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Subjunctive I

Simple Sentences

To express:

  1. wish:

  2. concession:

  3. command:

Long live the forces of peace!

So be it!

Everybody leave the room!

Complex Sentences

1. Subject clauses introduced by the anticipatory “it”

It is necessary that all be ready at 7 o’clock.

2. Object clauses after expressions of:

a) order or suggestion:

We demand that atomic weapons be prohibited.

We suggest that he be chosen as our delegate.

b) fear:

She feared lest she be mistaken.

c) in indirect questions:

We cannot tell if this be true.

3. Adverbial clauses

a) of purpose:

We shall start early lest we be late.

b) of concession:

Whatever the reason be, the fact remains.

c) of condition

If in this heart a hope be dear,

That sound shall charm it forth again. (Byron.)

Subjunctive II.

Simple Sentences

To express:

a) a wish:

Oh, that the storm were over!

b) desirability, advisability, possibility, etc. (with modal verbs):

She could read that book. You should go there. You might do it now. She ought to be more careful. You had better go.

Complex Sentences

1. Subject clauses after “it” is (high) time”:

It is high time we went home.

2. Predicative clauses:

It looks as if it were going to rain.

3. Object clauses

a) after expression of wish:

I wish he were here. I wish you might stay with us. I wish we would study better.

b) in indirect questions:

She has never asked me if it were so or not.

4. Adverbial clauses

a) of comparisson:

He loved the boy as if he were his son.

b) of concession:

Even if it were raining, I should go.

c) of condition (unreal):

If I were at home, I should see her.

The analytical moods. The suppositional mood.

Complex sentences

1. Subject clauses introduced by the anticipatory “it”:

It is necessary that we should be present.

2. Object clauses.

After expression of:

a) order or suggestion:

He ordered that all should be ready at four o’clock.

I suggest that we should do it today.

b) fear:

We feared lest we should lose our way.

3. Adverbial clauses

a) of purpose:

We shall start at seven lest we should miss the train.

b) of concession:

Though it should rain, we shall have to go.

c) of condition:

If you should meet him, tell him to come.

The conditional mood.

Simple sentences with implied condition:

I should like to speak to you. It would be dangerous to cross the river in this place.

Complex sentences with adverbial clauses of:

a) concession (the conditional mood is used in the principal clause):

Even if it were raining, I should go.

b) condition (unreal) (the conditional mood is used in the principal clause):

If it were not so late, I should stay.

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