- •Частное учреждение образования
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание учебного материала
- •E c o n o m y
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Final questionnaire
- •Who wants to be a millionaire?
- •Pre-reading activities
- •Discussion
- •Text 1 economy and economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Ex. 9. Make up sentences from the jumbled words.
- •Limited resources: the need to choose
- •Final questionnaire
- •Unit 3 theories of economics
- •The first modern economists
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 2. Use the following words to complete the sentences below.
- •Ex. 5. Translate into Russian in written form. Economic Individualism – Laissez-Faire
- •Comprehension Ex. 6. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •Ex. 7. Answer the questions.
- •Classical school of economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex.9. Match the verbs on the right with the nouns on the left.
- •Ex. 13. These are the answers to the questions. What are the questions?
- •Adam smith and “the wealth of nations”
- •Unit 4 levels of economics
- •Microeconomics versus macroeconomics
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 5 main economic laws discussion
- •Text 1 the law of demand
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6 economic systems
- •Word study exercises
- •2) Выделять, назначать
- •Allocation n 1) распределение, размещение
- •Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Ex. 4.Match the verbs in column a with the nouns in column b. A b to allocate available resources
- •Comprehension
- •Ex. 8. Put the questions to the words in italics.
- •Text 2 command or planned economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Advantage – disadvantage
- •What does prefix dis-mean in the English word-building? Can you give some more examples of this rule?
- •Ex. 16. What are the synonyms from the text of the following words?
- •Comprehension
- •Text 3 free market economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4 mixed economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Put these words in the sentences given below.
- •Ex. 21. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •A b
- •Comprehension
- •Questions for discussion
- •Final questionnaire
- •Traditional economy
- •Command economy
- •Free market and mixed economies
- •Why is business activity needed?
- •Vocabulary physical item – материальные предметы
- •At the previous lessons we have discussed the following issues:
- •Informal English
- •What is the aim of all business?
- •Text 2 levels of economic activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 14. Reading. Robyn Penrose, the managing director of a manufacturing company is
- •What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?
- •Infinitive Construction “to be (un)likely to do”
- •Business cycles
- •Vocabulary
- •Contraction
- •Recession
- •Expansion
- •What causes business cycles?
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •What is international trade
- •Vocabulary
- •Import – export
- •Vocabulary
- •Management
- •Art or science?
- •Vocabulary
- •Management by objectives
- •Vocabulary
- •Management as a profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Final questionnaire
- •Managing a multinational company
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Ex.7. Answer the questions.
- •Discussion
- •International differences discussion
- •Business travel abroad
- •Recruitment
- •Vocabulary
- •Some pieces of advice will help you to bear your job interview successfully
- •Vocabulary
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Curriculum Vitae
- •Out of work
- •Types of Meetings
- •Vocabulary
- •How to organize and conduct a meeting
- •Checking understanding, interrupting, referring back
- •Companies
- •Entrepreneur
- •Vocabulary
- •I left England with £5 and now I'm a multi-millionaire!
- •A sole proprietorship
- •Vocabulary
- •Partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Corporation
- •Unit 7 talking about companies
- •Ex. 4. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •Comprehension
- •Describing company structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for reading
- •Управляемые самостоятельные работы студентов факультета экономики
- •The Witch of Wall Street
- •Vocabulary
- •Branch managers
- •Dx Communications – we succeed because we care.
- •0131 225 6755
- •4. A career in sales
- •2 Golf Road, Ellon, Aberdeenshire ab41 9at
- •Vocabulary
- •Imagine, you were him. What would you advise to your client?
- •Bibliography
Companies
premises – помещение, производственные площади
to run a company – руководить компанией
to dominate - управлять, контролировать, доминировать
shareholders– акционеры
the day-to-day running of the firm – повседневное руководство фирмой
hierarchical – иерархический
multinationals – транснациональные компании / корпорации
business entity – экономическая / производственная единица
perform services for fee – предоставлять услуги за плату
merchandising companies – торговые компании
There may be occasions when you have to talk about the company you work for. This may be when you’re actually showing someone around the place of work or premises. Or you may need to explain to someone how your company or your department is organized, who is responsible for different aspects of the business and how the company is run.
