h}fm reyom ijyfhdmlgbc ihl_gp•Zevgbc [Zj¶}j \bkhlhx U • rbjbghx • gf Dh_n•p•}gl ijhahjhkl• [Zj¶}jZ D = 0,05 AgZclb j•agbpx _g_j]•c U – E. _<
29.10.Ghjfh\ZgZ o\bevh\Z nmgdp•y sh hibkm} klZg 1s-_e_dljhgZ \ Zlhf•
\h^gx fZ} \b]ey^ ψ100 (r)= |
1 |
e |
− r r |
, ^_ r – \•^klZgv _e_dljhgZ |
πr13 |
1 |
\•^ y^jZ r1 – jZ^•mk i_jrh€ hj[•lb _e_dljhgZ <bagZqblb •fh\•jg•klv W \by\e_ggy _e_dljhgZ \ Zlhf• \k_j_^bg• kn_jb jZ^•mkhf r = 0,021 r1. (1,03 10-5)
J?GL=?G1<KVD? <BIJHF1GX<:GGY
Hkgh\g• nhjfmeb
Dhjhldho\bevh\Z ]jZgbpy ]Zevf•\gh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h \bijh- f•gx\Zggy
λmin = eUhc ,
^_ λmin – gZcf_grZ ^h\`bgZ o\be• ]Zevf•\gh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h \bijhf•gx\Zggy U – j•agbpy ihl_gp•Ze•\ f•` Zgh^hf ZglbdZlh^hf •
dZlh^hf j_gl]_g•\kvdh€ ljm[db
112
QZklhlb ν oZjZdl_jbklbqgbo j_gl]_g•\kvdbo ijhf_g•\ aZdhg Fhae•
2 |
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ν = R(Z − σ) |
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n2 |
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m2 |
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^_ R – klZeZ J•^[_j]Z Z – ihjy^dh\bc ghf_j _e_f_glZ m i_j•h^bqg•c lZ[ebp• F_g^_e}}\Z 1 – klZeZ _djZgm\Zggy
ydsh m = 1 lh n = 2, 3, ... – e•g•€ D-k_j•€ ydsh m = 2 lh n = 3, 4, ... – e•g•€ L-k_j•€ ydsh m = 3 lh n = 4, 5, ... – e•g•€ M-k_j•€
30.1.R\b^d•klv _e_dljhgZ sh i•^e•lZ} ^h ZglbdZlh^Z j_gl]_g•\kvdh€ ljm[db v = 108 f k <bagZqblb dhjhldho\bevh\m ]jZgbpx min ]Zevf•\gh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h \bijhf•gx\Zggy (39,9 nf
30.2.:glbdZlh^ j_gl]_g•\kvdh€ ljm[db ihdjblbc \ZgZ^•}f Z = 23).
=jZgbpy K-k_j•€ \ZgZ^•x min = 226 nf Ydm gZcf_grm j•agbpx ihl_gp•Ze•\ Umin lj_[Z ijbdeZklb ^h ljm[db sh[ m ki_dlj• j_gl]_- g•\kvdh]h \bijhf•gx\Zggy a¶y\bebkv \k• e•g•€ K-k_j•€" d<
30.3.1a a[•evr_ggyf gZijm]b gZ j_gl]_g•\kvd•c ljm[p• \^\•q• ^h\`bgZ o\be•
dhjhldho\bevh\h€ ]jZgbp• kmp•evgh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h ki_dljZ af•gbeZkv gZ ¨ nf <bagZqblb ^h\`bgm o\be• min. (100 nf
30.4. A• af_gr_ggyf gZijm]b gZ j_gl]_g•\kvd•c ljm[p• gZ ¨U d< ^h\`bgZ o\be• min dhjhldho\bevh\h€ ]jZgbp• kmp•evgh]h j_gl]_g•\- kvdh]h ki_dljZ a[•evrm}lvky \^\•q• AgZclb ^h\`bgm o\be• min.
