ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНЫЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЗАОЧНЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра иностранных языков

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Сборник текстов и упражнений

Институт машиностроительно-технологический

Специальности:

150501.65 – материаловедение в машиностроении;

151001.65 – технология машиностроения

Направление подготовки бакалавра 151000.62 – конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение автоматизированных

машиностроительных производств

Санкт-Петербург Издательство СЗТУ

2008

Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом университета

УДК 802.0(07)

Английский язык: сборник текстов и упражнений / Е. В. Гриневская, В. В. Гриневский. - СПб.: Изд-во СЗТУ, 2008.- 19 с.

Сборник текстов и упражнений разработан в соответствии с требованиями государственных образовательных стандартов высшего профессионального образования.

Сборник посвящен формированию элементарных, первостепенно необходимых умений и навыков чтения и понимания общенаучных английских текстов, тексты подобраны в соответствии с изучаемыми на 2-ом курсе грамматическими темами. При наличии грамматического справочника или учебника пособие может быть использовано для самостоятельной работы студентов.

Рассмотрено на заседании кафедры иностранных языков 17.04.2008, одобрено учебно-методической комиссией института управления производственными и инновационными программами 24.04.2008.

Рецензенты: кафедра иностранных языков СЗТУ (зав. кафедрой Е. Ф. Сыроватская, канд. филол. наук, доц.); И. Д. Садовникова, канд. филол. наук, зав. кафедрой английского языка Балтийского института иностранных языков и международного сотрудничества.

Составители: Е.В.Гриневская, канд. филол. наук, доц. В. В. Гриневский ст. преп.

© Северо-Западный государственный заочный технический университет, 2008

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Предисловие

Настоящий сборник текстов и упражнений предназначен для студентов второго курса механико-технологических специальностей Машиностроительно-Технологического института СЗТУ в качестве материала для работы в аудитории, а также для самостоятельного чтения.

Сборник состоит из пяти уроков, содержащих специальный текст и различные упражнения на терминологическую лексику и сложные грамматические формы и структуры.

Тексты сборника ориентированы на профессиональное чтение по широкому и узкому профилю специальности. Они сопровождаются упражнениями на повторение правил словообразования и наиболее трудных разделов грамматики. Эти упражнения помогут студентам закрепить умения, необходимые для чтения и перевода научно-технической литературы по специальности. Все упражнения построены на лексике текстов, что способствует усвоению активного лексического минимума по изучаемой специальности.

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Unit I

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕМА: страдательный залог (The Passive Voice). Особенности употребления страдательного залога.

Вопросы по теме

1. Как образуется страдательный залог? 2. Какие способы перевода сказуемого в страдательном залоге вы знаете? 3. Как переводится подлежащее в предложении со сказуемым в страдательном залоге, за которым следует предлог, и с чего следует начинать перевод соответствующего русского предложения?

Task 1. Сравните предложения, переведите их.

1.Iron is known as the most wide-spread metal.

2.Man has known iron from the prehistoric time.

3.Iron has been known for obtaining different kinds of alloys.

Task 2. Переведите предложения.

1.The speed possibilities of the new cutter are much spoken about.

2.Young specialists were shown the new tools which the machine-tool was equipped with.

3.The accuracy of the part machined is affected by many factors.

4.Chemistry, together with physics, is often considered as the basic science.

5.Hard research work is being carried out in many laboratories of our Institute.

6.Water can be easily decomposed into two gaseous elements, oxygen and hydrogen.

7.Water must be decomposed to obtain oxygen.

8.Every chemist should know that all substances consist of atoms the nuclei of which are surrounded by electrons revolving about the nuclei with a great velocity on definite shells.

9.In a general sense, heat treatment may be defined as an operation or combination of operations involving the heating and cooling of a metal or alloy in the solid state for the purpose of obtaining certain desirable conditions or properties.

Task 3. Прочтите и переведите текст.

THE LATHE

Any metal cutting machine that rotates the workpiece and applies a forming or single-point tool‘/ to the surface to be machined is a “turning machine”. The basic turning machine and probably the oldest precision metalworking machine tool – is the lathe.

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The age has been called the atomic age, the technological age and the electronic age. But call it what you may, this age is maintained by machines of all kids and sizes. Machinery is everywhere. Practically all necessities of life are made by machines. All electronic equipment have been made either in part or entirely by machine tools.

Today, the lathe is still the heart of industrial manufacturing. It has been used on a large scale during the last century. It seems strange to consider the lathe so vitally important when large numbers of automatic machines are used in every modern factory. But pay a visit to the factory toolroom where machining is done that makes possible the construction of these large automatic machines. There you will find a lathe – the most important tool busy at the hands of an expert machinist, turning the plans of designers and engineers into new tools and machines for modern industry.

