Unit 1

Вивчіть подані слова i словосполучення

nutrition – харчування

science of nutrition – дієтетика

digestion – травлення

nutrient – поживна речовина

carbohydrate – вуглевод

fat – жир, сало, повнота, тучність

mineral – мінерал

vitamin – вітамін

amino acids – амінокислоти

protein – протеїн, білок

diet – харчі, харчування, їжа, дієта, харчовий режим

energy – енергія

food – харчі, харчування, їжа, продукти харчування, продовольство

different – різний, інший

majority – більшість

estimate – оцінювати

value – цінність, важливість

provide – забезпечувати

provide meals – надавати харчування

important – важливий

grow (grew; grown) – рости

growth – зростання, розвиток

maintenance – утримання, зберігання, підтримання

depend (on, upon) – залежати (від)

supply – постачати

produce – виробляти

movement – рух

heat – теплота

absorb – аборбувати, поглинати

demand–вимога (чого-небудь), потреба (в чому-небудь)

malnutrition – недоїдання

undernutrition – неповноцінне харчування

dietary intake – дієтичне харчування

result–випливати, мати результатом

starvation–голод, голодування

obesity–ожиріння, надмірна повнота

anaemia–анемія

Text 1a Nutrition. Some Definitions

The foods that people eat in other countries are very different from our own.

The majority of people grow well and stay healthy when they get enough to eat. There are some ways in which we can estimate the value of any diet. They form a part of the science of nutrition.

It is important to know the principles of this science because our future profession is to plan and provide meals.

But first, there are some terms. The science of nutrition is the study of all processes of growth, maintenance and repair of the living body, which depend upon the digestion of food. Food is any solid or liquid which can supply material from which the body can produce movement, heat or other forms of energy and material for growth, repair and reproduction. The components of foods which have these functions are called nutrients. In foods there are the following types of nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins.

Carbohydrates provide the body with energy and may change into body fat. Fats also provide energy but in a more concentrated form and they can form body fat.

Proteins provide amino acids for growth and repair. Minerals help to regulate body processes and are used in growth and repair. The living body needs vitamins to regulate its processes.

The diet consists of the foods or mixtures which person eats every day. The health of any person depends upon the absorption of necessary amounts of energy and all the nutrients. Energy is the ability to do work and to keep up body temperature, breathing and other processes.

Text 1b Malnutrition

Food supplies energy to the body. There are many involuntary body activities for functioning or which any person needs a certain amount of foods. Physical activity increases the demand for energy and foods. But too little or too much of nutrients over some months lead to ill health or malnutrition. The body can adapt to little dietary intakes, for example by reduced physical activity. The result of too low an intake of food is undernutrition, and, in extreme cases, starvation. For example, it results from a poor diet in developing countries.

Besides there are some diseases resulting from malnutrition. One of them is anaemia. It results from too little an intake of minerals or vitamins. Obesity (great fatness) is also a form of malnutrition, because it leads to ill health.

Unit 2

Вивчіть подані слова i словосполучення

to take place – відбуватися, траплятися

without – без

impossible – неможливий

weight – вага

drink – питво, напій

soft drink – безалкогольні напої

drank, drunk – пити

lose(lost) – губити, втрачати

loss – втрата

regulate – регулювати, упорядкувати

dangerous – небезпечний

cereal – хлібні злаки, хлібний, зерновий

contain – містити в собі

fibre – клітковина, волокно

digest – перетравлювати, засвоювати

digestible – легкотравний

indigestible – нестравний, нелегкотравний

constituent–складова частина, елемент

flavour–аромат, приємний смак, надавати смаку (запаху)

storage – зберігання

cookery – кулінарія, куховарство

much smaller amounts — набагато менша кількість

either ... or — або ... або