My specialty. Future career (commerce)

Commerce is concerned with the distribution of all kinds. There are four main branches of commerce:

1.the retail trade. For example, when you want to buy smth you go to a shop, make to your choice and buy the good. This is a simple example of transaction between consumers and retailers.

2. is when retailers buy goods from wholesalers-the wholesale trade. For the retailers it means lower prices because they buy in large quantities the wholesalers get the goods from manufacturers and the quantity is much bigger.

3. importing of goods. For example, a company produces cars in the USA and sells them in Europe.

4. the export trade. Sometimes one country can’t sell all its products at home and it needs an exporter to sell it abroad.

To carry out trade you should have some services: 1.transport, which help move goods from one place to another

2.financial services, which are very important. For example, banking and insurance. They will help save money if smth goes wrong.

3. advertising, which stimulates sales.

Production

There are three main types of production method: job, mass and batch productions.

As far as job production, in this type of production specific work is carried out for individual customer. Job production is of the one off variety and can range from a bride’s wedding dress to an ocean-going liner. This type of production is usually labor intensive and requires the employment of skilled labor which is able to interpret technical instructions.

Mass production. This method of production is possible where the demand for a product is so great that the goods can be produced in a continuous flow.

Batch production is a last kind of production. This method falls between job and mass production. It could be described as repeated production runs in contrast to the continuous flow or mass production technique.

The production manager will have to attempt to organize the runs so that they are as economically viable as possible, but the unit costs will tend to fall as the length of the run increased.

Marketing and advertising

Buying, selling market research, transportation, storage and advertising there are all parts of the complex area of business known as marketing.

Marketing can be divided into four main elements that are popularly known as the four P’s: product, price, placement and promotion.

The product element of marketing refers to the goods or service that a company wants to sell.

A company next considers the price to charge for its product. There are three pricing options may take: above, with or below the prices. Most companies price with the market and sell, their goods and services for average price established by major producers in the industry.

The third element-placement- involves getting the product to the customer through the channels of distribution.

Finally, the communication between buyer and seller is known as promotion. There are different ways of promotion: personal selling in a department store; through newspapers or magazines and Internet.

The four elements of marketing develop a successful marketing operation.

Many people are occupied in advertising . Main part of people are engaged in promoting products. The most widespread is delivery of goods to shops and then wait until it’s sold out.

Advertising agencies are organizations which help companies sell it goods or services.

Regular sales of discount prices allows shops to attract customers but it doesn’t mean that foods are of inferior quality.

Some companies provide samples of new goods with which the producer companies want to asquint customers. This is one type of advertising.

The next type of advertising is showing a product in action.

Another way of advertising is the distribution of gifts. This business has nothing to do with advertising of selling it’s simply a trap for a gullible.

Selling by catalogue is very popular. Some companies ever can offer the credit for bought goods. Commercials help to move goods more quickly and efficiently.

This means that funds spend on the manufacturing of goods return to circulation quickly which accelerates economic growth.