The live center, which fits into the main spindle is so called because it acts as a bearing on which the work rests. It revolves with the work. When compared with the hardness of the dead center in the tailstock it is usually soft and is so made since it does no work.

‘/single-point toolоднолезвийный режущий инструмент

Task 4. Переведите предложения.

1. The construction of modern automatic machines is done with the help of lathe. 2. The lathe has at all times been considered the most important machine-tool in the machine shop. 3. Automatic and semiautomatic machines have been developed on the basis of a lathe. 4. The invention of a lathe was followed by the invention of other machines working on the same principles. 5. The lathe machines not only iron and steel but wood, plastics and different alloys. 6. The construction of modern machinetools is greatly influenced by the development of electronics. 7. Operation principles of a new milling machine which is being developed at our institute are discussed in this article. 8. At present the major part of industrial production is made by automatic and semiautomatic machines.

Task 5. Переведите предложения, обратите внимание на значение слова

“means”.

Mean v - означать; means n – средства, способ; by means of – с помощью, посредством.

1.The function of the lathe is the removal of metal by means of a cutting tool.

2.To turn a workpiece means to cut it on the lathe.

3.The controls are the means of governing the movement of the cutting tool.

4.The tool-post moves along and across the carriage by means of a cross-slide.

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Task 6. Заполните пропуски словами из колонки B.

A		B
1.	The first practical lathe was… than modern machines.	the most important
2.	Wood is … than steel.	softer
3.	Modern lathes are … than the first practical lathe.	slower
4.	The lathe is the … machine in industrial manufacturing.	soft
5.	This new alloy is very … .	more accurate

Unit 2.

Grammar study: The Subject of the Sentence (Способы выражения подлежащего).

Task 1. Составьте таблицу по прилагаемому образцу. Распределите по её графам приведённые ниже предложения, обращая особое внимание на способы выражения ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕГО. Предложения переведите.

0	!		1	!	2	!	3	!	4	!
	I	Группа подлежащего I				I		I
Обстоятельство О	Опреде-		Подлежа-	Опреде-	Сказуемое С		Дополнение Д Обстоятельство О
		ление	щее	ление
			Facing		is the first				on the lathe.
					operation
					performed
			Cutting		generates		heat and friction.
			metals
On recent years		many	attempts	have been made					to describe the exact
									mechanism of metal
									cutting.

1.A lathe is the most important tool in the machine shop.

2.One should do cleaning while the machine is idle, never when it is running.

3.One of the best ways for the beginner to start his acquaintance with a machine is to clean it thoroughly and oil it.

4.The designer is expected to produce an efficient cutter.

5.To keep cutting tools sharp is a most important factor in efficient machine work.

6.Increasing the feed improves cutting efficiency.

7.Depending upon the character of the work, it will be necessary to employ a variety of methods for testing the parallelism of two surfaces.

8.Machining the copper alloys is generally easier than that of steel.

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9. To liberate oxygen from a compound is a very hard task.

10.The use of vacuum methods in metallurgy is known to be increasing considerably in recent years.

Task 2. Почтите и переведите текст.

MACHINE TOOLS

The lathe generally is considered to be the primary machine tool, both because it will do a greater variety of work than any other tool and because almost any other kind of machine tool may be manufactured with the lathe. Modern lathes are highly efficient, accurate and complex devices, capable of doing a great quantity and variety of work. A well constructed engine lathe when properly operated, produces work accurate within 0.001 of an inch or even less.

The size or capacity of a lathe is given in terms of swing and length of bed. The length of a lathe shouldn’t be confused with the maximum distance between centres when the tailstock is moved to the rear end of the lathe bed. The maximum distance between centres, however, determines the length of the stock to be machined.

Lathes in general being used for a great variety of operations, naturally there are many different designs and sizes. The various types are usually classified either with respect to some characteristic constructional features or with reference to the general class of work for which the lathe was designed, the most common type lathe being usually known by manufacturers as an engine lathe being usually known by manufacturers as an engine lathe or lathe.

Task 3. К какой части речи относятся данные слова, переведите их.

to act, act, action, active, activity, actual, actually; to apply, application,

applicable; to add, addition, additional; to depend, dependent, dependence, independent; to consider, consideration, considerable, considerably; real, reality, to realize, realization; to vary, various, variation, variable.

Task 4. Образуйте существительные от следующих слов с помощью данных суффиксов; переведите исходные и производные слова.

“-ance”: clear, im’port, ap’pear, as’sist, re’sist, re’sembl(e); “-ence”: differ, e’xist, de’pend, oc’cur, ‘corres’pond; “-age”: pass, use, percent, link, volt, break;

“-ment”: move, treat, ar’range, de’velop, measure, em’ploy; “-ness”: kind, light, quick, great, i’nert.

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