(27 nf
30.5.Hqbkeblb _g_j]•x E nhlhgZ sh \•^ih\•^Z} e•g•€ KÂ m oZjZdl_- jbklbqghfm j_gl]_g•\kvdhfm ki_dlj• fZj]Zgpx (Z = 25). d_<
30.6.<bagZqblb ydbf _e_f_glZf gZe_`Zlv lZd• KÂ-e•g•€ λ1 = 987 nf;
λ2= 832 nf; λ3 = 711 nf. (Mg, A• Si)
30.7.?dki_jbf_glZevgh agZc^_gh ]jZgbqgm qZklhlm ∞ = 5,55 1018 =p K-k_j•€ oZjZdl_jbklbqgh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h \bijhf•gx\Zggy ^_ydh]h _e_f_glZ AgZclb ihjy^dh\bc ghf_j Z pvh]h _e_f_glZ (42)
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30.8.>ey j_gl]_g•\kvdh€ ljm[db a g•d_e•}\bf Zgh^hf (Z = 28) j•agbpy ^h\`bg o\bev f•` KÂ-e•g•}x • dhjhldho\bevh\hx f_`_x kmp•ev-
gh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h ki_dljZ ¨ |
nf <bagZqblb gZijm]m Umin |
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gZ ljm[p• d< |
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30.9. A• a[•evr_ggyf gZijm]b gZ j_gl]_g•\kvd•c ljm[p• \•^ U1 |
d< ^h |
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U2 |
d< •gl_j\Ze ^h\`bg |
o\bev f•` KÂ-e•g•}x • |
dhjhldh- |
o\bevh\hx f_`_x kmp•evgh]h j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h ki_dljZ ¨ a[•ev- rb\ky \ljbq• <bagZqblb ihjy^dh\bc ghf_j Z _e_f_glZ ZglbdZlh^Z p•}€ ljm[db (29)
30.10.H[qbkeblb klZe• _djZgm\Zggy 1 ^ey lZdbo e•g•c K-k_j•€ f•^• (Z = 29):
λKα = 154 nf λKβ = 139 nf λKγ = 137,9 nf. (0,9; 1,84; 2,45)
30.11.I•^ qZk i_j_oh^m _e_dljhgZ \ Zlhf• \hevnjZfm (Z = 74) a F-rZjm gZ L-rZj ^h\`bgZ o\be• \bims_gh]h nhlhgZ λ = 140 nf <bagZ- qblb klZem _djZgm\Zggy 1 ^ey L-k_j•€ j_gl]_g•\kvdh]h \bijhf•gx- \Zggy (5,5)
114
IX. Y>?JG: N1ABD:
A:DHG J:>1H:DLB<GH=H JHAI:>M
Hkgh\g• nhjfmeb
Hkgh\gbc aZdhg jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h jhaiZ^m
N = N0 e−λt ,
^_ N0 – d•evd•klv y^_j \ ihqZldh\bc fhf_gl qZkm N – d•evd•klv y^_j yd• g_ jhaiZebky gZ fhf_gl qZkm t; λ – klZeZ jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h jhaiZ^m
D•evd•klv y^_j sh jhaiZebky aZ qZk t
N = N0 − N = N0 (1 − e−λt ).
I_j•h^ i•\jhaiZ^m
T1/ 2 |
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ln 2 |
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0,693 . |
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λ |
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λ |
K_j_^g•c qZk `blly jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h y^jZ
τ= λ1 .
D•evd•klv Zlhf•\ sh f•klylvky \ jZ^•hZdlb\ghfm •ahlhi•
N = mμ N A ,
^_ NA – klZeZ :\h]Z^jh m – fZkZ •ahlhim μ – fheyjgZ fZkZ •ahlhim:dlb\g•klv jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h •ahlhim
A = |
dN |
= λN = λN0 e−λt . |
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dt |
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:dlb\g•klv •ahlhim \ ihqZldh\bc fhf_gl qZkm (t = 0)
A0 = λN0 .
