- •Theory of phonetics. Contents
- •II. Branches of phonetics.
- •III. Connection of phonetics with other sciences.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. The vocal mechanism of producing oral speech.
- •II. Groups of organs.
- •III. Segmental and suprasegmental phonetics.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. Speech sounds: phones, phonemes allophones.
- •II. Functions of phonemes.
- •III. The place of allophones in the sound system.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. The English articulation basis.
- •II. Classifications of Consonants.
- •III. Modifications of consonants in connected speech.
- •Topics for discussions:
- •I. Articulation features of the English and Russian consonants. Plosive
- •Affricates
- •Sonorants
- •Constrictive
- •Constrictive sonorants
- •II. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of the English and Russian consonant systems.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •II. The qualitative analysis of the English and Russian vowel systems. Front monophthongs
- •Back monophthongs
- •Central monophthongs
- •Diphthongs with [I]-glide
- •Diphthongs with [V]-glide
- •Diphthongs with [q]-glide
- •III. Modifications of Vowels in Connected Speech.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •I. The study of syllabic structure of English and Russian words (theories).
- •II. Syllable division.
- •Topics for discussion:
- •I. Word stress.
- •II. Types of stress.
- •III. Functional aspect of word stress.
- •IV Shift of stress.
- •Topics for discussion.
- •III. Rhythm.
- •Topics for discussion.
III. Connection of phonetics with other sciences.
Language is not an isolated phenomenon; it is part of our society, and a part of us. It is a prerequisite of our society. For the last twenty years we have observed the development of quite distinct interdisciplinary subjects, such as sociolinguistics (and sociophonetics correspondingly), psycholinguistics, mathematical linguistics and others.
Sociolinguistics studies the ways in which pronunciation interacts with society, in other words, the way in which phonetic structures change in response to different social functions and the deviations of what these functions are. Society is considered here in its broadest sense – nationality, more restricted regional and social groups, and the specific interactions of individuals within them.
Psycholinguistics (developed as a distinct area in the sixties) It deals with such
aspects, as the acquisition of language by children; the extent to which language meditates or structures thinking; the extent to which language is influenced and influences itself such things as memory, attention, recall, constraints on perception; and the extent to which language has a certain role to play in the understanding of human development; the problems of speech production etc.
Topics for discussions:
What does Phonetics study? What are the main levels of its concern? What is
Phonology?
What are the main branches of Phonetics? What are their peculiarities? Give your own examples of consonant clusters that exist in Russian/Ukrainian but do not in English.
How is Phonetics connected with other sciences?
Lecture II. Oral speech production.
Key words:
|
1. ear drums['Iq'drAmz] – барабанные перепонки 2. vibrate [vQI'breIt] - вибрировать 3. convey[kqn'veI]– передавать, доно- сить 4. intervolve["Intq'vPlv]– вовлекать (все, всех) 5. respiratory[rI'spIrqtqrI]- дыхатель- ный 6. lungs[lANgz]- легкие 7. the wind pipe ['wInd'paIp] – дыха- тельное горло 8. the bronchi (bronchia) ['brONkQI; 'brONkIq] - бронхи 9. the larynx ['lxrINks] – гортань, глотка 10. the vocal cords ['vqVkql'kLdz] – го- лосовые связки 11. glottis[glPtIs]– голосовая щель 12. glottal stop ["glPtl'stPp] – твердый приступ 13. muscles[mAslz]– мышцы, мускулы 14. intensity[In'tensqtI]– интенсив- ность, напряженность 15. precede[prI'sJd]- предшествовать 16. pitch[pIC]– высота (тона, звука…) 17. to modify ['mPdIfQI] - видоизменять 18. puff of air ['pAfqv'Fq] -струя воздуха |
19. escape [Is'keIp] – избежать, сбежать 20. alter ['Lltq] - изменить 21. amplitude ['xmplItju:d] - амплитуда 22. tenseness ['tensnIs] - напряженность 23. due to ['djutu(q)] - благодаря 24. compressed air [kqm'prest 'Fq] – сжатый воздух 25. force ['fLs]– вынуждать, прилагать усилия для… 26. syllabic pulse[sI'lxbIk'pAls]– слого- вый ритм 27. to set in motion [mqVSn] – привести в движение 28. reinforces [" rJIn'fLs] – усиливать, подкреплять 29. expel [Ik'spel] – удалять, исключать 30. source of energy ['sLs qv'enqGI] – источник энергии 31. rate - скорость 32. supraglottal cavities ['suprq'glPtl 'kxvItI] - полости, находящиеся выше голосовой щели 33. pharynx ['fxrINks] – зев, глотка 34. domain [dqV'meIn] – область, сфера 35. to impose on [Im'pqVzd] – налагать, придавать 36. reduction [rI'dAkSn]- сокращение |
I. The vocal mechanism of producing oral speech.
II. Groups of organs.
III. Segmental and suprasegmental phonetics.