Companies are very important part of a country’s economy. Businesses produce goods and services, and come in every shape and size. Although the vast majority of the world’s companies are small, in many countries the economy is dominated by large firms. Large businesses differ from small ones in a wide variety of ways. In many countries there are nationalized companies belonging to the state, as well as private companies. A private company might be a small firm with only one owner or with thousands of shareholders “owning” the firm.
In a very large firm the shareholders have very little to do with the day-to-day running of the firm. This is left to the management. Large companies may be organized into several large departments, sometimes even divisions. The organizational structure of some companies is very hierarchical with a board of directors at the top and the various departmental heads reporting to them.
Some firms may only produce one good or service. Others may produce many different products. As a company gets bigger it may expand geographically. Many large firms are multinationals with manufacturing plants and trading locations in several different countries spread around the world.
A business organization is often referred to as a business entity. A business entity is any business organization that exists as an economic unit. Business entities can be grouped according to the type of business activity they perform.
Service companies perform services for fee. This group includes companies such as an
accounting firms, law firms, repair shops, and many others.
Merchandising companies purchase goods that are ready for sale and sell them to
customers. They include clothing stores, supermarkets, and so on.
Manufacturing companies buy materials, convert them into products, and then sell the
products to the companies or to the final customer. Examples are auto manufacturers,
food processing plants, and so on.
WORD STUDY
Ex. 1. Match the words with their definitions.
_____ nationalized company |
a. a large business company operating in several countries |
_____ to expand |
b. to change the form, character, or function of smth. |
_____ a firm |
c. a system of persons or things arranged in a graded order |
_____ hierarchy |
d. any commercial enterprise |
_____ premises |
e. a company put under state control or ownership |
_____ fee |
f. a specialized division of a large company |
_____ multinational |
g. a part of business that has been made into a unit for production, administrative or other reasons |
_____ department |
h. a piece of land together with its buildings, especially considered as a place of business |
_____ to convert |
i. to make or become greater in extent, volume, or size |
_____ division j. a payment asked by professional people or public
servants for their services
Ex. 2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.
1. совет директоров _________________________________
2. начальники отделов _______________________________
3. расширяться географически ________________________
4. производственное предприятие _____________________
5. места продажи ____________________________________
6. превращать сырьё в изделие _________________________
7. конечный потребитель _____________________________
8. организационная структура _________________________
9. бухгалтерская фирма ______________________________
10. заводы по производству пищевой продукции _________
11. огромное большинство ____________________________
12.места ведения торговой деятельности ________________
Ex. 3. What are the synonyms from the text to the words and word-combinations in italics.
1. As a company gets bigger it may spread out geographically.
2. Large businesses vary from small ones in a wide variety of styles.
3. Service companies render services for fee.
4. In many countries there are publicly-owned companies belonging to the state.
5. Manufacturing companies buy materials and transform them into products.
6. You may need to explain to someone who is in charge of different aspects of the business and
how the company is managed.
7. Some companies may only manufacture one good or service.
8. A private company might be a small firm with thousands of stockholders “owning” the firm.
9. Businesses produce goods and services, and may be of different shape and size.
10. Who is in charge of different aspects of the business
Ex. 4. Match the two halves of the sentences.
1. In a very large firms the shareholders have very little to do |
a. and come in every shape and size. |
2. A private company might be a small firm with |
b. it may expand geographically
|
3. A business entity is any business organization |
c. with the day-to-day running of the firm. |
4. Although the vast majority of the world’s companies are small, |
d. in a wide variety of ways. |
5. As a company gets bigger |
e. of a country’s economy. |
6. Large businesses differ from small ones |
f. that exists as an economic unit.
|
7. Companies are very important part |
g. thousands of shareholders “owning” the firm. |
8. Businesses produce goods and services, |
h. in many countries the economy is dominated by large firms. |
COMPREHENSION
Ex. 5. Answer the questions.
1. What kind of firms is the economy dominated by in many countries?
2. Can a small company be a private firm?
3. Do the shareholders have anything to do with the day-to-day running of the company?
4. Why is the organizational structure of some companies very hierarchical?
5. What does “a multinational company” mean?
6. What is a business entity?
7. What groups can be business entities grouped into?
8. What services do the service companies perform?
9. Give the examples of merchandising companies.
10. What business activities do manufacturing companies perform?
Text 2