115
AZdhg af•gb Zdlb\ghkl• •ahlhim a qZkhf
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A = A e−λt . |
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0 |
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31.1. |
IhqZldh\Z fZkZ jZ^hgm 86Rn222 m0 |
] I_j•h^ i•\jhaiZ^m |
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L ^h[b <bagZqblb d•evd•klv |
N y^_j jZ^hgm yd• jhaiZebky |
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aZ qZk t = 3 ^h[b AgZclb klZem jhaiZ^m jZ^hgm λ. (6,83 1020; |
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2, 1 10-6k-1) |
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31.2. |
IhqZldh\Z fZkZ mjZgm 92U238 m0 |
d] I_j•h^ i•\jhaiZ^m L |
= 4,5 109 jhd•\ <bagZqblb d•evd•klv N y^_j mjZgm yd• jhaiZ- ebky aZ qZk t = 1 j•d H[qbkeblb klZem jhaiZ^m mjZgm λ. (3,89 1014; 4,88 10-18k-1)
31.3.D•evd•klv y^_j jZ^hgm aZ h^gm ^h[m af_grbeZkv gZ 16,6 %. <bagZ- qblb klZem jhaiZ^m jZ^hgm λ. (2, 1 10-6k-1)
31.4.KlZeZ jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h jhaiZ^m •ahlhim 82Pb210 λ = 10-9 k-1. <bagZ- qblb qZk t, mijh^h\` ydh]h jhaiZ^_lvky ihqZldh\h€ d•evdhkl• y^_j pvh]h jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h •ahlhim j•d
31.5.AZ qZk t1 = 2 ^h[b ihqZldh\Z d•evd•klv y^_j jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h •ahlhim af_grbeZkv \ n = 3 jZab M kd•evdb jZa•\ \hgZ af_grblvky aZ qZk t2 = 3 ^h[b" (5,2)
31.6. |
IhqZldh\Z fZkZ jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h •ahlhim m0 |
] |
I_j•h^ i•\- |
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jhaiZ^m L k <bagZqblb fZkm •ahlhim ydbc jhaiZ\ky aZ lj_lx |
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k_dmg^m i•key ihqZldm jhaiZ^m ] |
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31.7. |
I_j•h^ i•\jhaiZ^m jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h fZ]g•x 12Mg27 L |
k ih- |
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qZldh\Z fZkZ m0 f] AgZclb ihqZldh\m Zdlb\g•klv :0 fZ]g•x • |
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ch]h Zdlb\g•klv q_j_a qZk t ]h^. (1,29 1016 ;d 1012 ;d |
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31.8. |
AZ qZk t ]h^ Zdlb\g•klv •ahlhim af_grbeZkv \•^ :1 = 1,29 1016 ;d |
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^h :2 = 3,14 1012 ;d Ydbc i_j•h^ i•\jhaiZ^m L pvh]h •ahlhim" ]h^ |
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31.9. |
<bagZqZxqb i_j•h^ i•\jhaiZ^m L jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h •ahlhim \bdh- |
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jbklZeb e•qbevgbd •fimevk•\ AZ qZk t o\ \•^ ihqZldm kihkl_- |
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116
j_`_ggy [meh gZjZoh\Zgh n1 = 375 •fimevk•\ Z \ fhf_gl qZkm t o\ \•^ih\•^gh n2 •fimevk•\ <bagZqblb i_j•h^ i•\- jhaiZ^m L •ahlhim o\
31.10.<•^[m\Zxlvky qhlbjb α-jhaiZ^b • ^\Z β-jhaiZ^b jZ^•hZdlb\gh]h •ahlhim jZ^•x 88Ra225 <bagZqblb ^ey d•gp_\h]h y^jZ aZjy^h\_ qbkeh Z • fZkh\_ qbkeh :. (82; 209)
31.11.<•^[m\Z}lvky r•klv α-jhaiZ^•\ • ljb β-jhaiZ^b y^jZ mjZgm 92U233. AgZclb ^ey d•gp_\h]h y^jZ aZjy^h\_ qbkeh Z • fZkh\_ qbkeh :.
(83; 209)
31.12.Y^jh lZe•x 81Tl210 i_j_l\hjx}lvky \ y^jh k\bgpx 82Pb206 Kd•evdb α- • β-qZklbghd \bimkdZ}lvky i•^ qZk lZdh]h i_j_l\hj_ggy" (1; 3)
?G?J=1Y A<¶YADM Y>?J Hkgh\g• nhjfmeb
>_n_dl fZkb m Zlhfgh]h y^jZ
m = (Zmp + Nmn ) − my = Zm1 G 1 + ( A − Z ) mn − ma ,
^_ Z – aZjy^h\_ qbkeh : – fZkh\_ qbkeh N – d•evd•klv g_cljhg•\ m y^j• mp, mn – fZkb ijhlhgZ • g_cljhgZ my i ma – fZkb y^jZ • ZlhfZ •ahlhim
?g_j]•y a\¶yadm y^jZ
Ea\ = k2 m,
k – r\b^d•klv k\•leZ m \Zdmmf•
Ydsh _g_j]•y \bjZ`_gZ \ F_< Z fZkZ – \ Zlhfgbo h^bgbpyo lh
Ea\ = 931 m.
