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Great Britain
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Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometers. The population is about 57 million. The capital of the country is London.
The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western part of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high, the rivers are not long. The most important rivers are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country.
The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exporters iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. Ship -building is one of the main industries of the country.
The most famous educational centers of Great Britain are Oxford and Cambridge universities. The education is not free, it is very expensive.
The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of state. But the country is ruled by the government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labor, the Conservative and the Liberal.
Mass media
Mass media (TV, radio, newspapers, magazines, telephone, cinema, Internet) reflect the life of society and draw people's attention to the most serious political, economic, social and ecological problems of the world. They are the best instruments of communication, the source of information for everybody. They unite people into one global community.
Mass media help us to understand and correctly interpret the events. They create moral and political climate in our society.
Radio and TV perform information briefly, but quickly. That's why they are so popular with TV viewers. News agencies provide them with the latest information.
Newspapers include full reports on different topics. "Soviet Belarus" is the leading national newspaper. It gives full attention to home and world events. Besides there are many other newspapers in our country.
Magazines do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events. They provide more profound analysis of events.
Thanks to journalists and correspondents the press keeps its finger on the pulse of the country and the whole world.
Ecological Problems
Ecology is the science of how the living things are related to their environment. The crucial problem of environment protection has been recognized as a problem too big for any nation to solve.
With the development of civilization a great number of industrial enterprises, electric power stations, railways appear all over the world and pollute nature.
In the search for food man has poisoned the land with chemical. The result is disastrous for nature.
Large cities with smoky plants pollute the air we breath. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. It upsets the oxygen balance. As a result animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, rivers and lakes dry up.
The ozone layer round the Earth stops some of the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun which causes sunburn and skin cancer. The satellite photographs showed the hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic and it is getting bigger. Burning coal and oil contributes greatly to acid rains dangerous for plants. As a result environment damge causes the change of the climate on our planet.
Our ancestors considered the Earth resource to be endless. Their greed, egoism, ignorance, lack of ecological education are responsible for creating ecological tragedies. We should never forget that we live in a single, closed and delicately balanced ecological space. We are responsible for our planet.
In the result of Chernobyl tragedy the Belarusian people have faced the most horrible ecological disaster. Large territories of Belarus are contaminated with radioactive substances. They are dangerous to live in.
The Earth is our common home. The environment protection is a universal concern. Serious joint measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.
159 countries members of the United Nations Organization have set up environment protection agencies. They solve problems of ecological poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk, Lake Baikal, Chernobyl.
The international organization Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve environment.
It’s impossible to save our planet unless many people join hands.