IblhfZ _g_j]•y a\’yadm
δa\ = ?a\ ,
:
117
32.1.<bagZqblb iblhfm _g_j]•x a\¶yadm δa\ y^jZ 6K12. F_< gmdehg
32.2.AgZclb _g_j]•x ydZ g_h[o•^gZ ^ey \•^jb\Zggy g_cljhgZ \•^ y^jZ
11Na23. F_<
32.3.1a ijhlhg•\ • g_cljhg•\ ml\hjxxlvky y^jZ ]_e•x 2G_4 aZ]Zevghx fZkhx m d] <bagZqblb _g_j]•x ? \ d•eh\Zl-]h^bgZo ydZ \b^•ey}lvky ijb pvhfm (3,8 105 d<l ]h^
32.4.Y^jh g_cljZevgh]h ZlhfZ kdeZ^Z}lvky •a ljvho ijhlhg•\ • ^\ho
g_cljhg•\ ?g_j]•y a\¶yadm y^jZ ?a\ F_< YdZ fZkZ ma pvh]h ZlhfZ" Z h f
32.5.<klZgh\blb f•g•fZevgm _g_j]•x ydZ g_h[o•^gZ ^ey \•^jb\Zggy g_cljhgZ \•^ y^jZ 7N14. F_<
32.6.AgZclb ydm gZcf_grm _g_j]•x g_h[o•^gh aZljZlblb sh[ \•^•j\Zlb h^bg ijhlhg \•^ y^jZ Zahlm 7N14. F_<
32.7.<bagZqblb gZcf_grm _g_j]•x, ydm g_h[o•^gh aZljZlblb ^ey ih^•em y^jZ \m]e_px 6K12 gZ ljb h^gZdh\• qZklbgb. F_<
32.8. ?g_j]•y a\¶yadm y^jZ nlhjm 9F19 ?a\ F_< Z y^jZ dbkgx 8H18 − ?a\ F_< <bagZqblb ydm gZcf_grm _g_j]•x ? lj_[Z aZljZlblb sh[ \•^•j\Zlb h^bg ijhlhg \•^ y^jZ nlhjm F_<
Y>?JG1 J?:DP12
Hkgh\g• nhjfmeb
Ko_fZ y^_jgh€ j_Zdp•€
X+ a →Y +b.
?g_j]•y y^_jgh€ j_Zdp•€ l_ieh\bc _n_dl j_Zdp•€
Q = 931[(mX + ma )−(mY + mb )]= = [Ek (Y )+ Ek (b)− Ek (X )− Ek (a)],
118
^_ mx, ma, my, mb – fZkb y^_j lZ qZklbghd \ Z h f.; Ek – d•g_lbqgZ _g_j]•y y^_j lZ qZklbghd
FZkZ g_cljZevgbo Zlhf•\ Z h f
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G_cljhg |
0n1 |
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1,00867 |
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;_jbe•c |
4Be9 |
9,01219 |
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Ijhlhg |
1p1 |
1,00728 |
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4Be10 |
10,01354 |
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<h^_gv |
1H1 |
1,00783 |
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<m]e_pv |
6C12 |
12,00000 |
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1H2 |
2,01410 |
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6C14 |
13,00335 |
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1H3 |
3,01605 |
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:ahl |
7N14 |
14,00307 |
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=_e•c |
2He3 |
3,01603 |
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GZlj•c |
11Na22 |
22,98977 |
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2He4 |
4,00260 |
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FZ]g•c |
12Mg23 |
22,99414 |
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E•l•c |
3Li6 |
6,01513 |
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3Li7 |
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7,01601 |
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33.1. Y^jh |
ZlhfZ |
Zahlm 7N13 |
\bdbgmeh ihabljhg 1_0 |
• g_cljbgh 0 0. |
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D•g_lbqgZ _g_j]•y ihabljhgZ ?d_ F_< G_olmxqb d•g_lbqghx _g_j]•}x y^jZ \•^^Zq• \bagZqblb d•g_lbqgm _g_j]•x ?d g_cljbgh
F_<
33.2.G_jmohf_ y^jh dj_fg•x 14Si31 \bdbgmeh β-qZklbgdm • Zglbg_cljbgh ~0 a d•g_lbqghx _g_j]•}x ?d F_< G_olmxqb d•g_lbqghx0
_g_j]•}x y^jZ \•^^Zq• agZclb d•g_lbqgm _g_j]•x ?d_ _e_dljhgZ
F_<
33.3.G_jmohf_ y^jh ihehg•x 84Po210 \bdbgmeh α-qZklbgdm a d•g_lbqghx
_g_j]•}x ?dHe F_< <bagZqblb d•g_lbqgm _g_j]•x ?d y^jZ \•^^Zq• • ih\gm _g_j]•x Q ydZ \b^•ebeZkv i•^ qZk α-jhaiZ^m
F_< F_<
33.4.AgZclb aZjy^h\_ qbkeh Z • fZkh\_ qbkeh : y^jZ yd_ ml\hjbehkv \gZke•^hd j_Zdp•€ 4<_9 +1G1 = 2G_4 + ZXA H[qbkeblb _g_j]•x Q, ydZ \b^•eblvky \gZke•^hd p•}€ j_Zdp•€ F_<
33.5. <gZke•^hd \aZ}fh^•€ |
y^jZ \h^gx 1G1 d•g_lbqgZ _g_j]•y ydh]h |
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9 ml\hjxxlvky y^jh |
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?dG F_< a g_jmohfbf y^jhf [_jbe•x 4<_ |
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6 • y^jh ]_e•x |
4 d•g_lbqgZ _g_j]•y ydh]h |
?dG_ F_< |
• yd_ |
e•l•x 3Li |
2G_ |
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\be_l•eh i•^ dmlhf α = 900 m gZijyfdm jmom y^jZ _g_j]•x Q, ydZ \b^•eblvky i•^ qZk p•}€ j_Zdp•€. F_<
119
33.6.H[qbkeblb _g_j]•x y^_jgh€ j_Zdp•€ 20KZ44 + 1G1 = 19D41 + 2G_4.
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33.7. ?g_j]•y a\¶yadm y^jZ Zahlm 7N14 ?a\ F_< Z y^jZ \m]e_px |
6K14 – ?a\ F_< <bagZqblb _g_j]•x ydZ \b^•eblvky \ |
j_amevlZl• y^_jgh€ j_Zdp•€ 7N14 + 0n1 = 6K14 + 1j1. F_< |
33.8.I•^ qZk y^_jgh€ j_Zdp•€ 4<_9 + 2G_4 = 6K12 + 0n1 \b^•ey}lvky _g_j]•y Q = 5,7 F_< G_olmxqb d•g_lbqgbfb _g_j]•yfb y^_j 4<_9 • 2G_4 • \\Z`Zxqb €o kmfZjgbc y^_jgbc •fimevk lZdbf sh ^hj•\gx} gme_-
\• agZclb d•g_lbqg• _g_j]•€ ijh^mdl•\ jhaiZ^m ?dK • ?dn. F_<
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33.9.AZf•gblb \•^ih\•^gbfb ihagZq_ggyfb x m lZdbo y^_jgbo j_Zdp•yo
1) 92U235 + 0n1 → 57La145 + x + 40n1;
2) 92U235 + 0n1 → xZr99 + 52Te135 + x0n1; 3) 90Th232+ 0n1 → x + 54Xe140 + 30n1;
4) xPux + 0n1 → 34Se80 + 69Nd157 + 30n1.
33.10. Ihlm`g•klv Zlhfgh€ _e_dljhklZgp•€ J Dh_n•p•}gl dhjbkgh€ ^•€ η = 20 %. I•^ qZk dh`gh]h ih^•em y^jZ mjZgm 92U235 \b^•ey}lvky _g_j]•y Q F_< YdZ fZkZ mjZgm \bljZqZ}lvky aZ qZk t ^h[b? d]
33.11.I•^ qZk \b[mom \h^g_\h€ [hf[b \•^[m\Z}lvky l_jfhy^_jgZ j_Zdp•y ml\hj_ggy ]_e•x •a ^_cl_j•x • ljbl•x <bagZqblb _g_j]•x Q, ydZ
\b^•ey}lvky i•^ qZk p•}€ j_Zdp•€ • _g_j]•x ? ydm fh`gZ hljbfZlb ydsh ml\hjx}lvky fZkZ m ] ]_e•x F_< 104 d<l ]h^
120